GEMs for CMS Upgrade Muons are quite central to most of the Physics that would unfold from “CMS” Triggering and tracking with muons, is therefore a challenging

GEMs for CMS Upgrade

• Muons are quite central to most of the Physics that would unfold from “CMS”

• Triggering and tracking with muons, is therefore a challenging task :

Detector R&D (Hardware techniques)Instrumentation and Trigger generation (Software development)

• Muon detectors are in the peripheral regions of the calorimeter, they tend :

to be large sized in areas ( 1 to 2 m2)to have a larger granularity in the forward regionwith excellent timing capabilities

wide acceptance and robust triggering

L. M. Pant 1India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

• Standard Model precision measurement :

• high-η : Z production for backward-forward asymmetry studies (important for pdf)

• precise measurements of electroweak processes where barrel is not enough (low-pT : J/ψ, Υ)

• Exotica (new physics at 7-8 TeV mass scale) :

• Heavy-resonances (with possible multi-leptons signatures)

• New heavy HSCP which may need precision timing

Physics for high eta region


Reduced RE system|η| < 1.6

η=2.4

η =2.4

Scenario with a double GE1/1 and a single GE2/1 station

in each endcap

Initial RPC end-cap system


The Forward Muon RPC trigger system is equipped with detectors at η < 1.6, the high η region of CMS is presently vacant and presents an opportunity to instrument it with a detector technology that could sustain the environment and be suitable for operation at the LHC and its future upgrades.

CMS GE1/1 ??


Forward Muon RPC Trigger system

RPC Region Rates Hz/cm2

LHC (1034 cm2/s)

High Luminosity LHC

(2.3 x LHC)

(1035cm2/s) Phase II SLHC ??

RB 30 Few 100 kHz (tbc)

RE 1, 2, 3,4 < 1.6h 30 Few 100 kHz (tbc)

Total Expected Charge in 10 years

0.05 C/cm2 0.15 C/cm2 C/cm2

RE 1,2,3,4 > 1.6h 500 Hz kHz few kHz few 10’s kHz

Total Expected Charge in 10 years

(0.05 - 1) C/cm2 few C/cm2 few 10’s C/cm2

The harsh environment


= 1.6

= 2.1

GE 1/1Double station20o chambers

2 x 18 = 36

GE 1/1Double station20o chambers

2 x 18 = 3672 + 8 spares = 80 GE 2/1

Single station10o chambers

1 x 36 = 36

GE 2/1Single station10o chambers

1 x 36 = 3672 + 8 spares = 80

Total 160 chambers @ 7 kCHF

3 GEM layers on either side


Cost of GEM based upgrade160 GEMs in 3 layers ()

1 kCHF Rs. 50,000/-

SN Item Cost (kCHF)

1 Detector : 160 @ 7 kCHF 1120

2 Electronics 2200

3 Power Supplies & Cables 480

4 Mechanics and Services 600

5 Gas mixing and distribution systems 75

6 Total 4475

7 Contingency (15%) 671.25

8 Grand Total 5146.25

9 Rounded 5000

Total Cost : 5 MCHF Rs. 25 CroreThis is in additional to 65 MCHF total given in the upgrade technical proposal


• The GEM collaboration currently comprises

– 76 collaborators– 14 institutions

Bari (INFN & Univ.), Beijing, CERN, Delhi, Florida Tech, Frascati, Gent, Islamabad (NCP), Kolkata, Mumbai (BARC & TIFR), Napoli, INFN Pisa/Siena, Warsaw, and Wayne State

– 7 countries (plus CERN)Belgium, China, India, Italy, Pakistan, Poland, USA + CERN

• Additional groups are interested in joining:– ULB Brussels, Belgium (Gilles De Lentdecker)– Tsinghua U., China (Chunhua Jian)– Panjab University, India (Jasbir B. Singh)– KODEL, Seoul, Korea (Sung Park)

The GEM collaboration


In the present project stage resources are needed/used for :

construction of small and large prototypes (mechanics, electronics, HV dividers, detector mockup ...)

