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Gender-Based Violence (GBV)
Assessment and Service Mapping for
MCSP- supported facilities in
Kogi and Ebonyi States, Nigeria.
Final Report –September, 2017
Authors:
Chioma Oduenyi
Joyce Igwebuike
Anuli Nwosu
Emenike Azie
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Table of Contents Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. 2
List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................. 2
Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ 4
1.0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 6
2.0. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 9
3.0. OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................................................................... 11
4.0. METHODS ............................................................................................................................................. 11
4.1. Site selection ........................................................................................................................................ 11
4.2. Respondents ........................................................................................................................................ 12
4.4. Data Collection ..................................................................................................................................... 12
4.5. Data Analysis ........................................................................................................................................ 13
4.6. Limitations............................................................................................................................................ 13
5.0. MAJOR FINDINGS ................................................................................................................................. 14
5.1. Knowledge and perception of GBV ...................................................................................................... 14
5.2. Common forms of GBV occurring in the community ........................................................................... 16
5.3. GBV Policies and laws .......................................................................................................................... 19
5.4. Post-GBV care provided at the health facilities ................................................................................... 20
5.5. Current GBV programs and services .................................................................................................... 22
5.5.1. Oversight and Implementation of GBV Activities in the states ........................................................ 22
5.5.2. GBV Activities by other government agencies .................................................................................. 24
5.5.3. GBV Activities by other non-governmental organizations (CBOs, CSOs, FBOs)................................ 24
5.5.4. Health: ............................................................................................................................................... 25
5.5.5. Long-term psychosocial support: ...................................................................................................... 25
5.5.6. Legal services: ................................................................................................................................... 26
5.5.7. Law enforcement: ............................................................................................................................. 26
5.5.8. Safe house/shelter: ........................................................................................................................... 28
5.5.9. Community mobilization and advocacy: ........................................................................................... 28
5.5.10. Capacity of Service Providers to provide post-GBV care: ............................................................... 28
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5.6. Referral organizations .......................................................................................................................... 29
6.0. Challenges ............................................................................................................................................ 33
7.0. Recommendations ............................................................................................................................... 33
8.0. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 34
9.0. Next steps ............................................................................................................................................ 34
10.0. Annexes ....................................................................................................................................... 35
10.1. Photo gallery ............................................................................................................................... 35
Table of Figures Fig.5.2a: Common types of GBV occurring in the community .................................................................... 16
Fig. 5.2b common form of GBV in the community as reported by service providers (Kogi) ..................... 17
Fig. 5.2c: Common form of GBV in the community as reported by service providers (Ebonyi) ................. 18
Fig. 5.3: Usage of GBV Policy ....................................................................................................................... 19
Fig. 5.4a: Post-GBV care given at the health facilities ................................................................................ 20
.................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Fig. 5.6a: Target population covered by the NGO referral organizations ................................................... 29
Fig. 5.6b: Type of Referral Organizations Kogi and Ebonyi ......................................................................... 29
Fig.5.6c: Number of cases seen in the past year by the referral organizations .......................................... 30
Fig 5.6d. Source of funding for referral organizations ................................................................................ 30
Fig. 5.6e: Strategies used in identifying Survivors ...................................................................................... 31
List of Tables Table 4.1: Type of health facilities visited ................................................................................................... 12
Table. 5.1a: Knowledge of GBV among service providers by level of facilities: Kogi.................................. 14
Table 5.1b: Knowledge of GBV among service providers by level of facilities: Ebonyi .............................. 14
Table 5.1c: GBV knowledge among service providers: Comparing Kogi and Ebonyi states ....................... 15
Table 5.4: Health facility OICs’ responses on the category of GBV survivors (age group) ......................... 21
Table 5.5: Summary of GBV referral services available in Ebonyi & Kogi ................................................... 22
3 | P a g e
Acknowledgements
The authors of this report would like to acknowledge the MCSP Abuja team for the opportunity
to work on this project and the Ebonyi and Kogi state teams for the tremendous work done in
planning a seamless field assessment. Special thanks goes to the State Ministry of Health and
Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development in both States, the various LGAs, the health
facility Service Providers, NGOs and various community leaders who agreed to meet with us
despite a short notice.
4 | P a g e
Acronyms and Abbreviations
AYON Association for OVC NGOs in Nigeria
CBO Community Based Organization
CLAP Community Life Advancement Project
CNO Chief Nursing Officer
CSO Civil Service Organization
DACA Diocesan Action Committee on AIDS
DCI Dual Care & HIV Prevention Initiative
ED Executive Director
FBO Faith Based Organization
FGM Female Genital Mutilation
GBV Gender Based Violence
GH General Hospital
HF Health facility
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
IEC Information, education, and communication
I/C In-charge
KHAN Kindling Hope Across Nations Initiative
KONGONET Kogi Non-Government Organization Network
IPV Intimate partner violence
LGA Local Government Area
MCSP Maternal & Child Survival Program
NAPTIP National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons
NGO Non-governmental organization
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NPF Nigerian Police Force
NSCDC National Security & Civil Defense Corps
NTA National Television Authority
OIC Officer-in-charge
OVC Orphans & vulnerable children
PEP Post-exposure prophylaxis
PHC Primary Health Center
PPFP Post-partum Family Planning
PIBCID Participation Initiative for Behavioral Change in Development
PRO Public Relations Officer
RMNCAH Reproductive, maternal, neonatal, child and adolescent health
SMILE Sustainable Mechanism for Improved Livelihood & Household Empowerment
SMLAS Safe Motherhood Ladies’ Association
SMOH State Ministry of Health
SMOWASD State Ministry of Women Affairs & Social Development
STD Sexually transmitted disease
WHO World Health Organization
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1.0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In a bid to strengthen the health system’s response to GBV, MCSP carried out a rapid assessment
to determine the availability of GBV prevention and response mechanisms, perceptions and
knowledge of GBV among health workers. Also a service mapping of available GBV referral
services within and around target communities was done to establish whether and where referral
services exists or not in both states.
Field assessments were carried out over a period of 10 days in 30 MCSP supported health facilities
selected in Ebonyi and Kogi states based on client load and equitable geographical spread. Key
informant interviews were conducted with key persons in the State Ministry of Women Affairs
and Social Development (SMOWASD), State Ministry of Health (SMOH) and Local Government
Areas (LGAs), Heads of Community Based Organizations (CBOs) and Faith Based Organizations
(FBOs), gender officers in legal and law-enforcement agencies, officers’-in- charge of health
facilities and community heads. A total of 63 respondents (25 female/38males) in Kogi State and
78(54 females/24males) respondents in Ebonyi State were interviewed.
Knowledge and Perception of GBV: Findings showed that stakeholders were generally aware of GBV issues including existence of
national and state laws on GBV. Nevertheless, there was evidence of limited knowledge on GBV
prevention and response strategies. Health service providers interviewed in both states had a
fair knowledge of GBV (57% in Ebonyi and 44% in Kogi), and knowledge seemed to increase with
the higher level health facilities (secondary and tertiary).
Common Forms of GBV The service providers (42% in Ebonyi and 44% in Kogi) reported rape as the most common form
of GBV occurring in the surrounding community and affecting more female minors in Ebonyi and
adult females in Kogi. The next commonest type of GBV reported by the health facilities was
intimate partner violence (IPV). FGM was more popular in Ebonyi (than Kogi) as a cultural practice
and type of GBV, though practice was said to be minimal in recent times.
The Media Interview with National Television Authority (NTA) in Ebonyi revealed that the media plays a
crucial role in the sensitization on FGM as they had produced documentaries on FGM funded by
UNICEF, UNFPA and Child Protection Network.
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GBV Disclosure by Survivors and capacity of health workers to provide post-GBV care
GBV disclosure by survivors appeared to be very low as well as the rate of help seeking. When
survivors present at health facilities, most health providers provide medical care for physical
injuries without referrals or linkages to other services as there is no strong referral pathway
between the social welfare and the health facilities. Though there is low level of reporting of
cases both for healthcare and law-enforcement, there are huge gaps in existing knowledge base
and infrastructure for prevention and response of GBV in both states. Health providers were
found to generally lack the capacity to provide basic first-line support to GBV survivors as very
few service providers were aware of, or ever referred GBV survivors to referral services. Most
health workers have never received any form of training on gender-based violence.
One of the deficits for post-GBV response identified in both states is the lack of a state-owned
emergency shelter for GBV survivors, though a couple of organizations run safe houses. The social
welfare units of the LGAs (situated in the LG councils) in both states are poorly funded and ill-
equipped to carry out GBV-supportive functions and difficult to access by far away communities.
Oversight and Implementation of GBV Activities in the states
The State Ministry of Health (SMOH), oversees GBV activities while the State Ministry of Women
Affairs and Social Development (SMOWASD) is responsible for implementation. However the
Gender focal persons in the ministries in both states seemed not to have much responsibilities
concerning GBV matters as most information were given by the Directors. In Ebonyi, the
SMOWASD and Ebonyi State Community and Social Development Project performed GBV-related
activities such as providing seed grants for women, community mobilization and skills acquisition.
In Kogi State, most GBV-related activities in the SMOWASD were on hold due to lack of funds.
GBV Activities by other government agencies:
The Nigerian Police Force and National Security and Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC) handled mostly
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and rape of minors. The National Agency for the Prohibition of
Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) catered for trafficked persons by offering rehabilitation and re-
integration. The officers interviewed had just fair knowledge of GBV and associated laws and
policies as cases were handled by alternative dispute resolution or prosecution by law. Financial
constraints, weak laws and stigmatization were mentioned as barriers to performing their GBV
functions and solicited that partnership with donor organizations would augment their efforts.
8 | P a g e
GBV Activities by non-governmental organizations (CSOs, CBOs and FBOs)
There was high level of awareness of both national and state levels GBV-related laws among
CSOs, CBOs and FBOs that handle women and child right issues, in both states. Ebonyi has a
legislation against GBV called Ebonyi State Protection against Domestic Violence Law, 2005. Kogi
state on the other hand, is still in the process of domesticating the Violence against Persons
Prohibition (VAPP, 2015) Act. There was however, a higher rate of usage of GBV policies and
guidelines among the organizations in Kogi (70%) than Ebonyi (21%). Most organizations visited
were found to be performing more than one GBV referral service but majorly focusing on
community mobilization and advocacy with a very minimal combination of other functions such
as psychosocial counselling, social integration, economic empowerment, legal and law
enforcement services for post-GBV survivors. However, where these services or functions exists,
they are located in urban areas which makes it very difficult for GBV survivors to access due to
distance and transportation costs from community of abode where the health facilities are
situated. It is worth noting that the few services available through some NGOs are mostly
international donor driven and-dependent portending huge funding gaps for post-GBV care.
