General Facts About New Research of Bacteria in 12

8/6/2019 General Facts About New Research of Bacteria in 12

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Smoking harm most of ourorgan

Ex.

-lung cancer

-COPD(chromic obstructivepulmonary disease)


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HARVEST

DRYING

HUMIDIFYING AND TEARING

SORTING AND TRANSPORTATION

DRYING AND HUMIDIFYING

AGING, FERMENTING

HUMIDIFYING.REMOVING STALKS

MIXING.

GRINDING AND ADDITIONS

ROLLING

CUTTING

INSERT FILTER

PACKING


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Its well known that

cigarette smoke harbourshundreds of toxic chemicals

that are bad for your health.


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But a University of Maryland environmental

health researcher says that is not the only

danger because:

DNA examination of four cigarette

brands shows, for the 1st time, that

cigarettes are widely contaminated with

hundreds of different types of bacteria.

In fact, there appears to be as manybacteria in cigarettes as there are chemicals.

(quantity of) chemical = bacteria


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"Now that we've shown that apack of cigarettes is loaded

with bacteria, we will conduct

follow-up research todetermine the possible roles

of these organisms in tobacco-related diseases." Sapkotasays.


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The commercially available cigarettes that we tested were chock

full of bacteria, as we had hypothesized, but we didnt think wed

find so many that are infectious in humans, says researcher Amy

R. Sapkota, an assistant professor in the University of Marylands

School of Public Health.


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PreviousPrevious researchersresearchers havehave takentaken smallsmall samplessamples

ofof cigarettecigarette tobaccotobacco andand placedplaced themthem inin culturescultures

toto seesee whetherwhether bacteriabacteria wouldwould growgrow..

ButBut Sapkota'sSapkota's teamteam tooktook aa moremore holisticholistic approachapproach

usingusing DN

ADN

A microarraymicroarray analysisanalysis toto estimateestimatebacterialbacterial metagenomemetagenome,, thethe totalitytotality ofof bacterialbacterial

geneticgenetic materialmaterial presentpresent inin thethe testedtested cigarettescigarettes..


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But,But, SapkotaSapkota andand microbialmicrobial examinedexamined thethe

bacteriabacteria contentcontent inin 44 majormajor cigarettecigarette brandsbrands

andand foundfound similarsimilar typestypes ofof bacteriabacteria inin eacheach

oneone:: CamelCamel

KoolKool Filter KingsFilter Kings

Lucky Strike Original RedLucky Strike Original Red

Marlboro RedMarlboro Red


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study's findingsstudy's findings

Commercially available cigarettes show a broad array of bacterial

diversity, ranging from soil microorganisms to potential human

pathogens;

The is the first study to provide evidence that the numbers of

microorganisms in a cigarette may be as "vast as the number of

chemical constituents;"

Hundreds of bacterial species were present in each cigarette, and

additional testing is likely to increase that number significantly;

No significant variability in bacterial diversity was observed across

the four different cigarette brands examined.


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NAME OF BACTERIA EFFECT OF

Acinetobacter

Bacillus

Clostridium

Klebsiella

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Burkholderia

associated with certain blood and lung infections.

some types are associated with anthrax and food

poisoning.

some strains can cause respiratory infections.

associated with many kinds of lung, blood, and

other infections.

linked to food poisoning-related illnesses and lung

infections.

a specific type of bacteria that is responsible for

10% of hospital- acquired infections

Bacteria of medical significance to humans were identified in all of

the tested cigarettes and included :


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Bacillus


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InflammationI.Abscess on the skin, showing the redness andswellingII.Caused by endotoxinIII. structural component in the Gram negativebacteriaIV.Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Erwinia herbicolaV.Found in half of the cured tobacco leafsampleVI.Lead to atherosclerosis and rheumatoidarthritis


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Bacteria present in tobacco leaves, but fewstudies looked into contamination

No research has attempted to catalog the

bacteria

Dead bacteria produce endotoxin that canactivate cell causes inflammation

Inflammation + chemical + bacteria = cancercells growing rapidly


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General Facts About New Research of Bacteria in 12