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GasesGasesChap. 14Chap. 14Chap. 14Chap. 14
I.I. Pressure/Volume Pressure/Volume RelationshipRelationship
A. Boyle’s ExperimentA. Boyle’s Experiment
I.I. Pressure/Volume Pressure/Volume RelationshipRelationship
http://library.mtroyal.ca/subguides/physics.htm
• Boyle put mercury in a ‘J tube’ in a way that tapped a sample of gas in the short side.
Boyle’s ExperimentBoyle’s Experiment
http://quiz2.chem.arizona.edu/preproom/
• Boyle put mercury in a ‘J tube’ in a way that tapped a sample of gas in the short side.
• Boyle recorded pressure and volume data. His table may have looked like this:
Boyle’s ExperimentBoyle’s Experiment
http://quiz2.chem.arizona.edu/preproom/
• Boyle put mercury in a ‘J tube’ in a way that tapped a sample of gas in the short side.
• Boyle recorded pressure and volume data. His table may have looked like this:
Trial Pressure Volume
1 1 atm 40 mL
2 2 atm 20 mL
3 4 atm ? mL
4 ? atm 8 mL
Boyle’s ExperimentBoyle’s Experiment
http://quiz2.chem.arizona.edu/preproom/
• Boyle put mercury in a ‘J tube’ in a way that tapped a sample of gas in the short side.
• Boyle recorded pressure and volume data. His table may have looked like this:
Boyle’s ExperimentBoyle’s Experiment
Trial Pressure Volume
1 1 atm 40 mL
2 2 atm 20 mL
3 4 atm 10 mL
4 5 atm 8 mLhttp://quiz2.chem.arizona.edu/preproom/
A. Boyle’s ExperimentA. Boyle’s Experiment
B. GraphB. Graph
I.I. Pressure/Volume Pressure/Volume RelationshipRelationship
A. Boyle’s ExperimentA. Boyle’s Experiment
B. GraphB. Graph
I.I. Pressure/Volume Pressure/Volume RelationshipRelationship
Boyle's Law
051015202530354045
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Pressure (atm)
Vo
lum
e (
mL
)
A. Boyle’s ExperimentA. Boyle’s Experiment
B. GraphB. Graph
C. EquationC. Equation
I.I. Pressure/Volume Pressure/Volume RelationshipRelationship
PP11 ∙ V∙ V11 = = PP22 ∙ V ∙ V22
A. Boyle’s ExperimentA. Boyle’s Experiment
B. GraphB. Graph
C. EquationC. Equation
D.D. ExplanationExplanation
I.I. Pressure/Volume Pressure/Volume RelationshipRelationship
Less space means the collisions will occur _____ _________ and pressure will _______.
A. Boyle’s ExperimentA. Boyle’s Experiment
B. GraphB. Graph
C. EquationC. Equation
D.D. ExplanationExplanation
E.E. CalculationsCalculations
I.I. Pressure/Volume Pressure/Volume RelationshipRelationship
Self Check – Ex. 1Self Check – Ex. 1
A 600 mL balloon has a A 600 mL balloon has a pressure of 1.20 atm. What pressure of 1.20 atm. What is the new pressure when is the new pressure when it’s compressed to 400 mL?it’s compressed to 400 mL?
Assume constant temperature.Assume constant temperature.
Self Check – Ex. 2Self Check – Ex. 2
An oxygen container has a An oxygen container has a volume of 16 L and a pressure volume of 16 L and a pressure of 480 kPa. What volume of 480 kPa. What volume would the gas occupy if the would the gas occupy if the pressure were 120 kPa? pressure were 120 kPa?
Assume constant temperature.Assume constant temperature.
II.II. Temperature/Volume Temperature/Volume RelationshipRelationship
II.II. Temperature/Volume Temperature/Volume RelationshipRelationship
http://geocities.yahoo.com.br/saladefisica3/
A. Charles’ ExperimentA. Charles’ Experiment
II.II. Temperature/Volume Temperature/Volume RelationshipRelationshipA. Charles’ ExperimentA. Charles’ Experiment
B. GraphB. Graph
II.II. Temperature/Volume Temperature/Volume RelationshipRelationshipA. Charles’ ExperimentA. Charles’ Experiment
B. GraphB. GraphCharles' Law
010002000300040005000600070008000
-300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100
Temperature (oC)
Volu
me
(mL)
II.II. Temperature/Volume Temperature/Volume RelationshipRelationshipA. Charles’ ExperimentA. Charles’ Experiment
B. GraphB. GraphCharles' Law
010002000300040005000600070008000
-300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100
Temperature (oC)
Volu
me
(mL)
extrapolate the data
II.II. Temperature/Volume Temperature/Volume RelationshipRelationshipA. Charles’ ExperimentA. Charles’ Experiment
B. GraphB. Graph
C. EquationC. Equation
VV11 VV22
TT11 T T22
==
II.II. Temperature/Volume Temperature/Volume RelationshipRelationshipA. Charles’ ExperimentA. Charles’ Experiment
B. GraphB. Graph
C. EquationC. Equation
D.D. ExplanationExplanation
Increasing the _________ causes the particles to move faster. More motion means they need more _______.
