Using resources Low demand – Questions

Q1.This question is about drinking water.

(a)     The flow diagram below shows how water is made suitable for drinking.

 

(i)      What is removed when the water is filtered? 

Tick ( ) one box.

Gases

Liquids

Solids

(1)

(ii)     What is used to sterilise the water? 

Tick ( ) one box.

Carbon

Chlorine

Sodium chloride

(1)

(iii)    Why is the water sterilised?

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(b)     Water can be purified by distillation.

Drinking water is not usually purified by distillation because distillation is expensive.

Complete the sentence.

Distillation is expensive because it requires a lot of

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(c)     Why do some water companies add fluoride to drinking water?

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(Total 5 marks)

Q2.Crude oil and natural gas are natural resources in many countries.

The table shows percentages of hydrocarbons in natural gas from three different countries.

 

HydrocarbonPercentage (%) of hydrocarbon in natural

gas

Country X Country Y Country Z

Methane 78.03 88.10 94.36

Ethane 9.70 5.30 2.37

Propane 4.82 2.16 0.15

Butane 1.33 0.72 0.02

Pentane 0.30 0.18 0.00

(a)     Calculate the mean percentage of propane from countries X, Y and Z.

Give your answer to 2 decimal places.

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Mean percentage of propane = ____________________ %

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(2)

(b)     Suggest why natural gas from different countries has different percentages of hydrocarbons.

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(c)     Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box. 

an atom an electron an ion a molecule

The formula CH4 represents ____________________ of methane.(1)

(d)     Complete the sentence.

The hydrocarbons in the table belong to the homologous series of

____________________ .(1)

Figure 1 shows how properties vary with the increasing size of molecule in this homologous series.

Figure 1

(e)     Which graph shows how boiling points vary?

Tick one box. 

A B C D

(1)

(f)      Which graph shows how viscosity varies?

Tick one box. 

A B C D

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(1)

(g)     Crude oil is fractionally distilled.

Fractions with larger molecules are cracked.

Describe two differences between fractional distillation and cracking.

1. _________________________________________________________________

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2. _________________________________________________________________

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(h)     Ethene is a product of crude oil.

Complete the sentence.

Ethene polymerises to produce ____________________ .(1)

(i)      The production of plastic bags uses limited resources.

Figure 2 shows two ways (A and B) of saving limited resources.

Figure 2

Name A and B.

Choose the answers from the box. 

recycle reduce release reuse reverse

A ____________________

B ____________________(2)

(Total 12 marks)

Q3.Used disposable nappies are sent to landfill.

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(a)     1 600 000 babies in the UK use disposable nappies.

Each baby uses 5 nappies in 1 day.

Calculate the total number of disposable nappies used in 1 day.

Give your answer in standard form.

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Total number of nappies = ____________________ (2)

Disposable nappies contain a hydrogel.

A hydrogel is a substance that absorbs water.

A nappy manufacturer investigated the mass of water absorbed by different masses of a hydrogel.

Table 1 shows the results. 

Table 1

Mass of hydrogel in g

Mass of water absorbed in g Mean mass of water

absorbed in g

Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Experiment 3

0.5 148 151 151 X

1.0 292 295 304 297

1.5 452 456 500 454

2.0 599 610 606 605

2.5 742 753 755 750

(b)     One of the results for 1.5 g of hydrogel is anomalous.

Which experiment has an anomalous result?

Tick one box. 

Experiment 1

Experiment 2

Experiment 3

(1)

(c)     Calculate value X in Table 1.

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X = ____________________ g(2)

Some of the results are shown on the graph.

(d)     Determine the mass of water absorbed by 1.8 g of hydrogel.

Use the graph.

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Mass of water absorbed = ____________________ g(1)

(e)     Which of the following is a valid conclusion from the graph.

Tick one box. 

mean mass of water absorbed in grams ∝ mass of hydrogel in grams

mean mass of water absorbed in grams = mass of hydrogel in grams

mean mass of water absorbed in grams « mass of hydrogel in grams

mean mass of water absorbed in grams ∼ mass of hydrogel in grams

(1)

(f)      Fabric nappies are an alternative to disposable nappies.

Table 2 shows information from a life cycle assessment of fabric nappies and disposable nappies.

 Table 2

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  Fabric nappy Disposable nappy

ReusableYes - can be reused many

timesNo

Biodegradable Yes No

Carbon dioxide produced per nappy in g

564 519

Water used to make each nappy in m3

1.34 0.15

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using fabric nappies instead of disposable nappies.