Conclusion This rapid assessment and service mapping provides strong evidence on the total absence of
systematic strategies on GBV prevention and response in both Ebonyi and Kogi States health
systems. Essential services required to effectively provide post-GBV care at health facilities are
conspicuously non-existent. Social services which are widely informed by SMoWASD to be
available in every LGA through the social welfare offices, were found to be erratic and skeletal.
At the SMoWASD, designated gender officers did not seem to be in the know of GBV activities in
the state as poor coordination between themselves and their Directors was evident. There is a
need to link the few existing GBV referral services to the health facilities through engagements
with the service providers and non-governmental organizations, legal and law-enforcement
agencies. There is need for sustained capacity-building for service providers on the provision of
basic first-line support to GBV survivors at the health facility level. Massive sensitization on GBV
prevention should be carried out at all levels including communities. Finally, there is strong need
to advocate to government for the establishment of routine post-GBV care services at health
facilities by establishing avenues or mechanisms where GBV survivors can access services for
healthcare and other social services beyond health on a routine basis.
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2.0. INTRODUCTION
The Maternal and Child Survival Program (MCSP) works to improve the quality and utilization of
maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health interventions including PPFP and addresses
gender-related barriers that affect service uptake within healthcare facilities in Kogi and Ebonyi
states. One of MCSP’s targeted interventions include strengthening post-GBV care services at
selected MCSP supported health facilities.
Gender Based Violence (GBV), a growing public health and human right problem both globally
and in Nigeria affect women and girls mostly as about 1 in 3 women are said to have ever
experienced a form of GBV1. In Nigeria, acts of violence against women cut across religion, social
class and ethnic groups and some Nigerian traditions harmful to women include female genital
mutilation, widowhood rites, forced or early marriage2. Other forms of violence against women
that exist are intimate partner violence (IPV), rape, child abuse, trafficking of women and girls,
economic violence, psychological or emotional violence, etc.
IPV is said to be the commonest and most pervasive form of GBV in Nigeria1. Though several
small-scale researches have been carried out in different regions, there is paucity of data to
determine state-specific prevalence of IPV. Female genital mutilation is widely practiced in
southern Nigeria with Ebonyi state having the second highest number of females circumcised
(74%) while Kogi has one of the lowest around 1%1.
Despite strong evidence showing a rising trend of gender-based violence (GBV) in Nigerian
communities, the act remains shrouded in secrecy and the silence surrounding GBV in Nigeria
contributes to the poor reporting of cases and even when reported, there is lack of appropriate
mechanisms to effectively respond to survivors needs. The health facility has been described as
most often the first point of call for GBV survivors, however service providers were found to be
poorly trained and equipped with referral services to respond to GBV survivors appropriately.
1 National Population Council (NPC) (2014). Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013. Abuja, Nigeria 2 Country Information and Guidance. Nigeria: Women fearing gender-based harm or violence. Version 2.0. August 2016. Available at https://www.google.com.ng/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/ 3 Abayomi, A.A. & Kolawole, T.O. (2013). American Journal of Sociological Research 3(3), 53-60. DOI: 10.5923/J.20130303.01 4 Federal Ministry of Women and Social Development (FMWASD, 2015). National Guidelines and Referral Standards on Gender Based Violence in Nigeria
10 | P a g e
Beyond commonly cited barriers that hinder the uptake of available health services, non-
existence of routine post-GBV care poses a great risk in the delivery of quality healthcare to
women and children in Ebonyi and Kogi States. WHO global plan for action advocates for and
encourages member states to strengthen the role of the health system through multi-sectoral
response, in order to effectively respond to violence against women and children.
Ongoing efforts in the country to respond to GBV include passage of the Violence against Persons
Prohibition Act, increased social and legislative advocacy, establishment of gender and family
units in the police, advocating for male participation and provision of support services by NGOs4.
Many affected persons are reluctant to seek care due to lack of positive response from the
society. In addition to shame, fear and stigmatization, GBV survivors also suffer due to poverty
and economic dependence on men, who may be the perpetrators of violence3. Despite ongoing
efforts to protect women and girls from GBV in Nigeria, post-GBV care is still inadequate. The
health facility has been found to be the first point of call for GBV survivors however, health staff
who attend to GBV survivors may not be aware of the long-lasting physical, emotional and
psychosocial problems these survivors face or do not know how else to respond beyond medical
care. According to the National Guidelines and Referral Standards on GBV, there ought to be a
clearly outlined range of post-GBV services that are linked to healthcare facilities4. It is therefore
needful to identify organizations and agencies providing GBV care and collaborate with them, in
order to provide a seamless referral pathway for GBV survivors.
MCSP engaged three (3) consultants (1 lead consultant and 1 per state) to assess, identify and
highlight GBV-related needs in thirty (30) MCSP supported health facilities in Kogi and Ebonyi
States and their surrounding communities respectively; and also develop a referral directory for
GBV referral services under the thematic areas below:
Social support services
Emergency shelter
Legal counsel
Long-term psychosocial support
Economic empowerment
Law enforcement/Police services
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3.0. OBJECTIVES
The overall objective of the assessment was to understand the GBV situation, prevention and
response strategies in Kogi and Ebonyi states, and to develop a referral directory for selected 30
MSCP-supported health facilities.
The following were the specific objectives of the assessment and service mapping:
Identify and document GBV knowledge and perception of stakeholder
Assess current prevention and response activities within Kogi and Ebonyi States
Highlight post-GBV care needs at the health facilities
Map existing GBV services in and around the MCSP focal communities and develop a
GBV referral directory for each state
4.0. METHODS
A rapid assessment of GBV was conducted using qualitative and quantitative methods. A
purposive sampling procedure was used to select respondents by convenience. This activity
lasted from 3rd-25th July, 2017. Two days of planning meetings were held from 3rd-5th July and a
detailed plan for field work was presented to MCSP technical team on 7th July at JHPIEGO office,
Abuja. The 10-day field visit held from 10th-21st July in both Kogi and Ebonyi States. Upon arrival
at the states, the State Project Associates and State Improvement Coordinators coordinated the
selection of 30 health facilities to be visited, which was based on client load and an equitable
geographical spread using the instrumentality of the state-based senatorial zones in each state.
4.1. Site selection
Thirty (30) health facilities were selected in each state with guidance from the MCSP State teams.
10 facilities were selected per senatorial zone and the criteria for selection was high volume
(patient load) and easy-to-access facilities. A total of 30 health facilities and 27 health facilities
(out of 30) were visited in Ebonyi and Kogi respectively. Inability to reach all 30 health facilities
was due to time constraint and travel distance required to access those facilities. The 3 facilities
that were not reached were inaccessible even via phone as their contact phone numbers were
switched off. Kogi State had more of secondary facilities in the sample than Ebonyi were mostly
primary health facilities. See table 5.1.
12 | P a g e
Table 4.1: Type of health facilities visited
FACILITY TYPE KOGI (n=27) EBONYI (n=30)
PRIMARY 10 (37%) 19 (63%)
SECONDARY 14 (52%) 10 (33%)
TERTIARY 3 (11%) 1 (3%)
4.2. Respondents
A total of 63 respondents (25 female/38males) in Kogi State and 78(54 females/24males)
respondents in Ebonyi State were interviewed. The respondents include:
Key informants at the SMOWASD, SMOH and LGA councils
Service providers at MCSP-supported health facilities
Contact persons at identified government and non-governmental organizations with GBV-
related function
Community leaders
4.3. Assessment Tools
Semi-structured questionnaires were developed and used for key informant interviews for
selected state and local government officers, health facility heads and heads of organizations
performing GBV referral functions or services. The tools for assessing health facility staff were
pre-tested prior to the field visit at National Hospital, Abuja and findings were incorporated and
the tool finalized for the assessment.
4.4. Data Collection
Quantitative and qualitative data were collected by the three (3) Consultants using face-to-face
interviews. The qualitative data were tape recorded and interviewers also took note of the
interactions which served as backups for the tape recording. Few respondents were not available
and had to be interviewed on the phone. Questions were asked to assess GBV knowledge and
perception, available GBV services and needs. Contextual information was also gathered from
community leaders who provided detailed information on GBV situation within their
communities. Names of referral organizations providing GBV services were gotten from the
13 | P a g e
SMOWASD, the state umbrella body for NGOs and from some organizations interviewed. The
inclusion criteria for selection of referral organizations in the referral directory were:
Organizations with women and children as their target group,
Those registered with either the state NGO umbrella body or SMOWASD and
Organizations with a post-GBV referral service as part of their core functions (including
legal and law-enforcement agencies).
Exclusion criteria were community social clubs and political groups. Twenty one (21)
organizations were chosen in Ebonyi, excluding three (3), while 20 were chosen in Kogi excluding
two (2). *Organizations without contact offices or functional phone contacts were also excluded.
4.5. Data Analysis Responses were transcribed from recordings and field notes and content analysis done to code
responses across different categories of respondents, groups, and the two states. Bivariate
analysis and simple frequencies were used for comparisons between the two states.
4.6. Limitations
Difficulty in meeting with government officials due to non-payment of staff salaries in
Kogi State, as some offices had to be visited up to 3 times before interviews could be
conducted. Also the MNCH week coincided with the 2nd week of the field work and some
health workers and State Ministry officers could not be seen physically.
Difficult-to-access sites. Due to the limited number of days assigned for field activity and
the long list of interviews to be conducted, facility visits were clustered according to
geographical locations. But travel time to some sites was as much as 8 hours to and fro
and upon arrival, health facility staff would have closed for the day and had to be
interviewed on the phone. Also, terrains that were extremely difficult to assess were
interviewed by telephone.
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5.0. MAJOR FINDINGS
5.1. Knowledge and perception of GBV
To measure respondent’s knowledge of GBV, interviewers sought to know whether they had
directly managed any cases, been involved in a GBV sensitization/course or if any GBV-related
programs were operational in respondent communities. GBV was defined and described to
respondents and they were asked to state if they have been involved in managing such situations
before. Very clear knowledge of GBV based on the description above scored (very good), clear
knowledge of GBV scored (good), limited knowledge of GBV scored (fair), no knowledge of GBV
at all scored (poor). GBV knowledge was also found to be increased with facility type as the
primary health facilities had the least knowledge followed by the secondary health facilities and
the tertiary facilities. See Table 5.1a&b.
