COMPOSITIONAL& UNCONVENTIONAL RESERVOIR SIMULATOR

WHY CMG?CMG is devoted to providing the ultimate customer experience with our commitments to:

• R&D investment• Superior software

technology• Unparalleled user

support

GEM PRODUCT OVERVIEW

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GEM™ is essential for modelling complex reservoirs with complicated phase behaviour interactions that directly impact the desired recovery method and estimated net present value (NPV).

By using GEM, engineers are able to accurately understand and model compositional fl uidbehaviour for primary and enhanced recovery processes.

BENEFITS• Understand fl uid

property composition and behaviour

• Simulate recoverable reserves through advanced simulation

• Simulate complex reservoirs to identify optimal recovery processes

• Increase estimated NPV through accurate phase behaviour models

• Optimize fi eld, surface operating conditions and overall recovery

DESCRIPTION & APPLICATIONSGEM is an advanced, general equation-of-state (EoS) compositional simulator that models the fl ow of three-phase, multi-component fl uids. GEM will model any type of reservoir where the importance of the fl uid composition and their interactions areessential to understanding the recovery process. GEM can accurately model primary, secondary, and tertiary recovery processes, as well as complexheterogeneous faulted structures, horizontal and multilateral wells, and geomechanical deformation. GEM is used extensively for modelling gas liquids-rich shales, coal bed methane (CBM & E-CBM) and CO

2 processes.

GEM is a general compositional reservoir simulator for modelling processes such as gas condensates, volatile oils, gas cycling, WAG processes, and many other multi-component reservoir scenarios. It can also model gas injection processes such as miscible fl oods, and vaporizing or condensing gas drives.

GEM simulates structurally complex and varying fl uid combinations beyond conventional black oilsimulators, and K-value compositionalsimulators, including processes in which the effects

of inter-phase mass transfer (i.e. changing fl uid phase composition) are important. GEM willeffectively model laboratory scale projects, pilot areas, elements of symmetry, or full-scale fi eldstudies.

GEM allows refi nement and amalgamation to beapplied dynamically to track front movement through the model via DynaGrid to provideprecision, and resolution where required, while rapidly delivering answers. GEM uses an adaptive implicit solver for optimal solution, accuracy, andcomputational speed. The adaptive implicit solver combined with DynaGrid and Parasol, a multi-CPU solver, signifi cantly speeds up runtimes.

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERYGEM accurately simulates the three main types of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations: chemical fl ooding, miscible displacement and thermal recovery. Due to the complexity of miscible gas injection, GEMoptimizes the gas injection scheme and simulates the phase behaviour between oil and gas, therebyidentifying dynamic miscibility and higher recovery rates. By using the true vertical depth (TVD) anddynamic gridding features, GEM minimizes the effect of numerical dispersion associatedwith modelling the mixing of component gases in the reservoir.

Results 3D image of a CO2 EOR process showing Asphaltene

Precipitation (blocks) relative to the miscible CO2 front

(orange surfaces).

GEM PRODUCT OVERVIEW

www.cmgl.ca/gem

+1.403.531.1300, INFO@CMGL.CACALGARY HOUSTON BOGOTA CARACAS LONDON DUBAI KUALA LUMPUR™Trademark of Computer Modelling Group Ltd. Copyright © 2012 Computer Modelling Group Ltd. 12.GE.P2

2012 NEWFEATURES• Reduced initialization

times for shale gas and multi-level local grid refi nement (LGR)

• Model changesin wettability withthe new relative permeability interpolation tables

• No restrictions on viscosity model type for thermal models

• Improved CBM initialization methods, varying by regions

• Improved parallel performance

• Accurately model wettability change due to deposition of solids or aqueous composition change

UNCONVENTIONALOIL & GASGEM is the only compositional simulator to capture allthe chemistry changes in an unconventional reservoir.

GEM accurately accounts for dual permeability systems; provides advanced gridding capabilities to model fl owregimes in and near fractures; imports microseismic data for the characterization; and optimizes the placement, spacing and NPV of hydraulic fracture treatments.

GEM, the industry leader for CBM simulation, provides accurate early-time water and methane productionpredictions, plus multi-component productionpredictions for enhanced CBM (E-CBM)recovery. GEM accurately models the physicsof asphaltene-related effects – precipitation, fl occulation, deposition and plugging – associated with geochemical reactions when CO

2 is injected into a CBM fi eld.

NATURALLY OR HYDRAULICALLY FRACTURED RESERVOIRSGEM features a range of dual porosity/dual permeability techniques for modelling naturally or hydraulicallyfractured formations, including gas phase diffusion. These techniques allow accurate modelling of the matrix-fracture transfer in fractured reservoir systems. In addition, GEM includes advanced modelling of hydraulically fractured gas condensate wells (i.e. explicit representation of fracture dimensions in grid design, along with non-Darcy fl ow and velocity-dependent relative permeability effects).The rigorous, iteratively coupled, fi nite-element based 3D

geomechanics module simulates compaction and dilation behavior. GEM replicates the physics and chemistry of what’s happening in the reservoir.

GREENHOUSE GASGEM models the long-term effect of CO

2

injections into a geological formation and/or a salineaquifer thereby providing engineers with a clearer picture of the effects on the basin. Using a coupled fl ow,geomechanical model, GEM simulates CO

2 mineral

trapping and calcite dissolution, which are important forlong-term CO

2 sequestration. In addition, GEM tracks

the changes to the reservoir mineralogy when CO2

is injected into the aquifer.

Results 3D image of a CO2 Sequestration process showing denser

water containing solubilized CO2 (yellow) migrating to the bottom

of the reservoir by gravity. Also shown is Calcite Precipitation dueto mineralization (blocks).

WHY CMG?Computer Modelling Group Ltd. (CMG) is the leading supplier of advanced reservoir simulation software for conventional andunconventional reservoirs. CMG offers black oil, compositional, thermal and chemical reservoir simulators, assisted historymatching and optimization, sensitivity and uncertainty tools, all augmented with visualization to interpret and understandsimulation results. Experienced engineering teams in offi ces around the world provide the best software user support,training and technical assistance.

CMG is devoted to providing the ultimate customer experience through our commitments to R&D investment, superior software technology, and unparalleled user support.

COMMITTED TO R&D INVESTMENT: CMG reinvests approximately 20% of its annual revenue into product research anddevelopment (R&D). With more than half of our employees devoted to these tasks, CMG routinely exceeds our customers’expectations. CMG is proud of our academic strength with 50% of our employees holding a Master’s degree or higher qualifi cation.

COMMITTED TO DELIVERING SUPERIOR SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY: CMG, the leader in enhanced oil recovery simulation, delivers software that is easier to use and provides the most accurate results for compositional, conventional, unconventional and advanced IOR/EOR processes. CMG software is the industry standard for usability, physics, robustness and performance.

COMMITTED TO UNPARALLELED USER SUPPORT: CMG provides experienced technical sales and support personnel aroundthe world, priding itself on a standard “one-day response rate” for technical support questions. In addition, CMG offers industry leading software training courses in our Calgary, Caracas, Dubai, Houston and London offi ces.