Gender and IWRMGender and IWRMHow to integrate Gender Concerns into IWRMHow to integrate Gender Concerns into IWRM

By Soumaya IbrahimBy Soumaya Ibrahim

Tools for mainstreaming GenderTools for mainstreaming Gender

AtAt: :

11 . .The Analysis phaseThe Analysis phase

22 . .The Planning phaseThe Planning phase

Tools for the Gender AnalysisTools for the Gender Analysis

• Gender Division of LaborGender Division of LaborFrequency and time spentFrequency and time spent

• Access to and Control over resources and Access to and Control over resources and BenefitsBenefits

• Influencing FactorsInfluencing Factors

Before the analysis the information is gathered through Before the analysis the information is gathered through various tools such asvarious tools such as: :

Desk reviewsDesk reviews

Household InterviewsHousehold Interviews Focus Group DiscussionFocus Group Discussion

Direct ObservationDirect Observation Semi-Structured InterviewsSemi-Structured Interviews

Case StudyCase Study Stakeholder workshopStakeholder workshop

Trend AnalysisTrend Analysis Day-time Use AnalysisDay-time Use Analysis

Gender Division Of Labor MatrixGender Division Of Labor Matrix

Socio-Socio-Economic Economic ActivitiesActivities

WomenWomen//

GirlsGirlsMenMen//

BoysBoysTimeTime

FrequencyFrequencyLocatioLocationn

MaleMaleFemaleFemale

Productive Productive ActivitiesActivities

Paid LaborPaid Labor

Unpaid Unpaid LaborLabor

Giving water Giving water to small to small animals & animals & camelscamels

Repair of Repair of water tabswater tabs

alwaysalwaysHomeHome

ReproductivReproductive Activitiese Activities

Discharge of Discharge of waste water waste water either in either in canals, street canals, street or trenchesor trenches

alwaysalwaysHomeHome

Community Community ManagemenManagementt

Attend Attend water water board board meetingsmeetings

Table: Patterns of Women's Water management Sector

Household Water ConsumptionAnimal Water Consumption

Agriculture Water Consumption

Urban Sector

Often:Repair of water tabs/ AlwaysDischarge of waste water in slums

Watering Poultry and small animals

Rural Sector

Always: Discharge of domestic waste water either in

street, canal , trenches or fieldsSeldom Wash clothes or dishes in canal is done when

women have a light load in their household chores as it is considered a recreation to meet with other women.

Women do not cooperate directly in water management on community level, in case of installation or repairing of sewage system.

Always: use of water for small

animals (goats & Sheep& poultry)

Sometimes: Drinking for buffaloes &

cows especially when close or in the house.

Bath cows and buffaloes in the canal or using ground water

Water used during bread baking is health & given to animals to drink

Often : open water to the fieldSupervise water in the field.

More responsible when land is planted with clover or cotton and men if vegetables)

Arrange with and pay laborersIn lower Egypt dig & clean

ditches Sometimes:Participates on the household

level on the selection of the crop and the time of irrigation.

Seldom:Participates in Water user

AssociationsSeldom/NeverAttends or receives information

from Irrigation Extension staff

DesertAreas

Always: Discharge of domestic wastewater. Water used for washing

vegetables is given to animals to drinkUsually:Arranging for household water

Always responsible for watering small

animals and sometimes camels

SometimesUse water for the small garden

behind their houses (if available)

Access to and control over Resources and Access to and control over Resources and BenefitsBenefits

VariableVariableResourcesResources

Access toAccess toControl overControl over

MaleMaleFemaleFemaleMaleMaleFemaleFemale

Capital/landCapital/landalwaysalwaysAlwaysAlwaysseldomseldom

Appropriate Appropriate TechnologyTechnology

alwaysalwaysAlwaysAlwaysseldomseldom

EducationEducation//

TrainingTraining

SeldomSeldom//

neverneverAlwaysAlwaysnevernever

TransportatioTransportationn

oftenoftenAlwaysAlwayssometimessometimes

InformationInformationseldomseldomAlwaysAlwaysseldomseldom

Market Market FacilitiesFacilities

oftenoftenAlwaysAlwayssometimessometimes

BenefitsBenefitsIncome used Income used for for reproductivereproductive//

productiveproductive

Always f. Always f. reprrepr..

AlwaysAlways

Always f. Always f. repr.repr.