lab equipment and consumables

instrumentation and running during test beam campaigns


Present need for resources

Base material : Polyimide 50 µm + 5 µm Cu on both sides

•Base material

•Hole patterning in Cu

•Polyimide etch

•Bottom electro etch

•Second Polyimide Etch

•Double mask •Single mask


GEM double mask vs. single mask

• limited to 40 cm x 40 cm• mask precision

• limited to 2 m x 60 cm

Present GEM foil : 1.2 m x 0.6 m

Future GEM foils : 2m x 0.6 m


Proposed Indian contribution

= 1.6

= 2.1

GE 2/1, Single station, 10o chambers, 1 x 36 = 36

Cost : 1125 kCHF (22% of the projected cost)

: Rs. 6 Crore

Institutes : NPD-BARC, PU-Chandigarh, SINP, ?, ?

Cost / Institute : Rs. 2 Crore [12th plan (2012-2017); 13th plan]

Other Indian : cost per institute reduces orInstitutes : one could take up extra layersJoining


NPD-BARC and GEMs : 1 of 41. NPD-BARC has expressed its interest (EoI) :

Sep 2010 workshop on MPGDs at CERN

2. The necessary infrastructure exists at NPD-BARC for handling the project

3. BARC, as a whole, is planning to join the RD51 collaboration (procedures in the pipeline)

4. A triple GEM (10 cm x 10 cm) procured from CERN is being configured in RPC Lab., at NPD-BARC

5. Gas mixing system arranged for the GEM (Ar:CO2 :: 70:30)

6. Reactive Ion Etching of polymide surface being studied with RF plasma in a local industry

7. Clean volume for GEM operation being augmented

8. Linkages to the existing programmes : RPCs for CMS L. M. Pant 13India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

200 X magnification of a GEM foil

• Rejected Gem foil

• Cu etched on one side • Polyamide film visible within the circles

• Hole diameter 70 µm • Pitch 140 µm • Equilateral triangle symmetry

• The surface quality of GEM does not appear to be good

Cu

140

µm

70 µm

NPD-BARC and GEMs : 2 of 4


RIE machine for dry etching of polymide surface between the etched copper in a local industry

Preparations for dry etching of GEM foils



• GEMs active area: 10 x 10 cm2

• Double mask triple GEM • 1D readout (128 ch on X)• Strip pitch = 0.8mm• Gas mixture : Ar/CO2 (70/30)• Gas flow : 5 litres per hour• Test with an X-ray source

To do : Triple GEM to be configured for tests

Drift

GEM3T

Anode

3.00 mm

GEM3B

GEM2TGEM2B

GEM1TGEM1B

1.00 mm

1.00 mm

Drift gap

T1

T2

Induction gap 1.00 mm



Manpower

Scientist : 2 Assistant : 1

Need student : 1

GEM foil with the protection resistors

Read-Out board, bottom plane

Read-Out board, top plane, connector

Frame for stretching

Placing the foil Mounting the frame and stretching

Stretched GEM foil Placing the Read-Out

Assembly procedures : 2-3 hours


GEMs for CMS

Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics


Fields of Interest

Simulation

Characteristic responses: gain and signal in magnetic field

Dynamics related issues: transparency, efficiency, ion back-flow, efficiency, charging up, gas flow

Effect of design parameters: spacer, drift electrode

Gas composition

Experiment

Optimization of design parameters:

spacer and drift electrode

Measurement of detector dynamics:gain, ion back-flow, gas flow

In-Beam Tests

Data AnalysisL. M. Pant 19India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

Resources

Expertise

Experiment: experience of working in both low energy and high energy nuclear physics experiments at various national and international accelerator facilities, operation and testing of detectors (gaseous, solid state, scintillator), fluid dynamics, data analysis

Programming and simulation: development of electrostatic field solver (neBEM), interface of neBEM with GARFIELD (RD51 collaboration WG4), detailed field and response simulation of MPGDs, fluid dynamics

Personnel (current status)

Faculty: 3 Student: 1 Technician: 2

Infrastructure:

MPGD laboratory with necessary gas flow unit and electronics, XYZ precision positioning system

Blade servers, high-end work stationsL. M. Pant 20India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

Documents

GEMs for CMS Upgrade Muons are quite central to most of the Physics that would unfold from “CMS” Triggering and tracking with muons, is therefore a challenging