“I have heard about this gender of a thing because I know a man working with KHAN that usually
goes to the neighboring PHC to collect data”- OIC, PHC Ayede
Table. 5.1a: Knowledge of GBV among service providers by level of facilities: Kogi
GBV KNOWLEDGE AMONG
SERVICE PROVIDERS
PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY
POOR 2 (7%)
FAIR 7 (26%) 3 (11%)
GOOD 1 (4%) 9 (33%) 1(4%)
VERY GOOD 2 (7%) 2 (7%)
Table 5.1b: Knowledge of GBV among service providers by level of facilities: Ebonyi
GBV KNOWLEDGE AMONG
SERVICE PROVIDERS
PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY
POOR 3 (10%) 3 (10%)
FAIR 12 (40%) 4 (13%)
GOOD 4 (13%) 3 (10%)
VERY GOOD 1 (7%)
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Table 5.1c: GBV knowledge among service providers: Comparing Kogi and Ebonyi states
GBV KNOWLEDGE AMONG
SERVICE PROVIDERS
EBONYI KOGI
VERY GOOD 1 (3%) 2 (8%)
GOOD 6 (20%) 11 (41%)
FAIR 17 (57%) 12 (44%)
POOR 6 (20%) 2 (8%)
In a chat with the medical director at GH, Idah he said “it is not culturally acceptable here for a
doctor [man] to ask a woman if her husband beat her...” GBV cases especially IPV are perceived
as ‘family matters’ and not requiring unnecessary intrusion from outsiders.
Respondents in both states also cited religious beliefs and inability of some men to cater for their
families due to recent economic conditions as pre-disposing factors exacerbating GBV
prevalence. From the chats with community leaders and CBOs, culture is identified as an
important factor affecting GBV. Male dominance especially in mutual relationships, seems to be
accepted as a norm.
It is enshrined in the culture that sexually transmitted disease (STD) resides in
the woman and it is called ‘nsi nwanyi’ which means woman’s poison. So a man
who contracts STD can send the wife away because she is the carrier.’ Also when
a woman is being beaten, nobody comes to her rescue or settles the case. It is
seen as family matter”- Mrs. Ugo Ndukwe Uduma, E.D SMLAS
“Most times women are the source of
their violence, some women are lazy
and have subjected themselves to the
mercies of men”
- Women Leader, Afikpo South, Ebonyi
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5.2. Common forms of GBV occurring in the community
The commonest form of GBV said to be occurring in the surrounding
community was rape affecting more of female minors in Ebonyi and adult
females in Kogi according to 44% of clinic respondents in Kogi and 42% in
Ebonyi, with the second commonest type as IPV (see figure 5.2a, 5.2b &
5.2c). Rape was found to be reported more by service providers in the
secondary and tertiary health facilities (than primary health facilities).
The explanation given was that for medico-legal reasons, a secondary or
tertiary health facility was required to establish the diagnosis. FGM was
more popular in Ebonyi (than Kogi) as a cultural practice and type of GBV,
though practice was said to be minimal in recent times.
Fig.5.2a: Common types of GBV occurring in the community
05
101520253035404550
Common type of GBV in community
Kogi (%) Ebonyi (%)
“You know this is a Muslim
community where the ‘yes’
of a man is ýes’ to the extent
that women need to take
permission to come to clinic,
even when their husbands
are not around”– CNO,
Korton Karfe GH, Kogi State
17 | P a g e
Fig. 5.2b common form of GBV in the community as reported by service providers (Kogi)
The high rate of rape reported may be due to the fact that more of secondary (than primary)
facilities were visited in Kogi State. Service providers felt that the prevalence of IPV may be very
high but they rarely needed medical attention and hardly presented at the health facilities.
In a chat with a social welfare officer at Kogi SMOWASD, she was of the opinion that economic
violence was the highest form of GBV in Kogi State presently. According to her, most men do not
provide for their family leaving women to carry the financial burden. “.. Though this can lead to
domestic violence” she added.
PATESI PHC
IKUEHI PHC
OZIOKOTU PHC
AYEDE PHC
OFUGO CHC
OKENE GH
OKENGWE GH
KOTON KARFE GH
ST. JOHN'S CATHOLIC HOSP
IDAH GH
OKPO GH
GRIMARD MISSION HOSP
ASCL MED CENTRE
KSUTH ANYIGBA
NA
ME
OF
FAC
ILIT
Y
COMMON FORM OF GBV IN COMMUNITY: KOGI
SECONDARY TERTIARY PRIMARY FACILITY TYPE
PSYCHOLOGICAL V.
FGM
IPV
DON’T KNOW
CHILD MARRIAGE/CHILD
ABUSE
ECONOMIC V.
RAPE
18 | P a g e
Fig. 5.2c: Common form of GBV in the community as reported by service providers (Ebonyi)
“In most areas in Ebonyi state, GBV is synonymous to FGM so there is need for sensitization”- CLAP
Program Manager
Among the NGOs, common GBV cases seen included rape of minors, IPV, child abuse and ‘love
deal’. N/B: Cases referred to as love deal involve intimate relationships where a man walks out
on a woman after getting her pregnant, and is classified under psychological violence.
Enquiring about the prevalence of FGM, interviewees in Kogi said it was not an issue of concern
though it was practiced in the Okun communities in Kabba and Yagba areas. In Ebonyi, massive
sensitization was said to have reduced FGM to a barest minimum in recent times.
PRIMARY
AmaekwuAgwunwu
AzumramuraMCH AzuiyiokwuNew TimbershedOnuebonyi MDGAzuakpara MDG
Nwezenyi HCObegu Ikenyi
ObiozaraNguzu Edda
Odeligbo HCEkoli EddaOdomowo
EchialikeNgbo Maternity
Ezzamgbo MaternityAmuzu
MCH OnuekeMile 4 Mission
St. Vincent Mission HospitalIboko GH
Itim Ukwu GHOkposi GH
Owutu Edda GHRural Improvement Mission
GH OnuekePresbyterian Joint Hosp
Mater MisraecordeaFed. Teaching Hosp.
COMMON FORM OF GBV IN COMMUNITY: EBONYI
SECONDARY TERTIARY FACILITY TYPE
RAPE
ECONOMIC V.
IPV
CHILD ABUSE/CHILD
MARRIAGE
DON’T KNOW
PSYCHOLOGIC V.
FGM
19 | P a g e
5.3. GBV Policies and laws
At the State ministries and LGA offices, there was a general knowledge of the existence of
national and state laws/policies pertaining to GBV though none could be sighted. Among the non-
governmental organizations, almost all were aware of GBV laws/policies but usage of any of the
laws was far higher in Kogi (70%) than Ebonyi (13%) (see Fig. 5.4). This may be attributable to the
fact that most of the community-based organizations dealing with women and children in Kogi
are implementers of the SMILE Project that deals with OVCs and has a GBV component.
GBV-related laws and policies seen in different NGOs
Fig. 5.3: Usage of GBV Policy
Ebonyi has a legislation against GBV called Ebonyi State Protection against Domestic Violence
Law, 2005 which the Family Law center said they use to prosecute IPV cases. Kogi state on the
other hand, is in the process of domesticating the Gender and Equal Opportunity and Violence
against Persons Prohibition (VAPP) Act, which is currently undergoing amendments. In a chat
with the Executive Director of PIBCID, she explained that at the International Women’s Day, 2017
FIDA in conjunction with other gender stakeholders in the state, solicited the support of the state
government for the passage of the bill.
0%
50%
100%
KOGI EBONYI
USAGE OF GBV POLICY
YES NO
20 | P a g e
5.4. Post-GBV care provided at the health facilities
Survivors are said to seek care usually when physical injuries are serious and need medical
attention except for rape cases that are usually referred to the higher level facilities. Facility staff
interviewed in both states admitted that the rate of seeking health care among survivors is very
low.
“I remember when one of our staff was beaten up by the husband, she told us she hit her head
on the wall”- Nurse, Kogi State
Fig. 5.4a: Post-GBV care given at the health facilities
All clinic respondents in both states offer medical care to GBV survivors when they present
ranging from treating physical wounds to managing sexual violence with pregnancy test, HIV
and STD screening and counselling and PEP administration. Some service providers (15 in
Ebonyi and 19 in Kogi) offered some form of psychosocial counselling to survivors (Fig. 5.4).
Fig. 5.4b: HIV test pack and Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) used for sexual violence cases
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Medical Counselling Referral
Post-GBV Care at Health Facilities
Kogi Ebonyi
Even when survivors present at the clinic with obvious symptoms of
GBV, they rarely opened up to the service provider
21 | P a g e
Only 3 respondents in Kogi and 2 in Ebonyi admitted to have ever referred survivors for post-GBV
care and the referrals were said to be to the police. These survivors went on their own and were
not usually followed up. At the secondary health facilities however, survivors were brought by
the police for medical care.
Most survivors in Ebonyi (62%) felt that underage female GBV cases were seen more at the
facilities while 74% in Kogi said they see more of adult women cases (see table 5.5). As the Police
PRO in Kogi explained, most cases of minors are reported by their caregivers as against adults
who may wish to conceal what happened and not seek care.
Table 5.4: Health facility OICs’ responses on the category of GBV survivors (age group)
Age group of survivor Ebonyi (n=30) Kogi (n=27)
Child/teenage 16 (53%) 6 (22%)
Adult 11 (37%) 20 (74%)
Elderly 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Don’t know 3 (10%) 1 (4%)
Survivor story
Amaka (not real name) is a 13 year old girl who was abused and impregnated by her step-father, a
storekeeper. Her mother who is deaf and dumb and unemployed was nursing a baby at that time.
She was taken in by her maternal grandmother who tried to abort the pregnancy which she claimed
was a taboo. Amaka ran away from the village and was directed to the Child Welfare unit, SMOWASD,
Kogi. The case was taken up by the Ministry in collaboration with Child Protection Network and the
stepfather was arrested and taken to court. Meanwhile her mother pleaded for the release of her
husband as she had no other source of income. Amaka was housed by the Director till she was almost
due for delivery. The SMoWASD and CSOs helped to rally donations for her medical bills. Amaka had
to have an elective C/S for small pelvis and was delivered safely. She was then moved to a church
orphanage home with her baby and they are both doing well. The court hearing was still pending as
at the time of this assessment.
