Upload
rodolfo-barbosa-young
View
219
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
1/18
1
Biomass gasification technologies for
advanced power systems and synfuels- Status and Present R&D activities in Finland
Esa Kurkela
FINNISH SWEDISH FLAME DAYSNaantali, January 29, 2009
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
2
Biomass and waste gasification
for boilers and kilns
8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
2/18
2
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
3
CFB GA SIFIER
REACTOR
850 C
900 CBIOFUEL FEED
BOTTOM ASH COOLING SCREW
HOT LOW CALORIFICGAS (750 - 650 C)
AIR PREH EAT ER
RETURNL
EG
GASIFICA TION AIR FAN
UNIFLOW CYCLONE
Atmospheric -pressure CFB/BFBgasification for kilns and boilers
Commercial lime-kiln gasifierswere constructed in 1980s byAhlstrm Oy
New development by FosterWheeler in 1990s for boilerapplications
Gasifiers are now offered by Foster Wheeler Carbona/Andritz Metso Power
Feasible in size range 15-150 MW
Fuel drying is often neededto achieve required flame properties
From: FosterWheeler
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
Efficient utilisation of wastes and biomass
residues in existing power plantsa cost-effective way to reduce CO2 emissions of power plants
CFB gasifier of 60MW
Main boiler360 MWth
Gasifier feedpreparation
- in operation since1998
- no commissioning problems
- 50 000 operating hours
- gasifier availability> 95 %
- boiler emissions decreased
- paybacktime ca. 8 years
CFB gasifier of 60MW
Main boiler360 MWth
Gasifier feedpreparation
- in operation since1998
- no commissioning problems
- high fuel f lexibil i ty
- gasifier availability> 95 %
- boiler emissions decreased
-
From: FosterWheeler
8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
3/18
3
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
5
Source: T.Anttikoski, Foster Wheeler Energia Oy
Plastic reject materialwith 10 % aluminium
Corenso gasifier in Varkaus, Finland gasification of aluminium containing plastic reject material complete recycling of liquid cartoons (milk & juice packaging) 50 MW gas to boiler, 2100 t/year aluminium for re-use developed by VTT & Foster Wheeler Energia Oy in 1998 - 2000
in operation since autumn 2001
From: FosterWheeler
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
6
Gas cleaning: gas cooling followed by filtration
Gascooler
Filter
Fuelfeeding
Gasburner
Coalburners
Bed material/
Ca-based
additive
Sorbent
8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
4/18
4
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
90,0
100,0
Na K Cl Al Ca Hg Sn Sb As Cd Pb V Mn Co Ni Cu Z n Mo Cr Si Mg
%o
foutput
Bottom ash Cyclone dust Filter dust Gas
Fuel: SRF (RDF); Ceramic fabric filter (3M FB-900); Cyclonetemperature 700-750oC; filter temperature 395oC)
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
90,0
100,0
Na K Cl Al Ca Hg Sn Sb As Cd Pb V Mn Co Ni Cu Z n Mo Cr Si Mg
%o
foutput
Bottom ash Cyclone dust Filter dust Gas
Fuel: SRF (RDF); Ceramic fabric filter (3M FB-900); Cyclonetemperature 700-750oC; filter temperature 395oC)
VTT data fromlate 1990s
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
8
RFD
Gasifier Gas cooling
Gascleaning
Gas boiler
Highpressuresteam
Electricity,process steam
Flue gascleaning
Baghouse,Ca(OH)2+
activatedcarbon
Steamturbine
Natural gas/ oilauxiliary fuel
Demonstration by Lahti Energia Oy (Lahti, Kymijrvi)
- SRF fuelled gasification based WtE plant (CHP)- 2 x 80 MWth gasification & gas cleaning trains- 160 MWth gas fired boiler
8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
5/18
5
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
9
LahtiStreams IP (Advanced Integrated Waste Management and WtE Demonstration)
(Lahti Energia/FI, VTT/FI, L&T/FI, Dong Energy/DK, FZK/D; total budget 23.5 M) )
- Demonstration of complete advanced waste management chain including:> waste processing> material recovery> SRD/RDF production> advanced high efficiency WtE plant> further treatment of ashes