II.II. Temperature/Volume Temperature/Volume RelationshipRelationshipA. Charles’ ExperimentA. Charles’ Experiment
B. GraphB. Graph
C. EquationC. Equation
D.D. ExplanationExplanation
E.E. CalculationsCalculations
Self Check – Ex. 3Self Check – Ex. 3
A sample of gas has a volume A sample of gas has a volume of 8 L when the temperature is of 8 L when the temperature is 300 K. At what temperature 300 K. At what temperature would the gas volume be 12 L?would the gas volume be 12 L?
Assume constant pressure.Assume constant pressure.
Self Check – Ex. 4Self Check – Ex. 4
What is the new volume of What is the new volume of a 125 cma 125 cm33 gas sample that is gas sample that is heated from -23heated from -23ooC to C to 227227ooC?C?
Assume constant pressure.Assume constant pressure.
III.III. Temperature/Pressure Temperature/Pressure RelationshipRelationship
III.III. Temperature/Pressure Temperature/Pressure RelationshipRelationship
A. Gay-Lussac’s LawA. Gay-Lussac’s Law
http://www.br-online.de/
III.III. Temperature/Pressure Temperature/Pressure RelationshipRelationship
A. Gay-Lussac’s LawA. Gay-Lussac’s Law
B. GraphB. GraphGay-Lussac's Law
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100
Temperature (oC)
Pre
ssu
re (
atm
)
III.III. Temperature/Pressure Temperature/Pressure RelationshipRelationship
A. Gay-Lussac’s LawA. Gay-Lussac’s Law
B. GraphB. Graph
C. EquationC. Equation
PP11 PP22
TT11 TT22
==
III.III. Temperature/Pressure Temperature/Pressure RelationshipRelationship
A. Gay-Lussac’s LawA. Gay-Lussac’s Law
B. GraphB. Graph
C. EquationC. Equation
D.D. ExplanationExplanation
Increasing the _________ causes the particles to move faster. More collisions equates to more ________.
III.III. Temperature/Pressure Temperature/Pressure RelationshipRelationship
A. Gay-Lussac’s LawA. Gay-Lussac’s Law
B. GraphB. Graph
C. EquationC. Equation
D.D. ExplanationExplanation
E.E. CalculationsCalculations
Self Check – Ex. 5Self Check – Ex. 5
When the temperature of a When the temperature of a gas goes from 250K to 300 K, gas goes from 250K to 300 K, the pressure of the gas goes the pressure of the gas goes from 800 torr to _____.from 800 torr to _____.
Assume constant volume.Assume constant volume.
IV.IV. Combined gas lawCombined gas law
IV.IV. Combined gas lawCombined gas lawA. Combines three gas lawsA. Combines three gas laws
IV.IV. Combined gas lawCombined gas lawA. Combines three gas lawsA. Combines three gas laws
B. EquationB. Equation
PP1 1 ∙ V∙ V1 1 PP22 ∙ V ∙ V22
TT11 TT22
==
IV.IV. Combined gas lawCombined gas lawA. Combines three gas lawsA. Combines three gas laws
B. EquationB. Equation
C.C. CalculationsCalculations
V.V. Ideal Gas LawIdeal Gas Law
V.V. Ideal Gas LawIdeal Gas LawA. Variables that affect pressureA. Variables that affect pressure
V.V. Ideal Gas LawIdeal Gas LawA. Variables that affect pressureA. Variables that affect pressure
B. EquationB. Equation
PV = nRTPV = nRT
V.V. Ideal Gas LawIdeal Gas LawA. Variables that affect pressureA. Variables that affect pressure
B. EquationB. Equation
C.C. Ideal Gas ConstantIdeal Gas Constant
R = 0.0821R = 0.0821 atm · Latm · Lmol · Kmol · K
V.V. Ideal Gas LawIdeal Gas LawA. Variables that affect pressureA. Variables that affect pressure
B. EquationB. Equation
C.C. Ideal Gas Constant Ideal Gas Constant
D.D. CalculationsCalculations
Self Check – Ex. 6Self Check – Ex. 6
What is the pressure of What is the pressure of 10 moles of helium in a 10 moles of helium in a 20 L container at a 20 L container at a temperature of 27temperature of 27oo C? C?
Self Check – Ex. 7Self Check – Ex. 7
What is the temperature What is the temperature of 2.4 mole of gas at a of 2.4 mole of gas at a pressure of 720 mmHg pressure of 720 mmHg and a volume of 2.4 L? and a volume of 2.4 L?
VI.VI. Gas StoichiometryGas Stoichiometry
VI.VI. Gas StoichiometryGas StoichiometryA. When any gas is at STP its A. When any gas is at STP its
molar volume is molar volume is L/mol. L/mol.