Use data from Table 2.

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(Total 11 marks)

Q4.This question is about drinking water.

(a)     Name two methods of treating water from rivers, lakes or the sea to produce drinking water.

Tick two boxes. 

Anaerobic digestion

Cracking

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Desalination

Electrolysis

Sterilising

(2)

(b)     The table below shows the amounts of dissolved ions in a sample of drinking water. 

Dissolved ion Mass in mgper dm3

Cl– 250

Na+ 200

NO3+ 40

What is the name of the ion with the symbol Cl–?

Tick one box. 

Calcium ion

Carbonate ion

Chloride ion

Chlorine ion

(1)

(c)     Use the information in the table above to complete the bar chart in Figure 1.

Figure 1

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 (1)

(d)     Look at the questions labelled A, B, C, D.

A   How many substances are there in drinking water?

B   How much fluoride is in drinking water?

C   Is fluoride soluble in drinking water?

D   Should fluoride be added to drinking water?

Which one of the questions cannot be answered by science alone?

Tick one box. 

A     B     C     D    

(1)

(e)     Give two reasons why the answer you have chosen cannot be answered by science alone.

1. _________________________________________________________________

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2. _________________________________________________________________

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(f)      A sample of drinking water contains 1.5 mg of fluoride per dm3 of water.A person drinks 1 dm3 of this water.

The recommended daily amount of fluoride is 4.0 mg.

Which calculation gives the percentage of the recommended daily amount of fluoride in 1 dm3 of this water?

Tick one box. 

(1)

(g)     Figure 2 shows the effect of fluoride in drinking water on tooth decay in different age groups.

Figure 2

 

Describe the pattern of tooth decay in Figure 2 for water without fluoride.

Use data to justify your answer.

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(h)     Describe the effect of adding fluoride to drinking water for the age groups in Figure 2.

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(Total 12 marks)

Q5.Hydrocarbons are used to make useful products.

(a)     What are the elements in hydrocarbons?

Tick one box. 

Carbon and hydrogen only

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Carbon and nitrogen only

Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen

(1)

(b)     Table 1 gives some information about four hydrocarbons.

                                              Table 1 

Hydrocarbon Melting point in °C

Boiling point in °C

Methane –183 –162

Ethene –169 –104

Octane –57 +126

Decane –30 +174

What are two correct statements about the four compounds?

Tick two boxes. 

Methane has the lowest boiling point and decane has the highest melting point

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Methane and decane are both gases at 20 °C

Ethene and octane are both alkanes

Decane and ethene are both liquids at 0 °C

Octane is liquid over a larger temperature range than methane

(2)

(c)     Ethene can be produced from long-chain hydrocarbons by cracking.

Give the conditions needed for cracking.

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(d)     Poly(ethene) is a polymer made from ethene. Poly(ethene) is used to make plastic bags.

Table 2 is from a life cycle assessment comparing paper bags and plastic bags.

                                                  Table 2 

  Paper bag Plastic bag

Raw material Wood(renewable)

Oil or gas(non-renewable)

Energy used to make in MJ 1.7 1.5

Solid waste produced in g 50 14

Carbon dioxide produced in kg 0.23 0.53

Evaluate which type of bag is more environmentally friendly.

Use data from Table 2 and your own knowledge to support your answer.

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(Total 11 marks)

Q6.Metals are extracted from ores in the Earth’s crust.

(a)     Why is copper used in the manufacture of computers? 

Tick (✔) one box.  

Because it has a high density.

Because it does not react with water.

Because it is a good conductor of electricity.

(1)

(b)     Figure 1 shows the percentage (%) by mass of some metals in the Earth’s crust.

Figure 1

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(i)      What is the percentage by mass of magnesium in the Earth’s crust?

_______________________ %(1)

(ii)     On Figure 1 draw the bars for:

•        calcium at 3.6% by mass

•        iron at 5.0% by mass.(2)

(c)     An ore of zinc contains zinc carbonate.

The equation for the reaction when zinc carbonate is heated is:

 

(i)      What is the name of this type of reaction? 

Tick (✔) one box.  

corrosion

decomposition

electrolysis

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(1)

(ii)     Which substance in the equation is a gas at room temperature (20 °C)? 

Tick (✔) one box.  

zinc carbonate

zinc oxide

carbon dioxide

(1)

(iii)    Complete the table below to show the number of atoms of carbon and oxygen in the formula of zinc carbonate.