-R&D of - waste processing and material recovery- improved hot gas cleaning- advanced ash treatment- new gasification based high efficiency WtE technologies
http://www.lahtistreams.com/
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
From: Metso Power
http://www.lahtistreams.com/http://www.lahtistreams.com/8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
6/18
6
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
11
Biomass gasification for
High-Efficiency Power
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
EU-BigPowerBiomass Gasification for High Efficiency Power
October 2005 December 2008Overall Budget for the project: 2 943 k - Financed in part by EU FP6
Catalytic Gas Cleaning and fil tration
MEL Chemicals, United Kingdom NortaUAB, Lithuania Madison Filter Ltd, United Kingdom
R&D organisations supporti ng indus trial development VTT - Technical Research Centre of Finland TUV - Technical University of Vienna, Austria CERTH - Centre of Research & Technology Hellas,Greece TKK - Helsinki University of Technology, Finland
Gasification systems
Condens Oy, Finland
Carbona Oy, Fi nland
Repotec GmbH, Austr ia
Biomasse KraftwerkGssing, Austria (Kokemki & Skive sites)
Power production equipment GE Jenbacher, Austria MTU CFC Solution s GmbH, Germany
8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
7/18
7
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
Dual Fluidised-Bed Steam Gasifi cation(Repotec, TUV & Biomasse Kraftwerk Gssing)
Biomass-CHP-Plant-Gssing, 2 MWe + 4.5 MW heat
from: Repotec and TUV
14
Gasification CHP Plant, DenmarkAs result of Carbonas domest ic and international R&D cooperation
3 GAS ENGINES
SKIVE PROCESS DIAGRAM
DISTRICTHEATING12MWth
POWER3x2 MWe
GAS FILTER
3 GAS ENGINES
BIOMASS
FLY ASH
2 BOILERS
TO STACK
WATER
GASSCRUBBER
GAS BUFFERTANK
2x10 MWth
BOTTOM ASH
AIR/STEAM
TAR REFORMERGASIFIER
GAS COOLERS
WOODPELLETS
6 MW POWER12 MW DISTRICT HEAT
BFB GASIFIER
2 GAS BOILERS
3 GAS ENGINES
FLARE
8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
8/18
8
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
15
Novel power plant: 1.8 MWe + 3.3 MW heat Supplier: Condens Oy Kokemki, Finland
Novel
gasifier
Tar reformer
Gas coolerand Filter
Scrubber
Gas engines
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
16
Large-scale Power with Integrated Gasification
Combined-Cycle - IGCC
Fluidised-Bed Gasification at 20 bar, 800-950 oC
Gas filtration at 400 - 600 oC
Combined Gas Turbine and Steam Turbine Process
Biomass IGCCDemonstration Plant,Vrnamo, Sweden
Developed and demonstrated in 1990s
Electric efficiency up to 42 - 48 %
Requires large-scale > 50 MWe
Best global potential for CO2 reduction
New R&D on hot gas filtration by VTTin EU-BiGPower project in 2007-08
New demonstration projects when?
8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
9/18
9
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
17
Biomass gasification for
liquid biofuels and green chemicals
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
18
Production of Biomass-Derived Synthesis GasInitial step - two main approaches
Gasifier
1200 C +
Biomass Raw synthesis gas
to cooling, clean-upand conditioning
Gasifier
e.g. 900 C
Biomass Raw synthesis gas
to cooling, clean-upand conditioning
Reformer
1200 C +
(thermal)
or
e.g. 900 C
(catalytic)
Main technical challenge:
prehandling, feeding of biomass
Main technical challenge:
reforming of gas
Typically: oxy gen-blown
entrained-flow gasifier
Typically: fluidi sed-bed
gasifier, either oxygen-
blown or indirectly
heated (twin bed)
8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
10/18
10
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
19
Synthesis Gas from Biomass
VTTs UltraClean Gas project (1.1.2004-31.5.2007) VTT,TKK, Foster Wheeler, Neste Oil, Andritz, Vapo, PVO,
UPM, StoraEnso, M-real, Botnia pressurised gasification followed by catalytic reforming 500 kW Process development Unit studies for 150 400 MW plants integrated to pulp and paper industry
Pressurecontrol valve
Fuel feedingequipment
Bedmaterial
Additive
PFB GASIFIER
FILTER
Gascooler
CATR
