GCSE Geography flashcard - resources.collins.co.uk images/CollinsRevisionGCSE... · Rainforests and Hot Deserts – Characteristics and Adaptations Opportunities, Threats and Management

Geo

grap

hica

l Ski

llsG

eogr

aphi

cal S

kills

Tect

onic

Haz

ards

1Te

cton

ic H

azar

ds 2

Tect

onic

Haz

ards

3

Name one way of showing

exact heights on a map.

Name two terms to describe

drainage patterns.

What is a collision zone?

What are seismic waves?

At what type of plate

boundary would you expect

to find a composite volcano?

1

2

3

4

5

Geo

grap

hica

l Ski

llsG

eogr

aphi

cal S

kills

Tect

onic

Haz

ards

1Te

cton

ic H

azar

ds 2

Tect

onic

Haz

ards

3

1

2

3

4

5

Exact heights can be shown

on a map by:

• spot heights

• triangulation points.

Drainage patterns can be

described as:

• dendritic

• rectangular

• parallel

• trellised

• deranged

• radial

A collision zone is where

two continental plates

collide, buckling rather than

subducting.

Seismic waves are shock waves

of energy which travel through

rocks to the surface.

You would expect to find

a composite volcano at a

destructive boundary.

GCSE Revision • AQA Geography





Trop

ical

Sto

rms

Extr

eme

Wea

ther

in

the

UK

Clim

ate

Chan

geEc

osys

tem

s an

d Ba

lanc

eEc

osys

tem

s an

d G

loba

l Atm

osph

eric

Ci

rcul

atio

nHow is a country’s resilience a

factor in coping with tropical

storms?

What are the factors which

affect the UK climate?

How can orbital changes

(Milankovitch cycles) affect

climate change?

What is the purpose of

decomposers in the nutrient cycle?

Describe the rainfall pattern

of a tropical grassland

ecosystem.

6

7

8

9

10

Trop

ical

Sto

rms

Extr

eme

Wea

ther

in

the

UK

Clim

ate

Chan

geEc

osys

tem

s an

d Ba

lanc

eEc

osys

tem

s an

d G

loba

l Atm

osph

eric

Ci

rcul

atio

n

6

7

8

9

10

Resilience is determined by

the level of development and

the degree of preparedness, so:

• LICs tend to have low

resilience

• HICs tend to have high

resilience.

Factors affecting the UK

climate include the:

• location beside the

Atlantic Ocean

• prevailing winds

• collision between cold and

warm air masses

• influence of continental air

• altitude.

Orbital changes can result in:

• the Earth orbiting closer to

the Sun, warming the planet

• the Earth orbiting further

away from the Sun, cooling

the planet.

Decomposers return nutrients

to the soil/ecosystem.

Tropical grasslands tend to

have long, dry seasons and

brief, wet seasons.






Rain

fore

sts

and

Hot

Des

erts

–

Char

acte

rist

ics

and

Ada

ptat

ions

Opp

ortu

niti

es, T

hrea

ts a

nd

Man

agem

ent S

trat

egie

s in

th

e A

maz

on

Opp

ortu

niti

es, T

hrea

ts a

nd

Man

agem

ent S

trat

egie

s in

H

ot D

eser

ts

Pola

r and

Tun

dra

Envi

ronm

ents

Gla

ciat

ion

1: P

roce

sses

What problem can over-

irrigation lead to in hot desert

regions?

What are the three types

of farming practised in the

Amazon Basin?

What is an ‘aquifer’?

What does the Madrid

Protocol prohibit?

What will cause a glacier to

deposit its load?

11

12

13

14

15

Rain

fore

sts

and

Hot

Des

erts

–

Char

acte

rist

ics

and

Ada

ptat

ions

Opp

ortu

niti

es, T

hrea

ts a

nd

Man

agem

ent S

trat

egie

s in

th

e A

maz

on

Opp

ortu

niti

es, T

hrea

ts a

nd

Man

agem

ent S

trat

egie

s in

H

ot D

eser

ts

Pola

r and

Tun

dra

Envi

ronm

ents

Gla

ciat

ion

1: P

roce

sses

11

12

13

14

15

Over-irrigation can lead to

salinisation of the soils.

The three types of farming

practised in the Amazon Basin are:

• shifting

• subsistence

• commercial.

An aquifer is a water-bearing

layer of rock.

The Madrid Protocol prohibits

any mining in Antarctica.

A glacier might deposit its

load owing to:

• a reduction in the size of

the glacier

• a reduction in the energy

of the glacier

• increased melting

(ablation).






Gla

ciat

ion

2:

Land

scap

esG

laci

atio

n 3:

Lan

d U

se

and

Issu

esCo

asts

1: P

roce

sses

Coas

ts 2

: Lan

dfor

ms

Coas

ts 3

: Man

agem

ent

Why might some ribbon lakes

disappear over time?

Why does the extraction of

minerals attract opposition?

Describe a ‘concordant’

coastline.

What are the two factors

affecting beach gradient?

Give two positive impacts from

the use of groynes for coastal

management.

16

17

18

19

20

Gla

ciat

ion

2:

Land

scap

esG

laci

atio

n 3:

Lan

d U

se

and

Issu

esCo

asts

1: P

roce

sses

Coas

ts 2

: Lan

dfor

ms

Coas

ts 3

: Man

agem

ent

16

17

18

19

20

Ribbon lakes may fill up

with sediment from streams

flowing into them from the

surrounding hills.

The extraction of minerals

attracts opposition for

environmental and aesthetic

reasons.