 

Element Number of atoms in the formula ZnCO3

zinc, Zn 1

carbon, C

oxygen, O

(2)

(iv)     When 125 g zinc carbonate is heated, 81 g zinc oxide is produced.

Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide produced.

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Mass of carbon dioxide = _______________g(1)

(d)     Figure 2 shows a simple life cycle of a car body.

Figure 2 

 

(i)      What is one reason why iron from the blast furnace is converted into steel?

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 Tick (✔) one box.  

To make the iron pure.

To make the iron more brittle.

To make alloys for specific uses.

(1)

(ii)     Apart from cost, give three different reasons why steel should be recycled.

1. ____________________________________________________________

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2. ____________________________________________________________

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3. ____________________________________________________________

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(Total 13 marks)

Q7.This question is about metals.

(a)     Which unreactive metal is found in the Earth as the metal itself? 

Tick ( ) one box.

aluminium

gold

magnesium

(1)

(b)     Complete the sentence.

Aluminium is an element because aluminium is made of

only one type of _________________________ .(1)

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(c)     Figure 1 shows the electronic structure of an aluminium atom.

 

(i)      Use the correct words from the box to complete the sentence. 

electrons ions protons neutrons shells

The nucleus of an aluminium atom contains _______________ and

_______________ .(2)

(ii)     Complete the sentence.

In the periodic table, aluminium is in Group _______________ .(1)

(d)     Aluminium is used for kitchen foil.

Figure 2 shows a symbol on a box of kitchen foil.

 

The symbol means that aluminium can be recycled. It does not show the correct chemical symbol for aluminium.

(i)      What is the correct chemical symbol for aluminium?

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___________________________ .(1)

(ii)     Give two reasons why aluminium should be recycled.

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(e)     Aluminium has a low density, conducts electricity and is resistant to corrosion.

Which one of these properties makes aluminium suitable to use as kitchen foil?Give a reason for your answer.

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(Total 10 marks)

Q8.Where copper ore has been mined there are areas of land that contain very low percentages of copper compounds.

One way to extract the copper is to grow plants on the land.

The plants absorb copper compounds through their roots.

The plants are burned to produce copper oxide.

The copper oxide produced from plants can be reacted to produce copper or copper sulfate solution, as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1

 

(a)     Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence. 

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(i) Copper ores contain enough copper to make extraction of the metal

carbon neutral.

economical.

reversible.

(1) 

(ii) Using plants to extract metals is called

photosynthesis.

phytomining.

polymerisation.

(1) 

(iii) Copper oxide reacts with carbon to produce copper and

carbon dioxide.

oxygen.

sulfur dioxide.

(1)

(b)     Copper is produced from copper sulfate solution by displacement using iron or by electrolysis.

(i)      Complete the word equation.

copper sulfate    +    iron         ___________ + ___________(2)

(ii)     Figure 2 shows the electrolysis of copper sulfate solution.

Figure 2

 

Why do copper ions go to the negative electrode?

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(c)     Suggest two reasons why copper should not be disposed of in landfill sites.

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(Total 8 marks)

Q9.Plastics are used to make many everyday items, such as the body of the kettle.

 

(a)     Complete the sentences by drawing a ring around the correct words. 

(i)      The plastic is made from many small molecules called

catalysts

monomers

polymers

(1)

(ii)     Propene is produced by cracking some of the fractions that are 

separated from

crude oil

limestone

metal ores

(1)

(b)     After a few years the kettle no longer worked.

•        Some parts of the kettle are made of plastic.•        Some parts of the kettle are made of stainless steel.•        The owner of the kettle disposed of it in a landfill site.

Consider these statements.

Suggest three reasons why the kettle should not be disposed of in a landfill site.

1. _________________________________________________________________

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2. _________________________________________________________________

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3. _________________________________________________________________

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(Total 5 marks)

Q10.Good quality water is needed for a healthy life.

In the United Kingdom, obtaining safe water for drinking is as simple as turning on a tap. The water is made safe to drink by water companies.

However, in many parts of Africa and Asia, water used for drinking is contaminated and untreated. It is estimated that 2.2 million people die each year as a result of drinking contaminated water.

 DADA DANESHANANDA, Man with filtered water from the

Mafi-Zongo water project. www.amurt.net/africa/ghana/2005

(a)     Sea water is not used as drinking water.

Suggest why.

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(b)     Explain why water for drinking is filtered and then treated with chlorine.

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(2)(Total 3 marks)

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