Bedremoval
Ashremoval
Heatingelements
Heatingelements
Furnace
Air
Nitrogen
Steam
Oxygen
To slip streamtesting facilities
Pressurecontrol valve
Fuel feedingequipment
Bedmaterial
Additive
PFB GASIFIER
FILTER
Gascooler
CATR
Bedremoval
Ashremoval
Heatingelements
Heatingelements
Furnace
Air
Nitrogen
Steam
Oxygen
To slip streamtesting facilities
Kemiras peat ammoniaplant in 1990
VTTs 500 kW PDUfor syngas andultraclean fuel gas
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
20
Wood, strawenergy crops,peat, RDF
FT-synthesis& upgrading
Gasification andgas treatment
Pulp andpaper mill
Biomasshandling
anddrying
powerplant
Process steam & power
Paper
& pulp
WoodDiesel
Energy
to dryingsynthesis-gas
bark,forestresidues,otherbiomass
fuel gas+ steam
steam &oxygen
Integration of FT-synthesis plant to pulp and paper mill
8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
11/18
11
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
Efficiencies with Industrial-Heat ProductionEfficiency = 100 x [LHV-energy of main product + high-grade byproduct energy - {electricity /
0.4}] / [LHV-energy of as-received feedstock]
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
FT CH3OH S NG H2
OverallEfficiency,
%Primary
energy out
Main product
(Electricity in)
/ 0.4
Feedstock drying: from 50 % moisture to 30 % with secondary heat; from 30 % to 15 % wi th by-product steam
From: McKeough & Kurkela, NWBC, Stockholm 2008
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
22
VTT-UCG
Optimised
syngas R&D
& PDU-scale
development
Industrial demon-
stration: 15 MW- replacement of oil/gas- start-up in 2009
Further R&D- process optimisation- waste gasification- hydrogen technologies
New applications- fuel cells, 2nd gen. IGCC- hydrogen or methane- renewable chemicals
R & D on hot filtrationand
catalytic gas cleaning
Biomass/wastegasification for power
(Lahti, Corenso,Vrnamo, Kokemki)
Peatammonia
plantOulu/Finland
Synthesis gasR&D in Europeand USA in 1980s
First synfuel production plant- 200-250 MW feed capacity- 105 000 tons/a diesel fuel- 3 % Finnish transport fuel- start-up in 2012-14
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 20201985 2025 2030
Biorefineries at pulp and paper
mills and at large CHP plants- diesel production: 70 -150 000 tons/plant- by-product heat for process steam ordistrict heating
- high overall efficiency
SYNTHESIS GAS FROM
BIOMASSFROM R&D TO INDUSTRIAL SUCCESS
(road map made in VTTs UCG project in 2006)
8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
12/18
12
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
23
The Finnish Development Path NSE Biofuels
National UCG project: budget 4 MEUR, duration 2004 2007
Biomass gasification and gas reforming experiments employing the0.5 MW process development unit (PDU) at VTT
Wide industrial consortium: Foster-Wheeler, Neste Oil, Andritz-Carbona, Vapo, PVO, UPM, M-real, Mets-Botnia, Stora-Enso
Demonstration phase now under way:
Demonstration plant under construction at Varkaus, Finland;
consortium: Neste Oil and Stora-Enso
Stora Enso / Neste Oil Joint
Venture for F-T BTL Diesel Fuel
50/50 Joint Venture NSE Biofuels Oy to first developtechnology and later produce next generationrenewable diesel crude from wood / forest residues
Currently building a 12MW demonstration plant inStora Ensos Varkaus mill, to be in use spring 2009
Investment decision for a commercial scale plant whenthe parties have enough experience from thedemonstration plant
Strong development consortium
Joint Venture partners: Testing & research partner: Gasification supplier:
FromNeste Oil and Stora Enso
8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
13/18
13
1. Commissioning as air blown lime
kiln gasifier
2. Testing period as O2/H2O gasifier,
gas cleaning, FT tests
3. Return to lime kiln gasifier
Limekiln
5 MWGas cleaning
and FT
BiomassSiloKuivur
i
Dryer 12 MWGasifier
NSE Biofuels Demo 1
plant in Varkaus, Finland
FromNeste Oil and Stora Enso
8.12.200826
from: Neste Oil and Stora Enso
8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