No service provider interviewed had ever referred a GBV case to the social welfare
department for long term psychosocial support
22 | P a g e
5.5. Current GBV programs and services
Table 5.5: Summary of GBV referral services available in Ebonyi & Kogi
GBV REFERRAL SERVICE EBONYI KOGI
Long-term psychosocial counselling
Available in some health facilities for sexual violence victims Hardly provided for other GBV cases Provided by social welfare unit situated in LGA
Available in some health facilities for sexual violence victims Hardly provided for other GBV cases Provided by social welfare unit situated in LGA
Legal service Family law center, FIDA, NGOs State laws exist yet low rate of prosecution Not linked to health facility
Family court, FIDA, NGOs No state GBV law. Difficult to prosecute Not linked with health facility
Law enforcement Police not adequately funded to respond to GBV Not linked with health facility Enlightenment required
Police not adequately funded to respond to GBV Not linked with health facility Enlightenment required
Safe house/emergency shelter No state-owned yet SMLAS, NSCDC have shelter NAPTIP & Family law center staff volunteer
No state-owned DACA & DCI have shelter SMOWASD staff volunteer
Economic empowerment Seed grants through ‘Women wey get sense’ cooperative (State Govt. project) Some NGOs provide
No identified state project currently Some NGOs provide with donor-funded projects
Social re-integration Skill acquisition projects at LGA are not steady, depend on available funds Some NGOs provide with donor-funded projects
No state/LGA skill acquisition currently functional Some NGOs provide with donor-funded projects
Community mobilization & advocacy
SMOH, SMOWASD, LGA Councils, health facilities, all NGOs
SMOH, SMOWASD, LG councils, health facilities, all NGOs
Referrals SMOWASD, most NGOs (see referral matrix)
KONGONET, AYON, Child Protection Network Committee, most NGOs (See referral matrix)
5.5.1. Oversight and Implementation of GBV Activities in the states
The SMOH oversees GBV activities while the SMOWASD is responsible for implementation.
However the Gender focal persons in the ministries in both states seemed not to have much
responsibilities concerning GBV matters and most information were given by the Directors. The
gender desk officers in SMOH at Kogi and Ebonyi had not handled any gender-related activity in
the past year. The SMOH is found to have oversight function while the SMOWASD is responsible
for women and children programs. In both states these include community sensitization and
23 | P a g e
mobilization, social and economic empowerment projects. One of such economic empowerment
projects found operational in Ebonyi is the MCSP supported savings and loans cooperative club
named “Women wey get sense” and domiciled within the SMOWASD. There are also awareness
campaigns for women and child rights championed by the wives of the state governors and run
by the SMOWASD. In Ebonyi, the SMOWASD and Ebonyi State Community and Social
Development Project performed GBV-related activities such as providing seed grants for women,
community mobilization and skills acquisition. In Kogi State, most GBV-related activities in the
SMOWASD were on hold due to lack of funds therefore, there is no palpable GBV prevention or
response activity running currently. One of the striking deficits for post-GBV response identified
in both states is the lack of a state-owned emergency shelter for GBV survivors, though a couple
of organizations run safe houses. The Director of Women Affairs, SMOWASD mentioned several
outlined activities that could mitigate GBV but had been stalled due to poor funding. The state-
owned FAREC previously known for skill acquisition was no longer functioning. There was also
poor coordination within the Kogi SMOWASD as GBV cases were handled directly by the Social
Welfare Department, whereas the gender desk officer was situated in Women Affairs
Department. The social welfare units of the LGAs (situated in the LG councils) in both states are
poorly funded and ill-equipped to carry out GBV-supportive functions as well as difficult to access
by far away communities. There is no strong referral pathway between the social welfare and the
health facilities. The LGA Social Welfare departments said they offer psychosocial counselling,
social re-integration, community mobilization and advocacy and sensitization programs
whenever funds were available. They settle family cases through dialogue and involving
community leaders. The social welfare officers in Abakiliki, Dekina and Lokoja said they saw more
of child right cases, provided some vocational skill acquisition, psychosocial counselling and
dispute resolution.
“We usually see a lot of GBV cases when we go out for outreach but we usually don’t
know how to help them. We will like an MSCP representative to join us in one of our
outreach to see for themselves”- OIC Nwaezenyi, Izzi- Ebonyi State
24 | P a g e
5.5.2. GBV Activities by other government agencies
The gender units at the state headquarters of the Nigerian Police Force and National Security and
Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) were interviewed in both states. The GBV cases they handled were
mostly Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and rape of minors. The officers interviewed had just fair
knowledge of GBV and associated laws and policies. Cases were handled by alternative dispute
resolution or prosecution by law. Financial constraints, weak laws and stigmatization were
mentioned as barriers to performing their GBV functions and solicited that partnership with
donor organizations would augment their efforts. The desk officer interviewed at National
Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) expressed that GBV response was
financially demanding and hence becoming difficult with the economic situation in the country.
NAPTIP catered for trafficked persons by offering rehabilitation and re-integration. Interview
with National Television Authority (NTA) in Ebonyi revealed that the media plays a crucial role in
the sensitization on FGM as they had produced documentaries on FGM funded by UNICEF,
UNFPA and Child Protection Network.
5.5.3. GBV Activities by other non-governmental organizations (CBOs, CSOs, FBOs)
Among CSOs, CBOs and FBOs that handle women and child right issues, in both states, there was
high level of awareness of both national and state levels GBV-related laws. Ebonyi has a
legislation against GBV called Ebonyi State Protection against Domestic Violence Law, 2005. Kogi
state on the other hand, is still in the process of domesticating the Violence against Persons
Prohibition (VAPP, 2015) Act. There was however, a higher rate of usage of GBV policies and
guidelines among the organizations in Kogi (70%) than Ebonyi (21%).
Most organizations visited were found to be performing more than one GBV referral service but
majorly focusing on community mobilization and advocacy with a very minimal combination of
other functions such as psychosocial counselling, social integration, economic empowerment,
legal and law enforcement services for post-GBV survivors. However, where these services or
functions exists, they are located in urban areas which makes it very difficult for GBV survivors to
access due to distance and transportation costs from community of abode where the health
facilities are located. It is worth noting that the few services available through some NGOs are
mostly international donor driven and-dependent. Two GBV programs were identified to be
25 | P a g e
operational in three facilities visited in Kogi (the SMILE Program and CIHP GBV Program) and
those health facilities were the only ones that had contacts with any organization performing
GBV functions and in this case the police.
5.5.4. Health:
In both states, GBV health services are provided through the government-owned health facilities
that may be supported by donor-funded programs. At the SMOWASD, GBV cases needing
medical attention are funded by special grants from the Ministry and also by collaboration with
NGOs. Among the NGO focal persons visited, 25% interviewed in Kogi and 65% in Ebonyi said
they provide direct health services for GBV survivors. When probed the services were found to
be free HIV and STI services and OVC programs supported by the state agencies or donor
partners.
5.5.5. Long-term psychosocial support:
The health facilities in both states also claimed to offer some sort of psychosocial counselling to
survivors when identified, usually through their HIV counsellors.
The social welfare department which is meant to provide psychosocial counselling as part of its
functions is usually situated in the LGA secretariats, with no officer in the hospitals. The only
social welfare officer found within a hospital was in FMC, Lokoja which is owned by the Federal
government. They are usually hard-to-reach from the interior communities. In the interview with
the head of social welfare, FMC, Lokoja he explained that GBV clients usually were given about 3
appointments for counselling but that most cases dropped out due to settlement. He added “We
used to have a place [in Lokoja] for rehabilitation that runs like twice in a year, where they teach
them sewing, hairdressing, soap-making”. When asked about conducting house visits he said,
“Funding is a challenge for follow-up because most times you burn your own fuel to visit cases”.
There is no social welfare officer attached to the state hospitals
26 | P a g e
5.5.6. Legal services:
Ebonyi and Kogi states have family courts that settle IPV cases. These cases are usually filed
through the police and the FMOWASD. In Ebonyi state the law on GBV makes it easier to
prosecute GBV perpetrators. In Kogi where the law is still in the process, it is said that very few
cases pull through the legal system and offenders are rarely punished. In Ebonyi, the respondent
at the Family Law Center estimated their average number of cases in the past year at 300. In Kogi
however, the family court was not visited but the average number of IPV cases as recorded by
the social welfare department of the SMOWASD in the past year was about 45. In both states,
officers interviewed were of the opinion that with alternative dispute resolution, perpetrators of
GBV were hardly ever prosecuted as survivors were usually encouraged to settle cases amicably.
An exact number of fully prosecuted GBV cases could not be obtained but according to them,
most women would withdraw rape and IPV cases for reasons such as family settlement, shame
and stigmatization.
5.5.7. Law enforcement:
The state Police command in Ebonyi had an assigned gender desk called “Juvenile and Women
Cases” (JWC) and headed by a female officer. While
discussing with the PPRO, he raised questions on
whether GBV laws and policies existed and if the Police
could be given copies. According to him the Criminal
Code is used by the Police for GBV cases and does not
specifically cover beyond the criminal aspect of GBV
(mostly rape). He advocated for support from
organizations for GBV prevention and response
activities as funding was a challenge with the police. Ebonyi Police has emergency call lines made
available to the public. In Kogi State Police Head-Quarters, the officer that handled GBV cases
(the head of the Family Unit), was on leave during the field visit and the other members of her
team did not have much information on how GBV matters were handled. The investigation officer
who was introduced as Gender Officer, complained that she had just seen a few child cases but
was not adequately equipped to handle cases of violated women. It could not be ascertained if
all the Police divisions in both states had gender desk officers presently. *Coincidentally, the only
Meeting with NSCDC State Commandant, Ebonyi
27 | P a g e
2 interviewees in Kogi that said the Gender desk office in the Area Command was functional
happened to be legal persons.
Stigmatization, cultural, family values and lack of funds for investigation were listed as
commonest reasons for pulling out unresolved GBV cases. Only one clinic visited in Ebonyi (Mgbo
Maternity) had access to a police contact to call when referring GBV cases that needed police
action. In Kogi, only 2 (ASCL and ZH Ankpa) out of the 27 clinics had police phone numbers from
previous GBV programs.
