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General Statement of Common Ground Final Version 28 October 2020 Appeal Reference APP/C1570/W/20/3256619 Date of Inquiry 12 January 2021 Site Address
Stansted Airport, Bassingbourn Road, Stansted, CM24 1QW Description of The Development Airfield works comprising two new taxiway links to the existing runway (a Rapid Access Taxiway and a Rapid Exit Taxiway), six additional remote aircraft stands (adjacent Yankee taxiway); and three additional aircraft stands (extension of the Echo Apron) to enable combined airfield operations of 274,000 aircraft movements (of which not more than 16,000 movements would be Cargo Air Transport Movements (CATM)) and a throughput of 43 million terminal passengers, in a 12-month calendar period [as amended on 18 May 2018] Appellant Stansted Airport Limited (STAL) Local Planning Authority Uttlesford District Council (UDC)
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Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 3
2 The Appeal Site, Proposal and Application Background .................................................... 4
3 Relevant Baseline Data (All Calendar Year) ................................................................... 13
4 Application Documents and Additional Material ............................................................ 14
5 Relevant Policy ........................................................................................................... 15
6 Conditions & Section106 Agreement ............................................................................ 18
7 Topic Matters of Agreement (Matters other than Refusal Reasons) .................................... 19
List of Appendices Appendix 1- Agreed Acronym Definitions
Appendix 2- Airport Plan
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1 Introduction
1.1 This Statement of Common Ground (‘SoCG’) is agreed between Stansted Airport Limited (‘STAL’) and Uttlesford District Council (‘UDC’) (‘the parties’). It sets out the common position and understanding of both parties for the appeal in respect of general matters regarding the refusal of planning application UTT/18/0460/FUL by UDC on 29th January 2020. Additional topic-specific SoCGs relating to the identified four key issues of noise, air quality, climate change and infrastructure provision will be prepared and submitted to PINS on the 8th December, informed by the submission by the Appellant of an Addendum Environmental Statement.
1.2 Where appropriate and possible, matters of common ground will be agreed with statutory consultees and/or 3rd parties before the start of the Inquiry, and will form separate statements.
1.3 To further aid the Inquiry the following documents have been agreed as part of this Statement and form part of the appendices;
• an agreed plan of the airport with the common names for each area of the airport;
• a first version Core Document list; and • a list of commonly used terms & acronyms and their definitions that were used
in STAL’s application documents and UDC’s reports.
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2 The Appeal Site, Proposal and Application Background
Site Context
2.1 London Stansted Airport (‘Stansted’) lies wholly within the local authority administrative district of Uttlesford in the county of Essex, some 56km (35 miles) north-east of central London, and 50km (31 miles) south-east of Cambridge. The airport lies to the north-west of Takeley and north-east of Bishop’s Stortford and is bounded by the M11 to the west and A120 to the south.
2.2 The red line plan (ref: NK017817-SK309 Location Plan CD 1.1) confirms the application site, which is also the same as the Operational Area of the airport; at 957 ha.
2.3 The airport is made up of its airfield, terminal and maintenance areas and supporting landside facilities.
2.4 The airfield consists of a single runway (04/22) and a network of taxiways and aprons, which collectively form the movement areas for aircraft operations. Other key airfield operation infrastructure includes the Air Traffic Control (ATC) tower located on the south-eastern side of the runway from which aerodrome and surface movement control is provided, non-visual navigation aids, radar surveillance systems and the Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) service.
2.5 The range of associated facilities and infrastructure supporting the airfield comprises: a main terminal building and three satellite piers; a passenger tracked transit system; air cargo centre; hangars (including business aviation hangars to the north west of the runway); fuel farm; hotels; offices; operational facilities and accommodation; a railway line and station, a ground transport interchange, road network; and short, mid and long stay car parking.
2.6 To aid the Inquiry, an airport plan is provided at appendix 2 with the common names for key parts of the airport’s infrastructure.
Main Planning History of the Site
2.7 Since its major redevelopment in the early 1990s (under permission UTT/1150/80/SA), Stansted’s growth has been managed in a series of planned and distinct phases, as summarised below. A separate note has been prepared by UDC & STAL in relation to planning conditions and the 2003 and 2008 permissions.
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Table 1: Main Planning History
Permissions/ Controlling Order
Date Description
Outline Permission to 15mppa
1985
Outline permission granted for terminal, airfield & infrastructure expansion. Growth permitted in two phases: 8mppa and 15mppa.
Approved by Secretaries of State 5 June 1985.
LPA Ref. No. UTT/1150/80/SA
Reserved Matters No. 1 (8 mppa)
1986 and 1987 Details for Phase 1 of the 1985 permission
Parliamentary Limit on aircraft movements
1987
Limit on aircraft movements introduced following 1985 Airports Policy White Paper, and set at 78,000 take-off or landings, per annum (with certain AM excluded from this limit).
