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Gathering Spheres of Influence
As US influence spread our appetite for more respect grew.
On to China…
With our acquisition of fueling stations in the Pacific - America
can reach China!
China was already influenced…
Trade began with China in 1784
They traded people mostly - workers in US
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
Great Britain, Germany, Russia, France and Japan have influence over separate areas in China
They trade there - no one else can
The U.S. wanted some influence…
US concerned that we were not benefiting from trade with huge parts of China
How could the US get a foot in the door with China?
Open Door Policy
We write letters to all the concerned parties (Open Door Notes)
Convincing them that their economies would benefit from trading with areas outside their influence in China
They bought it and we had free trade in China!
What about Japan?
Another huge Asian country with great market potential.
Opened to trade in 1854
US took in many immigrants, especially on the West coast.
West Coast schools segregated the Japanese children…
Japanese Immigrants
The Japanese government took this as an insult
They decreased trade as a response
The US needed to keep Japan as an open market…
Gentlemen’s Agreement
Japan would decrease emigration from Japan to the US if…
US would end school segregation in the US
They agreed = better relationship with Japan
In 1904…
Japan and Russia go to warOver Manchuria and KoreaThe US intercedes, Teddy Roosevelt, brokers an end to hostilities - Why?
Wants to uphold the Open Door PolicyAfraid of Japan becoming too powerful
Both withdraw from the disputed areasT. Roosevelt wins a Nobel Peace Prize
What about Latin America?
Why worry about them?Close to USVulnerableEconomic InterestsUphold the Monroe DoctrineNeed for a canal through Latin America
Latin America did not want American intervention!
But, we made plans anyway…
1850 - Clayton-Bulwer Treaty Between the US and Great Britain
Ensured any canal in Latin America would be politically neutral
1901 - Teddy Roosevelt really wants a canal and he wants to keep Europe out of Latin America - therefore, we have to reverse the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
Great Britain was busy with France and other international concerns - so we move in for the kill…
The Hay-Pauncefote Treaty gave the US sole right to any canal built in Latin America.
Of course we had to pay for it ourselves too!
Panama Canal
Colombia controls PanamaOur first job is to get rid of them - we do!Panama sells us the right to the land for the canal until 1999.
Building the Canal…
The canal takes…61million tons of TNT$352 million5,600 lives5 million square yards of concrete
The canal displaces…
Lots of soil!! (19 miles by one city block)
Latin American Policy
Roosevelt CorollaryIntervention in unstable countries
Taft - Dollar DiplomacyEncouragement of investment
Wilson - Missionary DiplomacySupport democracy