*According to available literature, the VAPP Act (only used in FCT, Abuja currently) supersedes
the Penal/Criminal Code in that it provides for elimination of violence in private and public places
and provides maximum protection and effective remedies for survivors.
At the NSCDC, the Peace and Conflict Resolution unit handles GBV cases through alternative
dispute resolution and resorting to prosecution in critical cases. They organize awareness
campaigns at the community level which serves as a preventive measure against family disputes.
The NAPTIP handles GBV cases by prosecuting offenders and organizing for psychosocial
counselling and social re-integration for trafficked persons. They also perform sensitization
through awareness campaigns and stakeholder advocacy meetings.
Survivor story
Ngozi (not real name) is a widow who lost her husband, a soldier in active service in the fight
against insurgency in the North East. She returned to her husband’s village with their children
and his family reluctantly accommodated them. According to her, her husband’s brothers
started abusing her sexually and also abused her 3year old daughter. The child was brought
to the police with physical evidence of sexual assault and severe infections. As the case
progressed, the police went into the village to arrest the accused, only for the widow to be
thrown out by the villagers. They said they never had cases with police until she came to their
village. When she could not cope anymore, she was forced to drop the case so she could be
accepted back into her husband’s family.
Commonest reasons for withdrawing GBV cases from the police and courts
include family settlement, marital values, lack of funds to support police
investigations, fear of insecurity, stigmatization.
28 | P a g e
5.5.8. Safe house/shelter:
Both states do not currently have state-owned shelter for GBV survivors. In Ebonyi, the state
government has provided a space through the Family Law Center which is yet to be functional.
Ebonyi had 2 safe houses identified at NSCDC & SMLAS. Officials of NAPTIP and the Family Law
Center said they provide emergency shelter through volunteer member of staff. In Kogi 2 NGOs
(DCI & DACA) provide shelter for GBV survivors and SMOWASD staff also volunteer to house GBV
survivors.
5.5.9. Community mobilization and advocacy:
Community mobilization and advocacy campaigns that pertain to
GBV existed in the state ministries, though focused mainly on
female genital mutilation in Ebonyi than Kogi. Most of the NGOs
said they carry out community mobilization and advocacy through
outreaches, posters and the mass media. At the health facilities,
some staff mentioned that their awareness campaigns on
Respectful Maternity Care would help to prevent GBV in the
community.
5.5.10. Capacity of Service Providers to provide post-GBV care:
Findings showed that the health service providers interviewed in both states had a fair knowledge
of GBV (57% in Ebonyi and 44% in Kogi), and knowledge seemed to increase with the higher level
health facilities (secondary and tertiary). Health providers were found to generally lack the
capacity to provide basic first-line support to GBV survivors as very few service providers were
aware of, or ever referred GBV survivors to referral services and have never received any form of
training on gender-based violence.
‘’It is common for men to beat their wives but
we as elders try to solve every case. Infact the
traditional ruler would not be happy if anyone
involves the police in such case’’- Community
leader, Aiyede, Kogi
29 | P a g e
5.6. Referral organizations
Fig. 5.6a: Target population covered by the NGO referral organizations
N/B: The referral organizations interviewed for inclusion in the referral directory include the
governmental law-enforcement agencies. The non-governmental organizations (CBOs, CSOs and
FBOs) interviewed were those that handled women and child right cases (see figure 5.6a).
Fig. 5.6b: Type of Referral Organizations Kogi and Ebonyi
Twenty (20) organizations were contacted in Kogi and 21 in Ebonyi (see Referral matrix in
annexes) and none was found to handle purely GBV cases. All the organizations interviewed in
both states performed community sensitization and advocacy as a direct service, and usually
referred GBV survivors for medical, legal and law enforcement services. Other services such as
social and economic empowerment projects and IEC sensitization were found to be donor-
dependent.
0
5
10
15
20
25
Women/Youth Children PLHIV IDP Others
Target Population of Referral Organizations
Kogi Ebonyi
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
GOVT
INT. NGO
NAT. NGO
TYPE OF REF. ORGANIZATION-EBONYI
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
GOVT
NATIONAL NGO
INT. NGO
TYPE OF REF. ORGANIZATION: KOGI
30 | P a g e
Fig.5.6c: Number of cases seen in the past year by the referral organizations
Figure 5.6c. shows the average number of GBV cases seen by the referral organizations. When
asked about enrollment protocol, it was discovered that most of the organizations had some
donor-funding (see fig. 5.6d) and therefore enrollment protocol involved enlisting specific target
groups for projects. However, very few could show written protocol.
Fig 5.6d. Source of funding for referral organizations
All organizations interviewed offered free services and typically operate between 8am to 4pm,
Mondays to Saturdays. Collaboration with other organizations was common and most of them
offered direct services and also referred when necessary. However, most organizations including
the CBOs have their operational offices in the state capital with field officers that visit rural sites
on scheduled visits. NGOs were found to identify survivors by outreaches to communities,
referrals from the public, other organizations and volunteers from the community, or by the
survivors coming themselves (see fig. 5.7.5).
0
5
10
15
20
INTERNALLYGENERATED
DONOR GOVT
FUNDING: EBONYI
0 5 10 15 20
0-20
21-50
>50
EBONYI
0
5
10
15
20
INTERNALLYGENERATED
DONORFUNDED
GOVT
FUNDING: KOGI
0 2 4 6 8 10
0-20
21-50
>50
KOGI
CSOs and CBOs are usually situated in the urban centers
31 | P a g e
Fig. 5.6e: Strategies used in identifying Survivors
When asked about challenges issues raised include insufficient funds, ignorance, weak
enforcement of laws, low level of reporting cases due to stigma, fear of safety and poverty, poor
collaboration, etc.
“The cost of responding to GBV is higher than the cost of prevention so why not stop it from happening in the first place” – Program Manager, Ebonyi Humanity Foundation
Meeting with DOVENET, Ebonyi
23
9
22
IDENTIFYING SURVIVORS: EBONYI REFS
SMILE Program
2013-2018
Consortium led by CRS, in partnership
with other donors including USAID
In 5 states including Kogi
Focused on scaling up care and support
for OVCs and their caregivers
Implemented by CSOs in the different
communities
Community volunteers are trained to
refer GBV to health workers in the
community
In St. Joseph’s Catholic Hospital, Kabba
implemented by KHAN
16
5
16
SELF REPORT OUTREACH REFERRALS
IDENTIFYING SURVIVORS: KOGI REFS
32 | P a g e
The SMILE Program in Kogi has a GBV component that is operational in St. John’s Catholic
Hospital, Kabba. Two (2) facility staff were said to have been trained on GBV earlier in the year
to identify and provide psychosocial counselling and HIV/STI screening and prophylaxis for GBV
survivors. Average number of all GBV cases from the register was about 1 per month in the past
6 months. When probed about the low number of recorded cases, the GBV focal person
explained that they were yet to have any community awareness activity or assignment of
community volunteers as at the time of the field visit.
Fig. 5.6f: GBV registers seen in the health facilities
CIHP GBV Project CIHP Kogi is also found to have a GBV component running in 10 sites (out of
the 27 visited), Ayingba, Idah, FMC Lokoja, State Specialist hospital, Obangede GH, Ankpa GH,
Dekina GH, Holley-Memorial Hospital, Okene ZH, Okpo GH and ASCL Medical Center.
Figure 5.6g: GBV referral directory developed for CIHP by CLAP, Kogi in 2015
However the GBV monitoring tools were only seen in 1 facility (ASCL Medical Center). In a chat
with the CIHP GBV focal person, she explained that the program had partnered with CBOs, the
police and FIDA members. Key staff in a few facilities were trained to identify and capture GBV
cases in the tools but that the 2nd batch of staff trainings and sensitization for the community
33 | P a g e
level had not happened due to lack of funds and imminent close out later this year. A GBV
referral directory was sighted in CLAP office, Lokoja although no copy was found in any health
facility.
6.0. Challenges
Though GBV is health related, service providers do not feel they have a role in the
management of survivors besides medical care. Doctors at secondary health facilities
usually encounter GBV survivors amidst very tight clinic schedules but social welfare
officers should counsel them. Some service providers expressed concern that looking out
for GBV survivors may add ‘extra work load’ to their already strained manpower.
The LGA social welfare unit may not be adequately functional to provide long-term
psychosocial counselling as they are usually situated far away from the communities in
the LGA council; besides they have no offices within the health facilities.
The most affected survivors usually are of low socio-economic status. They can hardly
afford transport money to access referral services in the cities.
Majority of the NGOs though operational in the communities have offices in the state
capitals which is difficult to access by survivors coming from farther health facilities and
none of the organizations interviewed offered pick-up or free transportation.
7.0. Recommendations
Engage and sensitize all relevant stakeholders through an expanded stakeholder
advocacy meetings involving state officials, selected service providers, community
heads, police, legal officers, community leaders, CSOs, CBOs and FBOs, etc.
Establish contact person and phone number from the police divisions, buy-in of NGOs
to support linking of referral services to clinics and increased GBV awareness.
Carry out massive sensitization at state, local government and community levels.
Design and develop information, education and communication materials on GBV.
Build capacity of health staff to respond adequately to GBV
Map out a clear referral pathway and protocol to monitor clinic referrals and ensure
survivors access the required care.
34 | P a g e
Carry out further studies to understand the peculiar socio-cultural factors that affect
GBV in various communities.
8.0. Conclusion
Gender-based violence is an issue of concern in Ebonyi and Kogi states but presently not being
responded to adequately. Rape was reported to be the commonest form of GBV occurring in the
selected communities, with minors more affected in Ebonyi than adult cases in Kogi; this was
followed by intimate partner violence (IPV). Though most cases go unreported, GBV survivors
seek care in the health facilities. The health service providers may not have the expertise to
respond to GBV and few referral services that exist are poorly linked with the health facilities. It
became impractical to develop a referral directory reflecting services available for each facility
visited because such services did not exist within the communities. The referral organizations
were found to be mostly international donor-funded and hence donor-dependent. The legal and
law-enforcement agencies on the other hand are limited in their response due to weak
enforcement of GBV-related laws, financial constraints and unwillingness of survivors to pursue
legal action. The existing government structure for social services through the SMOWASD and LG
social welfare departments is skeletal and not properly coordinated. The strong socio-cultural
factors surrounding GBV make isolated medical care inadequate therefore, there is need to
strengthen the capacity of the service providers on GBV case management and massive
sensitization of all stakeholders and multi-sectoral collaboration amongst GBV actors to ensure
optimal health outcome of GBV survivors. One referral directory has been developed for each of
the two states.