Seldom Seldom f.prodcutivef.prodcutive

Status/Power Status/Power recognitionrecognition

sometimessometimesalwaysalwaysnevernever

Factors influencing the Factors influencing the mainstreaming of Gender mainstreaming of Gender concerns in IWRMconcerns in IWRM

• Economic conditionsEconomic conditions: : poverty level, income distribution, poverty level, income distribution, inflation rate, international trade relation, structural inflation rate, international trade relation, structural adjustment programme.adjustment programme.] ]

• Demographic conditionsDemographic conditions: fertility rate, labor supply, : fertility rate, labor supply, internal migration patterns.internal migration patterns.

• CultureCulture: prevalent norms and values, ethnicity.: prevalent norms and values, ethnicity.

• Legislation and regulationsLegislation and regulations: national development : national development policies.policies.

• Training and educationalTraining and educational levels: training facilities. levels: training facilities.

• Institutional arrangementsInstitutional arrangements: nature of government : nature of government institutions, workers organizations, NGOs , CDA.institutions, workers organizations, NGOs , CDA.

Factors influencing the mainstreaming Factors influencing the mainstreaming of Gender concerns in IWRMof Gender concerns in IWRM

DescriptionDescriptionOpportunityOpportunityConstraintConstraint

Economic Economic conditionsconditions

Poor women lack Poor women lack resources & suffer from resources & suffer from low level of low level of infrastructureinfrastructure

DemographicDemographicDue to migrating Due to migrating husbands, women were husbands, women were given the chance to get given the chance to get involved in WMinvolved in WM

Women become Women become overloaded with overloaded with responsibility of responsibility of managing the farmsmanaging the farms

culturecultureToo many stereotypes Too many stereotypes cement women in their cement women in their traditional imagestraditional images

TrainingTrainingWomen do not attend Women do not attend training (field days)training (field days)

Institutional Institutional arrangementarrangement

Women do not attend Women do not attend meetings due to their meetings due to their triple roles, late meeting triple roles, late meeting hours, remote locationshours, remote locations..

Mainstreaming Gender Concerns in the Mainstreaming Gender Concerns in the Planning of IWRMPlanning of IWRM

•Adapted from CIDAAdapted from CIDA

To promote gender mainstreaming on all levels of IWRM(Social, Institutional, Policy)

DevelopmentResults Enabling

Results

Management Results

Development ResultsDevelopment Results

OutcomesOutcomesOutputOutputActivitiesActivitiesEnhanced access Enhanced access and control by and control by women over women over resources & resources & benefitsbenefits

Increased access Increased access by women to skills by women to skills trainingtraining

Appoint female Appoint female extension extension staffstaffArrange or Arrange or involve women in involve women in field demonstration field demonstration sessionssessions

Enhanced Enhanced participation of participation of women with men in women with men in decision-makingdecision-making

Reduction of Reduction of constraints constraints impeding women’s impeding women’s participationparticipation

Conduct Conduct awareness raising awareness raising for women and for women and men regarding men regarding economic, political economic, political & social rights to & social rights to participationparticipationIncrease capacity Increase capacity of water of water associations to associations to work towards work towards gender equalitygender equality

Enabling ResultsEnabling Results

OutcomeOutcomeOutputOutputActivitiesActivitiesEnhanced Enhanced partnership in partnership in working effectively working effectively towards gender towards gender mainstreamingmainstreaming

Establishment of Establishment of an enabling an enabling environmentenvironment

Form partnerships Form partnerships among key partnersamong key partners

Enhanced Enhanced sustained capacity sustained capacity to mainstream to mainstream gender results in gender results in workwork

Availability of Availability of gender training gender training courses and courses and expertiseexpertise

Develop capacity Develop capacity and consolidate and consolidate expertise in Egyptexpertise in Egypt

Enhanced use and Enhanced use and sharing of sharing of information & toolsinformation & tools

Strategies and Strategies and tool kit on tool kit on Gender Gender mainstreaming mainstreaming are availableare available

Share Share knowledge/tools and knowledge/tools and lessons learnedlessons learned

Management ResultsManagement Results

OutcomeOutcomeOutputOutputActivitiesActivitiesAppropriately Appropriately trained stafftrained staff

Field-staff is Field-staff is knowledgeable on knowledgeable on Gender issues & Gender issues & able to conduct able to conduct policy dialoguepolicy dialogue

Allocate human & Allocate human & financial resources financial resources necessarynecessary

Effective Effective Information Information systems of Gender systems of Gender mainstreamingmainstreaming

Effective flow of Effective flow of communication and communication and informationinformation

Establish Establish mechanism for mechanism for Information Information Management and Management and TechnologyTechnology

Appropriate Appropriate management management systems to support systems to support mainstreaming of mainstreaming of gendergender

Established Established Management Management structure to support structure to support implementation of implementation of Gender EqualityGender Equality

Establish Establish processes to processes to implement & implement & review gender review gender

strategy strategy