On a concordant coastline, the

bands of rock are parallel to

the sea.

The two factors affecting beach

gradient are:

• the size of the beach

sediment

• the steepness of the waves.

Two positive impacts of

groynes are:

• they do not restrict access

to the beach

• they help to create wider

beaches.






Rive

rs 1

: Pro

cess

esRi

vers

2: L

andf

orm

sRi

vers

3: F

lood

ing

and

Man

agem

ent

Urb

anis

atio

nU

rban

Issu

es a

nd

Chal

leng

es 1

In what four ways can a river

move or carry its load?

What is the term for the most

efficient route of water in a

channel?

What are the four ways

rainwater can get into a river

channel?

Define the term ‘urbanisation’.

Why do so many people live

in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas?

21

22

23

24

25

Rive

rs 1

: Pro

cess

esRi

vers

2: L

andf

orm

sRi

vers

3: F

lood

ing

and

Man

agem

ent

Urb

anis

atio

nU

rban

Issu

es a

nd

Chal

leng

es 1

21

22

23

24

25

A river can move or carry its

load through:

• solution

• suspension

• saltation

• traction.

The thalweg is the most

efficient route of water in

a channel.

Rainwater can reach a river

channel by:

• channel catch

• overland flow

• throughflow

• groundwater flow.

Urbanisation is the increase

in the proportion of people

living in urban areas.

Reasons for the high population

in Rio’s favelas include:

• the large number of rural

migrants

• land is cheap

• opportunities for informal

economy.






Urb

an Is

sues

and

Ch

alle

nges

2U

rban

Issu

es a

nd

Chal

leng

es 3

UK

Popu

lati

on a

nd

Econ

omic

Cha

nge

Glo

bal D

evel

opm

ent

1G

loba

l Dev

elop

men

t 2

What is a ‘brownfield’ site?

Define the term ‘sustainable’.

What is meant by

‘de-industrialisation’?

What is the difference between

birth rate and death rate called?

What is the difference

between fair trade and free

trade?

26

27

28

29

30

Urb

an Is

sues

and

Ch

alle

nges

2U

rban

Issu

es a

nd

Chal

leng

es 3

UK

Popu

lati

on a

nd

Econ

omic

Cha

nge

Glo

bal D

evel

opm

ent

1G

loba

l Dev

elop

men

t 2

26

27

28

29

30

A brownfield site is derelict

industrial land.

Sustainable means allowing

people to meet their needs

today without harming the

prospects of people in the

future to meet their needs.

De-industrialisation is a

decrease in primary and

secondary employment.

The difference between birth

rate and death rate is called

natural increase.

Fair trade is where raw material

producers are paid a fair price for

their goods, while free trade is

where trade between countries

is not hindered by duties or rules

set by a group of trading nations.






Ove

rvie

w o

f Re

sour

ces

– U

KFo

od 1

Food

2W

ater

1W

ater

2

31

32

33

34

35

Ove

rvie

w o

f Re

sour

ces

– U

KFo

od 1

Food

2W

ater

1W

ater

2

31

32

33

34

35

Renewables include wind

power, solar power, tidal

power and biomass.

As LICs develop, people

demand a more western diet

with more meat and dairy

products. The grain used to

feed the people is then fed

to animals, leading to food

shortages for the poor.

Organopónicos in Havana,

Cuba, is a scheme to improve

food security for the urban

poor. It consists of low-level

walls filled with soil and

organic matter, watered by

drip irrigation to grow fruit

and vegetables.

Climate change in LICs could result in:

• altered patterns of rainfall,

leading to drought/flood

• a lack of water for farmers,

leading to food shortages/

famine

• a lack of water for sanitation,

leading to disease.

Greywater harvesting is the

recycling of water that has

been used in showers and

baths, or the collection of

rainwater, for use in flushing

toilets and other non-drinking

purposes.

In terms of energy

resources, give examples of

‘renewables’.

How can economic

development in a LIC lead to

food shortages for the poor?

Outline a scheme to improve

food security for the urban

poor.

What are the potential

implications of climate change

on water supply in LICs?

What is meant by ‘greywater

harvesting’?






Ener

gy 1

Ener

gy 2

Ener

gy 3

Fiel

dwor

kIs

sue

Eval

uati

on

36

37

38

39

40

Ener

gy 1

Ener

gy 2

Ener

gy 3

Fiel

dwor

kIs

sue

Eval

uati

on

36

37

38

39

40

Many people in Africa use

wood as a fuel and this

is rapidly being used up,

resulting in energy poverty.

Biomass is the use of plants

to produce energy, whereas

biofuel is the conversion of

some crops (e.g. maize) into

fuels like ethanol.

Some LICs have low carbon

footprints because:

• food is locally produced

• less fossil fuel is used

• lifestyles are generally more

sustainable as a result.

A risk assessment helps to

identify and analyse any

possible dangers/risks when

doing fieldwork and to put in

place measures to reduce the

dangers/risks.

A SWOT analysis helps to

structure thinking before

reaching a decision (strengths,

weaknesses, opportunities

and threats).

What fuel do large numbers of

African people use as their main

source of energy and why is this

leading to energy poverty?

What is the difference

between ‘biomass’ and

‘biofuel’?

Why do some LICs have low

carbon footprints?

Why is it necessary to carry out

a risk assessment?

What is a SWOT analysis and

why is it important in helping

to reach a decision?






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GCSE Geography flashcard - resources.collins.co.uk images/CollinsRevisionGCSE... · Rainforests and Hot Deserts – Characteristics and Adaptations Opportunities, Threats and Management