9.0. Next steps
Disseminate findings at the state and health facilities to highlight gaps and promote
better case management
Finalize referral directory for Ebonyi and Kogi states, print and disseminate.
35 | P a g e
10.0. Annexes ANNEX 1: CONTACT LIST FOR HEALTH FACILITIES VISITED EBONYI STATE ANNEX 2: CONTACT LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS INTERVIEWED AND PERSONS MET EBONYI ANNEX 3: CONTACT LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS INTERVIEWED AND PERSONS MET IN KOGI ANNEX 4: TABLE SHOWING FACILITIES VISITED IN EBONYI STATE ANNEX 5: TABLE SHOWING FACILITIES VISITED IN KOGI STATE ANNEX 6: RELEVANT KEY INFORMANTS (STAKEHOLDERS) ANNEX 7: QUESTION GUIDE FOR SMOH/SMOWASD/LGA FOCAL PERSONS ANNEX 8: GBV RAPID ASSESSMENT TOOL ANNEX 9: GBV ASSESSMENT/REFERRAL SERVICE MAPPING ANNEX 10: GBV ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TEMPLATE ANNEX 11: REFERRAL ORGANIZATION SUMMARY TEMPLATE ANNEX 12: STATE MINISTRIES/LGA SUMMARY TEMPLATE ANNEX 13: ASSESSMENT WORKPLAN
10.1. Photo gallery
MEETINGS AT JHPIEGO ABUJA
36 | P a g e
PHOTO GALLERY EBONYI
OIC Patesi GH Kabba
Meeting with Child Protection Network
@ Methodist Care Ministry @CIRDDOC
With Traditional
ruler,Ikwo LGA
Meeting @ Izzi LGA
Meeting @SMOWASD
Copy of a state policy against FGM
GBV Manual seen @ Dovenet
@ Ebonyi SMOH
@ WIDOWCare
@Ezzamgbo Maternity,Ohaukwu
Meeting with SUCCDEV
37 | P a g e
EBONYI CONTD..
@ NTA Ebonyi
Meeting with Ebony Humanity
Foundation @ NAPTIP Ebonyi
@ Mile 4 Mission Hosp.
With Director of SMLAS
@ Ebonyi Comm. & Social Devt. Agency
JHPIEGO Office, Ebonyi @ NGBO PHC
@ Ebonyi NPF Command MEETING WITH FIDA @Family law centre
Meeting with traditional leader Izzi
38 | P a g e
PHOTO GALLERY - KOGI
@ DEDAN, Ivo LGA
Meeting @ VOFCA
E.D Youth & Women’s Health
Empowerment Project
Lokoja LGA Secratariat
With social welfare officer, FMC
Lokoja E.D PIBCID
At KOSACA Building
2ND I.C PHC Ikuehi
Gender Focal Person, ASCL Med. Centre
Matron, St. Joseph Catholic
Hospital, Kabba
Cases @ Abakiliki Social Welfare Dept
Chat with St. Cord. Of CLAP
39 | P a g e
KOGI (CONTD.)
Staff of GH Okengwe
Chat with Ayede Community leader
Health workers @Korton Karfe GH
With OIC Patesi
Chat with PRO,NSCDC
@ Justice for Women & Children
Chambers
Mrs. Roseline Alabi,GBV Survivor &
founder DCI
GH Okpo
Social welfare officer,Dekina GBV Screening register seen @St. Joseph
Hosp
@GH Kabba With Staff of Ogigiri PHC
40 | P a g e
@ DEGENGER Initiative
@ MOH Kogi Interview with Investigation
officer, Police Area Command
41 | P a g e
ANNEX 1: CONTACT LIST FOR HEALTH FACILITIES VISITED EBONYI STATE
s/n Name Of Health Facility Level of Care LGA Name Contact of OIC Senatorial
Zone
1 Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Tertiary Ebonyi
Dr. Obum Ezeanosike
08036741420
Ebonyi North
2 Mile Four Mission Hospital Secondary Ebonyi
Georgina Ndulaku Uzonwanne
08037150653 07039021143
3 MCH Azuiyiokwu Primary Abakaliki
Elizabeth Odoh
08067576862
4 New Timbershed Primary Abakaliki
Beatrice Ogbonna
08039470397
5 Onuebonyi MDG Primary Abakaliki Nweke Joy 07037212142
6 Azuakpara MDG Primary Abakaliki
Onu Justina E.
07036848655
7 Nwezenyi Health Centre Primary Izzi
Mrs Isute Cecelia
08070673082
8 St. Vincent Mission Hospital Secondary Izzi
Rev. Sis Perpetua Ezejimofo
08037503600
9 General Hospital Iboko Secondary Izzi Dr Okpo Solomon
08037416285
10 Obegu Ikenyi MDG Primary Izzi
Felicia Inyimeagu
07061362363
11 Matermisericordea Mission Hospital Secondary Afikpo North
Mrs Uhere Angela
08052993671
Ebonyi South
12 Amaekwu HC Primary Afikpo North Chioma Amadi
08165436575
13 General Hospital itim Ukwu Secondary Afikpo North
Pricilia A. 08168720992
14 Presbyterian Joint Hospital Secondary Ohaozara
Matthew Offia
07037251838
15 Obiozara PHC Primary Ohaozara Ekwe Patricia 08066615428
16 General Hospital Okposi
Secondary Ohaozara
Eze Okoroeze Shunamite
07061115500
17 Agugwu PHC Primary Ohaozara
Uche Rose Mba
08083612489
18 Nguzu Edda HC Primary Afikpo South Egbechi Imo 08025975619
19 Ekoli Edda HC Primary Afikpo South
Comfort Nnnachi
08064036977
20 General Hospital Owutu-Edda Secondary
Afikpo South Nkama Christiana
08032410870
42 | P a g e
ANNEX 2: CONTACT LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS INTERVIEWED AND PERSONS MET IN EBONYI
S/No NAME ORGANISATION EMAIL PHONE NO
1 Dr. Boniface O. Onwe
SPM SOML MCSP Focal Person
[email protected] 08153905016
2 Elder Mrs. Odi Ogbonna Okoro
DPHRS [email protected] 08067071852
3 Rowland Ngozi C. Gender Desk Officer, SMOH Abakaliki
[email protected] 08063566149
4 Mary Jane Ikechukwu Nwobodo
Reproductive Health/ Safe Motherhood Coordinator SMoH
[email protected] 08107244595
5 Mrs Christiana Ogbu
Director/ Acting Perm Sec SMoWASD
[email protected] 08038735610
6 Mrs Christiana Ogbu
Dir. Social Welfare, SMOWASD
[email protected] 08038735610
7 Ibina, Marcillina N.
DD/HOD/Women Affairs
8 Anyigor, Jacob E. PHCC/ HOD, Ikwo LGA 08068072933
9 Deaconness Stella Okuri
DEDAN Programme Manager
08063344376
10 Ogodo Salome Ass HOD Social Welafre Unit, Ohaukwu LGA
07063709265
11 Eje Sussana O. Social Welfare Staff Ohaukwu LGA
07039469941
12 Deaconess Stella Okuri-Eze
Executive Director DEDAN
07068209852
21 Odeligbo Health Centre Primary Ikwo Dr Eziashi 08035317703
Ebonyi Central
22 Odomowo HC Primary Ikwo
Rebecca Igbali
07012570448
23 Rural Improvement Mission Secondary Ikwo
Charity Iroche
09029583554
24 Echialike Health Centre Primary Ikwo
Patricia Atuma
08063170862
25 Azuramura HC Ezza North Ezza North Princess 08065750447
26 Ngbo Maternity Primary Ohaukwu
Onwe Ngozi Susan Igwe, Ass OIC
07010287281 07031571603
27 Ezzamgbo Maternity Primary Ohaukwu Eke Elizabeth 08061670101
28 General Hospital Onueke Secondary Ezza South Arisi Josephine
07064610100
29 MCH Onueke Primary Ezza South Geraldine Nweke
07030915720
30 Amuzu HC Primary Ezza South Orji Maureen 08034721133
43 | P a g e
13 Ikechukwu Ogbonna
DEDAN 08166088533
14 Okoro Sunday DEDAN 08063344376
15 Miss Grace Agbo Project manager WIDOWCARE
08033431993
16 Victoria Ebere Eze
CEO, PDA, Afikpo North 08108381442
17 Prof Eugene Nweke
VOFCA, Abakaliki [email protected] 08035264939
18 Mrs Ugo Ndukwe Uduma
Executive Director, SMLAS, Abakaliki
[email protected] 08035010168
19 Charity Odio Gender Desk Officer, SMLAS, Abakaliki
[email protected] 07033706538
20 Emma Ogharu Program Coordinator, , SMLAS, Abakaliki
[email protected] 08134598253
21 Rev Vincent Nwachukwu
MCM, Abakaliki
22 Mrs Edith Ngene Secretary, Family Law Centre
08034162207
23 Florence Nkechinyere Onwa
NAPTIP 08034534785
24 Chief Mrs Flora Egwu
CPN 08022838401
25 State Commandant
NSCDC 08036694912
26 State PRO NSCDC 08034395063
27 Patrick Amah GRADE Foundation 08035222170
28 Okinya Matthias Chukwuke
Executive Director CHAD
08037390916
29 Bar. Chinemere Goodness Mgbaja
CIRDDOC, Abakaliki [email protected] [email protected]
30 Abigail Iheukwumere
Focal Person ANTIVOW, Abakaliki
[email protected] 08037560413
31 Paul Nonso Programm Manager, CLAP
[email protected] 08069246066
32 Mrs Margaret Nworie
CEO, FCCO Abakaliki [email protected] 08035855986
33 DSP Jude E. Madu PPRO, Ebonyi State Police Command
08033746612
34 Mrs Maria Uduma Orji
Executive Director WOCHAD, Abakaliki
[email protected] [email protected]
08060377988
35 Dr Peter Mbam CEO/ General Manager Ebonyi State CSDP
08034294647
36 Chioma Nwankwegu
Gender Project Officer, Ebonyi State CSDP
07068301959
37 Sis. Cecilia Chukwu
Executive Director, SUCCDEV
[email protected] [email protected]