VI.VI. Gas StoichiometryGas StoichiometryA. When any gas is at STP its A. When any gas is at STP its
molar volume is molar volume is 22.422.4 L/mol. L/mol.
Self Check – Ex. 8Self Check – Ex. 8
How many liters of SOHow many liters of SO22 will will
be formed when 16 L of SObe formed when 16 L of SO33
decomposes. Assume all gases decomposes. Assume all gases are at STP.are at STP.
2SO2SO33 2SO 2SO22 + O + O22
VI.VI. Gas StoichiometryGas StoichiometryA. When any gas is at STP its A. When any gas is at STP its
molar volume is molar volume is 22.422.4 L/mol. L/mol.
VI.VI. Gas StoichiometryGas Stoichiometry
Massknown
molunknown
A.A. When any gas is at STP its When any gas is at STP its molar volume is molar volume is 22.422.4 L/mol. L/mol.
B.B. To find volume of gas when it’s To find volume of gas when it’s not at STP.not at STP.
VI.VI. Gas StoichiometryGas Stoichiometry
Stoich.Massknown
molunknown
A.A. When any gas is at STP its When any gas is at STP its molar volume is molar volume is 22.422.4 L/mol. L/mol.
B.B. To find volume of gas when it’s To find volume of gas when it’s not at STP.not at STP.
VI.VI. Gas StoichiometryGas Stoichiometry
Stoich.Massknown
molunknown
Tunknown
Punknown
vol.unknown
A.A. When any gas is at STP its When any gas is at STP its molar volume is molar volume is 22.422.4 L/mol. L/mol.
B.B. To find volume of gas when it’s To find volume of gas when it’s not at STP.not at STP.
VI.VI. Gas StoichiometryGas StoichiometryA.A. When any gas is at STP its When any gas is at STP its
molar volume is molar volume is 22.422.4 L/mol. L/mol.
B.B. To find volume of gas when it’s To find volume of gas when it’s not at STP.not at STP.
Stoich.Massknown
molunknown
Tunknown
Punknown
vol.unknown
PV = nRT
Self Check – Ex. 9Self Check – Ex. 9
What volume of OWhat volume of O22 at 350 K at 350 K
and 820 torr should be and 820 torr should be produced when 245 g of KClOproduced when 245 g of KClO3 3
breaks down?breaks down?
2KClO2KClO33 2KCl + 3O 2KCl + 3O22
VI.VI. Gas StoichiometryGas StoichiometryA.A. When any gas is at STP its When any gas is at STP its
molar volume is molar volume is 22.422.4 L/mol. L/mol.
B.B. To find volume of gas when it’s To find volume of gas when it’s not at STP.not at STP.
C.C. To find mass of substance from To find mass of substance from volume of gas (not at STP).volume of gas (not at STP).
VI.VI. Gas StoichiometryGas StoichiometryA.A. When any gas is at STP its When any gas is at STP its
molar volume is molar volume is 22.422.4 L/mol. L/mol.
B.B. To find volume of gas when it’s To find volume of gas when it’s not at STP.not at STP.
C.C. To find mass of substance from To find mass of substance from volume of gas (not at STP).volume of gas (not at STP).
Volumeknown
molknown
TunknownPunknown
VI.VI. Gas StoichiometryGas StoichiometryA.A. When any gas is at STP its When any gas is at STP its
molar volume is molar volume is 22.422.4 L/mol. L/mol.
B.B. To find volume of gas when it’s To find volume of gas when it’s not at STP.not at STP.
C.C. To find mass of substance from To find mass of substance from volume of gas (not at STP).volume of gas (not at STP).
Volumeknown
molknown
TunknownPunknown
PV = nRT
VI.VI. Gas StoichiometryGas StoichiometryA.A. When any gas is at STP its When any gas is at STP its
molar volume is molar volume is 22.422.4 L/mol. L/mol.
B.B. To find volume of gas when it’s To find volume of gas when it’s not at STP.not at STP.
C.C. To find mass of substance from To find mass of substance from volume of gas (not at STP).volume of gas (not at STP).
Volumeknown
molknown
massunknown
TunknownPunknown
PV = nRT
VI.VI. Gas StoichiometryGas StoichiometryA.A. When any gas is at STP its When any gas is at STP its
molar volume is molar volume is 22.422.4 L/mol. L/mol.
B.B. To find volume of gas when it’s To find volume of gas when it’s not at STP.not at STP.
C.C. To find mass of substance from To find mass of substance from volume of gas (not at STP).volume of gas (not at STP).
Stoich.Volumeknown
molknown
massunknown
TunknownPunknown
PV = nRT
Self Check – Ex. 10Self Check – Ex. 10
How many grams of carbon are How many grams of carbon are required to react with 620 mL required to react with 620 mL of Oof O22 at 37 at 37ºC and 10 atm?ºC and 10 atm?
2C + O2C + O22 2CO 2CO
The End