14/18
14
BTLtec 2008
PRESSURISED GASIFICATION OF BIOMASS
Vrnamo IGCC Demonstration
Plant at 1990s
FW scope: Gasification plant
BTLtec 2008
COMMERCIAL SCALE BTL PRODUCTION PLANT
For BtL applications the size has been set roughly in the range of100,000 t/a FT-waxes200 300 MW fuel
FW already has draft layout of full-scale gasification plant forsynthetic gas production
The same biomass gasification concept could be appliedfor the production of:
SNG
Hydrogen
Methanol
Ethanol
Electricity by biomass IGCC
from: Foster Wheeler
8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
15/18
15
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
29
The Finnish Development Path - UPM
National UCG project: budget 4 MEUR, duration 2004 2007
Biomass gasification and gas reforming experiments employing the0.5 MW process development unit (PDU) at VTT
Wide industrial consortium: Foster-Wheeler, Neste Oil,Andritz-Carbona, Vapo, PVO, UPM, M-real, Mets-Botnia,Stora-Enso
Demonstration phase now under way:
Demonstration plant under construction at Varkaus, Finland;
consortium: Neste Oil and Stora-Enso Pilot-plant testing at Gas Technology Institute, Chicago, USA;
consortium: UPM and Carbona
30
International Gasification R&D Cooperation
CARBONA
with
The Gas Technology Insti tute
Chicago, USA
long term exclusive cooperation
pressurized BFB gasification biomass fuels air and oxygen gasification gas cleanup systems for IGCC and BTL
8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
16/18
16
CurrentCurrent BiofuelBiofuel activitiesactivities -- BTLBTL
BackboneBackbone ofofUPM'sUPM's BiofuelBiofuel initiativeinitiative
Current status
Biomass to
liquids
development
Exclusive alliance with Andritz/Carbona
Piloting in Gas Technology Institute facility in
Des Plaines, IL
Commercial scale plant engineering ongo ing &EIA initiated
Site selection pro cess ongoing
Wood supply chain & logisti cs survey ongoing
Route:
FB-gasification
Fischer Tropsch synthesis
Product upgrade
UPM strengths:
Acc ess to raw material
Mill integration Close to core business
from: UPM
Wood
sourcing
WoodWood
sourcingsourcing
Our 2G BTL ConceptOur 2G BTL Concept
Gasification
& purification
GasificationGasification
& purification& purificationFT-synthesis
& up-grading
FTFT--synthesissynthesis
& up& up--gradinggrading
Water
treatment
WaterWater
treatmenttreatmentCHP
plant
CHPCHP
plantplant
Pulp & paper millPulp & paper millPulp & paper mill
SyntheticSynthetic
biodieselbiodieselHH22+CO+CO
CCnnHH2n+22n+2Biomass
drying
BiomassBiomass
dryingdrying
PulpPulp
woodwood
BarkBark
StumpsStumps
ResiduesResidues
Paper mill unitsPaper mill units
Additional unitsAdditional units
Material flowMaterial flow
Energy flowEnergy flow
Gas Technology Institute, Des Plaines, Illinois, USGas Technology Institute, Des Plaines, Illinois, US
from: UPM
8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
17/18
17
33
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
34
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
8/13/2019 Gasification Activities in Finland 2009
18/18
35
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
UCGFUNDA 2008 - 2010Biomass gasification for synthesis applications
- fundamental studies supporting industrial development projects
VTT, TKK and bo Akademi, total budget 1.5 M Financing by Tekes Biorefine, VTT and private companies
(Carbona, Foster Wheeler, Metso Power, Neste Oil, Stora Enso, UPM & Vapo)
Biomass characterisation for pressurised steam/oxygen-blowngasification: ash behaviour and reactivity
Filter blinding and catalyst deactivation studies Tar reactions in non-catalytic and catalytic processes
System studies on BTL-applications and hydrogen production Development of measuring methods for tars and other gascontaminants
IEA groups: Biomass thermal gasification and Biomass Hydrogen
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
Coal
Oil
Biomass
Waste/SRF
O2A
i
r
S
t
e
a
m
Syngas
Energy
(Fuel gas)
Gasification
SOFCIGCCCo-firingGas engineCHP
FT-synthesisHydrogenSNGMetOH
C
A
R
BO
N
G
A
S
C
L
EA
NU
P