08033555846
44 | P a g e
38 Hon Ishiali Christian
Director, CEWO Ohaukwu
08037339036
39 Mr Uzo Paul Nwankwo
Programme Manager, Ebonyi Humanity Foundation, Abakaliki
[email protected] 08034199946
40 Mrs Ugo Nnachi Executive Director DOVENET, Abakaliki
08068597868
41 Ijeoma Chiemela Program Manager DOVENET, Abakaliki
[email protected] 08146736524
42 Peter Ewah Program Assistant DOVENET, Abakaliki
08169775575
43 Abigail Iheukwumere
Focal Person ANTIVOW, Abakaliki
[email protected] 08037560413
44 Pastor Gabriel Odom
Executive Director, AFLARD, Abakaliki
07066796003
45 His Royal Highness Eze, D. I. Aloh
Traditional Ruler of Ikwo LGA/ Chairman of all Traditional Rulers in Ikwo LGA
46 Hon. Nnabo John N.
Chairman, Ikwo LGA 08068459812 08181043844
46 Paul Nwancho HOD Education/ Social Welfare Ikwo LGA
08033406479
47 Abigail Iheukwumere
NTA Ebonyi State [email protected] 08037560413
48 His Royal Highness, Chief Emmanuel Edeh
Traditional Ruler of Ohaukwu LGA
08035331299
ANNEX 3: CONTACT LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS INTERVIEWED AND PERSONS MET IN KOGI
S/N NAME ORGANIZATION DESIGNATION PHONE NUMBER
1. Mrs. Usman Kogi SMOH,
Women in Health
Director 08069633139
2. Mrs. Mamenoka Audu SMOH (KOSACA) Gender Desk
Officer
3. 4 Dr. Ojotule SPHCDA ED 08064469625
4. Sule Ibrahim Family Unit, Kogi
Area Command,
NPF
Deputy officer,
Family unit
08036500269
45 | P a g e
5. SPO Comfort Otuku Kogi Area
Command, NPF
Gender Officer 07035775208
6. Mrs. Eucharia Okereke NSCDC I/C PCR 08163364644
7. Mrs. Gloria Akudi SW Dept., Lokoja
Area Office
Social Welfare
Officer
08068157540
8. Mr. Oloruntoba Dept. of Social
Welfare,
SMOWASD
Director 08031941682
om
9. Mrs. Adegbola Dept. of Child
Welfare,
SMOWASD
Director 0803608353
elizabethadegbola1
@yahoo.com
10. Mrs. Babatunde Dept. of Women
Affairs, SMOWASD
Director 08135700908
11. Mrs. Victoria Ipemida Dept. of Women
Affairs, SMOWASD
Gender desk
officer
08036000166
m
12. Mrs. Gift Omoniwa PIBCID E.D 08036346070
13. Hamza Aliyu INGRA E.D 08033177259
14. Barr. Christie Adejumo FIDA State chairperson 08036792295
15. Mr. Matthias Opanachi YAHWEP E.D 08035050521
16. Barr. Janet Makun Justice for Women
& children center
E.D 08033777446
17. Comrade Rajan Sulaiman DEGENDER
Initiative
Dir. of Program 08036013322
18. Vincent Okodo KHAN Prog. Manager 08060100324
19. Mr. Nathaniel Abaniwo KONGONET/ AYON Secretary/State
Coordinator
08036581956
20. Mercy Iyoha CIHP GBV FP 08099675889
21. Raliat Isiyaka CLAP St. Cordinator 08033139486
22. Simon Eneojo Justice
Development &
Peace Commission
Focal
person(Lokoja)
08036270402
23. Idris Muraino LUCAS ED 07063797550
46 | P a g e
24. Mr. Japhet El-Sophi ED 08062181034
25. Samuel Audu DACA Prog. Manager 08051241996
26. Simon Christopher JDPC Focal person(Idah) 08035670031
27. Mr. Segun BHECOD Focal person 08022927935
28. Titus Alonge TEEDIN ED 08138279795
29. Mr. Gabriel Power Relief Org. FP 08066611397
30. Mr. Eteyin Grassroot Health &
Nutrition Initiative
FP 08138279795
31. Mrs. Roselyn Alabi DCI MD 08036192684
32. Mr. Matthias Opanachi YAWHEP ED 08035050523
33. Mr. John Amabi FEPFL MD 08065659796
34. Dr. Okafor ASCL Med.Centre CMD 07030919676
35. Mr. Abdulmumuni Yusuf ASCL Med. Centre Gender FP 08060488109
36. Dr. Lukman Lawal Ife-Oluokotun GH MD 08075137641
37. Mrs. Philominah St. John’s Catholic
Hosp.
Matron 08039689113
38. Dr. Abubakar ZH, Dekina MD 08123399800
39. Dr. Samuel Agboma Grimard Catholic
Hosp
MD 08036061415
40. Dr. Azuka Holley Memorial
Hosp.
MD 08039300503
41. Sikirat Subairu Ikuehi PHC OIC 07032271212
42. Salamatu Adejoh Dekina LGA SWO 08157262740
43. Rukkayatu Oziokotu PHC OIC 08167577087
44. Mr. Muhammed Sani Ogigiri PHC OIC 08057755158
45. Mr. Olusegun Sinkaiye FMC Lokoja Chief Social
Welfare Officer
46. Mr. Victor Ameh Okpo GH HOD Lab 08039660123
47. Mr. Paul Shuaibu PHC Ajiyolo Ojaji OIC 08077276134
48. Saádat Mikailu CHC Ofugo OIC 08062092411
49. Mrs. Comfort Yakub PHC Ayede OIC 08159677487
50. Mrs. Saddiq Koton Karfe GH CNO 07060126300(MD)
47 | P a g e
51. Dr. Ken Abu Kabba GH CMD
52. Dr. Adams Okengwe GH CMD 07031697115
53. Mrs. Olubunmi Egbeda MCH OIC 08030710719
54. Shaibu Lentena KSUTH Anyigba Nurse/Midwife 08051188634
55. Dr. Sunday Akoh ZH Idah MD 08134787636
56. Dr. Nataniel Attah ZH Ankpa MD 08037170924
57. Mrs. Stella Oluyole PHC Nagazi OIC 08036205267
58. Mrs. Asibe PHC Patesi OIC 07056868525
59. Dr. Suleiman ZH Okene CMD 08062336275
60. Mrs. Janet BHC Ogori OIC 07038998037
61. Dr. Ade Oluwadairo GH Obangede MD 08034834065
62. Dr. Jeremiah GH Ugwolawo MD 07069321038
63. VEN. Balogun M.O Ayede Community leader
ANNEX 4: TABLE SHOWING FACILITIES VISITED IN EBONYI STATE
S/N NAME OF HEALTH FACILITY TYPE OF
FACILITY
LGA SENATORIAL
ZONE
1 Federal Teaching Hospital
Abakaliki
Tertiary Ebonyi Ebonyi North
2 Mile 4 Mission Hospital Secondary Ebonyi
3 MCH Azuiyiokwu Primary Abakaliki
4 New Timbershed Primary Abakaliki
5 Onuebonyi MDG Primary Abakaliki
6 Azuakpara MDG Primary Abakaliki
7 Nwezenyi health Centre Primary Izzi
8 St. Vincent Mission Hospital Secondary Izzi
9 General Hospital Iboko Secondary Izzi
10 Obegu Ikenyi MDG Primary Izzi
48 | P a g e
11 Matermisericordea Mission
Hospital
Secondary Afikpo North Ebonyi South
12 Amaekwu Health Centre Primary Afikpo North
13 General Hospital Item Ukwu Secondary Afikpo North
14 Presbyterian Joint Hospital Secondary Ohaozara
15 Obiozara PHC Primary Ohaozara
16 General Hospital Okposi Secondary Ohaozara
17 Agugwu PHC Primary Ohaozara
18 Nguzu Edda Health Centre Primary Afikpo South
19 Ekoli Edda Health Centre Primary Afikpo South
20 General Hospital Owutu Edda Secondary Afikpo South
21 Odeligbo Health Centre Primary Ikwo Ebonyi Central
22 Odomowo Health Centre Primary Ikwo
23 Rural Improvement Mission Secondary Ikwo
24 Echialike Health Centre Primary Ikwo
25 Azuramura Health Centre Primary Ezza North
26 Ngbo Maternity Primary Ohaukwu
27 Ezzamgbo Maternity Primary Ohaukwu
28 General Hospital Onueke Secondary Ezza South
29 MCH Onueke Primary Ezza South
30 Amuzu Health Centre Primary Ezza South
Total Health Facilities 30
49 | P a g e
ANNEX 5: TABLE SHOWING FACILITIES VISITED IN KOGI STATE
S/N NAME OF HEALTH FACILITY TYPE OF FACILITY LGA SENATORIAL
ZONE
1 PHC Patesi PHC Ajaokuta Kogi Central
2 Zonal Hospital, Okene Secondary Okene
3 BHC Ogori Primary Ogori
4 GH Obangede Secondary Okehi
5 GH Okengwe Secondary Okene
6 PHC Ikuehi PHC Okehi
7 PHC Ogigiri PHC Ajaokuta
8 ASCL Medical Centre Tertiary Ajaokuta
9 Oziokotu PHC PHC Adavi
10 PHC Nagazi PHC Adavi
11 Kabba Zonal Hospital Secondary Kabba
Bunu
Kogi West
12 Egbe ECWA Hospital Mission Yagba
West
13 Koton Karfe General Hospital Secondary Kogi
14 Federal Medical Centre, Lokoja Tertiary Lokoja
15 Isanlu General Hospital Secondary Yagba East
16 Mopa General Hospital Secondary Ijumu
17 Ife-Olukotun General Hospital Secondary Yagba East
18 Egbeda, MCH PHC Kabba
Bunu
50 | P a g e
19 St John Catholic Hospital, Kabba Secondary(Mission) Kabba
Bunu
20 Phc, Aiyede PHC Kabba
Bunu
21 Kogi State Uni.Teach. Hosp.,
Anyigba
Tertiary Dekina Kogi East
22 Zonal Hospital, Ankpa Secondary Ankpa
23 Zonal Hospital, Idah Secondary Idah
24 Zonal Hospital, Dekina Secondary Dekina
25 General Hospita,l Okpo Secondary Olamaboro
26 General Hospital, Ugwolawo Secondary Ofu
27 Grimard Catholic Hospital, Anyigba Mission Dekina
28 Holley Memorial Hospital,
Ochadamu
Mission Ofu
29 Phc Ajiyolo, Ojaji PHC Dekina
30 Comprehensive Health Centre,
Ofugo
PHC Ankpa
Total Health Facilities 27
*Facilities highlighted could not be reached
ANNEX 6: RELEVANT KEY INFORMANTS (STAKEHOLDERS)
1. State Ministry of Health (SMoH)
2. State Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development (SMoWASD)
3. State Primary Health Care Development Board (SPHCDB)
4. Nigerian Police
5. Nigerian Security Civil Defense Corp (NSCDC)
6. NAPTIP
7. Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO)
a. Community Based Organisation (CBO)
51 | P a g e
b. Faith Based Organisation (FBO)
c. CIVIL Society Organisation (CSO)
8. LGA Social Welfare Unit
9. Health workers in a selected Health Facilities
10. Traditional leaders
11. Religious leaders
12. Women leaders
13. Youth leaders
14. Media
ANNEX 7: QUESTION GUIDE FOR SMOH/SMOWASD/LGA FOCAL PERSONS
(Briefly describe the purpose of interview by MCSP)
Date __________________________________________
Organization/Dept _______________________________
Position of respondent ____________________________
Contact of respondent (email & telephone) ____________________________
1. What is your view about GBV within the state? _______________________
2. What do you think are major GBV concerns in the state?
3. What is the state government doing in relation to GBV prevention and response?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________
4. Are you aware of any law/policies on GBV (YES/NO)
*If YES above, what policies? _______________________
5. Does your Ministry use any guidelines on GBV (YES/NO)
*if yes list____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
6. What available programs does the Ministry/LGA have on GBV (Ask same for State
Govt)________________________________________________________________________
52 | P a g e
_____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
7. How do you handle GBV cases? (ask for collaborations with
organizations)_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________
8. Do you have the contact information of any organization performing the following service
S/N Category of referral service Name of Organization/Address Contact Person Telephone number
8a. Health
8b. Legal assistance
8c. Law enforcement
8d. Shelter/safe house
8e. Psychosocial counseling
8f. Social re-integration
53 | P a g e
8g. Economic reintegration
8h. Others
9. Is there any reporting mechanism for these organizations on GBV
activities_____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
10. Average number of GBV cases that was reported within the past one year?
____________________________________________________________________
11. What challenges does your Ministry/LGA have in preventing and responding to GBV?
a) Funding
b) Poor logistics
c) Poor collaborations
d) Lack of expertise
e) Difficult access
f) Man power shortage
g) Others
12. As a major stakeholder in the state, what other suggestions do you have about GBV
prevention and response in the state?
_________________________________________________________________________
THANK YOU
54 | P a g e
Annex 8: GBV Rapid Assessment Tool
QUESTION GUIDE FOR HEALTH FACILITY
General Demographic Information
Date:___________________________________
Health Facility ________________________________
State/LGA ______________________________
Senatorial Zone ____________________________
Community ______________________________
Community Status (rural/urban)________________
Ensure you interview the health worker that is most informed (e.g. IOC, Doctor, Nurse, etc.), trying as much as possible not to disrupt service delivery at the health facility.
1. What do you know about GBV?
*Do a brief introduction of GBV to the respondent, asking them about rape, intimate partner
violence, trafficking of girls and women, Female genital mutilation, child abuse, child marriage,
psychological violence, economic violence, etc.
Briefly find out what type occurs frequently and the steps they take in management of survivors
(I.e. at the facility, if/how they refer and if they follow up afterwards)
2. What is the GBV situation around this community and what type of GBV is common here?
3. Do survivors normally come to seek help at the facility?
4. When there are symptoms of GBV, do survivors open up to the health worker for help?
5. What does your facility do for survivors when they come?
6. Most survivors that come to the clinic fall within what category:
a. Child, adult, elderly
b. Gender (Male, Female)
7. Do you have the contact information of any organization performing the following services.
55 | P a g e
S/N Category of referral service Name of Organization/Address
Contact Person
Telephone number
1. Health
2 Law enforcement (Police or
others)
3. Legal assistance
4. Shelter/safe house
5. Psychosocial counseling
6. Social re-integration
7. Economic re-integration
8. Others
8. How does the survivor access the service? (*i.e. pertaining to HFs that refer)
*Thank the respondent
56 | P a g e
ANNEX 9: GBV ASSESSMENT/REFERRAL SERVICE MAPPING
QUESTION GUIDE FOR REFERRAL ORGANIZATIONS
(Briefly describe the purpose of interview by MCSP)
1. Date_____________________________________________________________________
2. Name and address of Organization______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
3. LGA/Community of operation __________________________________________________
4. Focal person’s contact (email & telephone)________________________________________
5. Designation of the respondent within Organization_________________________________
6. Designated organization’s official telephone number(s) ______________________________
7. Type of organization
a. Governmental [ ]
b. International NGO [ ]
c. National NGO [ ]
d. Faith Based Organization [ ]
e. Community Based Organization [ ]
f. Others [ ] ___________________________________________________________
8. Who are your target population
a. Women [ ]
b. Child/youths/orphans [ ]
c. PLHIVs [ ]
d. IDPs [ ]
e. Others [ ]
9. What sector are you working in (Tick one or more)
a. Legal assistance
b. Law enforcement [ ]
c. Health services [ ]
d. Referrals [ ]
e. Shelter/safe house [ ]
57 | P a g e
f. Psychosocial counseling [ ]
g. Social re-integration [ ]
h. Economic re-integration [ ]
i. Community mobilization and Advocacy [ ]
j. Sensitization with IEC [ ]
k. Others [ ]
10. What is your source of funding?
11. How do you identify GBV Survivors
____________________________________________________________________________
12. How do you get them enrolled in your services?
____________________________________________________________________________
13. How do you handle GBV cases when you find them
____________________________________________________________________________
14. What are your organizations hours of operation? ___________________________________
15. Are your services free of charge (YES/NO)
16. Are you aware of any law/policies on GBV (YES/NO)
17. Does your organization use any guidelines on GBV (YES/NO) (if yes sight)
18. Does your organization have any other affiliations?
19. What is the average number of GBV incidents reported to your organization in the last one
year_______________________________________________________________________
20. Do you have any suggestions about GBV prevention and response______________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
THANK YOU
58 | P a g e
ANNEX 10: GBV ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TEMPLATE
HEALTH FACILITIES
1. Knowledge of GBV VERY GOOD GOOD FAIR POOR
2. Commonest type of GBV in community IPV RAPE
TRAFFICKING FGM CHILD MARRIAGE/ABUSE ECONOMIC V
PSYCHOLOGIC V
3. Rate of seeking help at facility HIGH LOW
4. Rate of confiding in HW HIGH LOW
5. Care given at facility MEDICAL COUNSELLING REFERRAL
6(a). Age of survivors CHILD TEENAGE ADULT ELDERLY
6(b). Gender of survivors MALE FEMALE
7. Contact info. for referral services YES NO
ANNEX 11: REFERRAL ORGANIZATION SUMMARY TEMPLATE
1. Type of organization A. B. C. D. E. F.
2. Target population A. B. C. D. E.
3. Sector A. B. C. D. E. F.
G. H. I. J. K.
4. Funding GOVT. DONOR INTERNALLY
GENERATED OTHERS
5. Identifying survivors OUTREACH SELF REPORT REFERRALS
OTHERS
6. Enrolment (applies for direct services) AUTOMATIC EXISTING
PROTOCOL/CONDITIONS
7. Handling of GBV cases OFFER DIRECT SERVICE REFER
59 | P a g e
8. Hours of operation BTW 8-5PM BEYOND 5PM
9. No charges for services YES NO
10. Awareness of GBV policies YES NO
11. Usage of GBV guidelines/policy YES NO
12. Any affiliations YES NO
13. Average cases per year 0-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100
>100
14. Suggestions POLICY ENFORCEMENT COMMUNITY SENSZ/ADV
SERVICE PROVISION/LINKING
COLLABORATIONS FUNDING
OTHERS
ANNEX 12: STATE MINISTRIES/LGA SUMMARY TEMPLATE
1. View on GBV ISSUE OF ATTENTION NOT AN ISSUE OF
ATTENTION INDIFFERENT
2. Major concerns CULTURE/SOCIETY POVERTY
INADEQ RESPONSE/SERVICES
POOR REPORTING OTHERS
3. Awareness of laws/policies YES NO
4. Usage of guidelines YES NO
5. Available progs HEALTH LEGAL POLICY ADVC LAW
ENF SENTZ/ADVC
SHELTER COUNSELING SOCIAL RE-INT
ECONOMIC RE-INT
6. Reporting mechanism for referral services YES
NO
60 | P a g e
7. No. of cases reported per year 0-10 11-20 21-30 31-40
41-50 51-60
61-70 70-100 >100
8. Challenges A. B. C. D. E. F.
G.
ANNEX 13: ASSESSMENT WORKPLAN
WORKPLAN FOR CONDUCTING GBV ASSESSMENT IN MCSP SUPPORTED FACILITIES IN KOGI AND EBONYI STATE
MONTHS/YEAR
DAYS/DATES
DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES 5/7
/17
6/7
/17
7/7
/17
10
/7/1
7
11
/7/1
7
12
/7/1
7
13
/7/1
7
14
/7/1
7
15
/7/1
7
17
/7/1
7
18
/7/1
7
19
/7/1
7
20
/7/1
7
21
/7/1
7
22
/7/1
7
24
/7/1
7
25
/7/1
7
Planning meeting at Abuja office to
develop workplan and data collection
instrument for GBV
Development of criteria for selecting
referral organization & referral matrix
Field testing of HF tool
De-briefing meeting at MCSP Abuja to
present workplan, data collection tools
directory matrix to MCSP for review and
1 | P a g e
inputs
Arrival at the state of assignment and
meeting with the state MCSP
Analysis of key informants to be
interviewed with the state MCSP
and identification of NGOs, CBOs &FBOs
that provides services for GBV clients
Advocacy visit to the SMoH & SMoWASD
with the state MCSP
Identification of 3 senatorial zone &
selection of 10 H/F in each zone to visit
Advocacy visit to the traditional rulers/
in charges of 30 selected H/Fs
Advocacy visit to the selected NGOs,CBOs
for key information on the scope of their
activities
Field visit to the 30 H/Fs to discuss
findings
Report writing and de-briefing at Abuja
office