Parliamentary Limit on aircraft movements
1996 Amendment to Order, setting a new limit of
120,000 AM.
Parliamentary Limit on aircraft movements
1999 Amendment to Order, setting a new limit of
185,000 AM commencing in 2000.
Reserved Matters No. 2
(8-15mppa) 1999 Details for Phase 2 of the 1985 permission.
15+ May 2003 Planning permission for terminal, airfield &
infrastructure expansion. Growth permitted to 25mppa and up to 241,000 air
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(Growth to 25mppa)
transport movements (ATMs) of which up to 22 500 could be CATMs (Conditions MPPA1 and ATM1).
UDC granted permission.
LPA Ref No. UTT/1000/01/OP
Parliamentary Limit on aircraft movements - revoked
2004 Removal of statutory limit on number of
take-offs and landings of passenger aircraft.
25+ (Growth to
35mppa) – Gen 1
October 2008
Planning permission for the development of the Airport without complying with condition MPPA1 and variation of condition ATM1 of the 2003 permission. New conditions permit a passenger throughput of 35mppa (MPPA1) and limits of 264 000 ATMs (of which up to 20,500 could be CATMs and up to 243,500 could be PATMs) plus 10,000 ‘other movements’ (Conditions ATM 1-5).
UDC refused application.
Allowed on appeal.
LPA Ref No. UTT/0717/06/FUL
APP/C1570/A/06/2032278
The Proposed Development
2.8 The development subject of this appeal (the appeal proposal) is for airfield infrastructure, (illustrated in Figure 1) comprising:
a) Two new links to the runway (a Rapid Access Taxiway and a Rapid Exit Taxiway); b) Six additional remote aircraft stands (adjacent Yankee taxiway); and c) Three additional aircraft stands (extension of the Echo Apron).
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2.9 This plan is unchanged from that submitted as part of the application.
2.10 The proposed airfield infrastructure will enable an increase in PATMs required to accommodate additional passenger numbers.
2.11 The 2008 Permission’s conditions contain individual controls on passenger and cargo air transport movements (PATMs and CATMs) plus ‘other’ Non-ATM aircraft movements that cumulatively make up 274,000 aircraft movements. The application, as originally made, proposed that this overall total of aircraft movements would remain, but would be a singular limit and would not be sub-divided as per the conditions contained within the current permission. However, during the course of the application determination, STAL sought an amendment (and UDC agreed) to include a upper limit on the number of annual CATMs: An amendment to the description of the development was accepted by the Council on 18th May 2018 (CD 11.1) and was the subject of re-consultation.
2.12 Maintaining the limit on total aircraft movements, while reducing the number of CATMs and ‘other’ movements, enables the greater numbers of PATMs needed to handle the proposed increase in passengers (i.e. the rise from 35 to 43 million passengers per annum (mppa)).
2.13 The appeal proposal includes a commitment to a new and reduced limit on the size of the daytime average noise contour area.
2.14 There is no requirement for the Operational Area of the airport to be extended to accommodate the appeal proposal.
Application Key Event Timeline
Table 2: Summary Timeline of events
Date Action
22 February 2018
STAL submitted its application following pre-application consultation. The application was accompanied by supporting documents that included an Environmental Statement (‘ES’) (CD’s 3-6). The full schedule of application documents is provided in Appendix 4.
26 June 2018 Secretary of State confirmed that the application that is the subject of the appeal did not qualify as a NSIP under the 2008 Planning Act and so should be determined by the local planning authority.
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14 November 2018
Planning Committee resolved to grant permission, subject to conditions and a Section 106 Agreement in accordance with the agreed Heads of Terms and consistent with measures proposed in the ES. The precise form of the Section 106 agreement, in accordance with the amended recommendation, was resolved to be delegated to officers. Subsequently, a draft s106 agreement was prepared between UDC, Essex County Council (as relevant highway authority) and STAL.
20 March 2019 Secretary of State confirmed the application would not be 'called in' for determination by Government and that he was content that it should be decided by UDC, on the grounds that the application did ‘not involve issues of more than local importance’.
12 April 2019 The Section 106 Agreement signed by STAL was sealed by Essex County Council (‘ECC’) and sent to UDC for signature.
25 April 2019 An Extraordinary Council Meeting was called by the Leader of UDC to consider the following motion:
To instruct the Chief Executive and fellow officers not to issue a Planning Decision Notice for planning application UTT/18/0460/FUL until the related Section 106 Legal Agreement between UDC and Stansted Airport Limited and the Planning Conditions have been scrutinised, reviewed and approved by the Council’s Planning Committee after the local elections.
The motion was defeated by 14 votes to 18 votes, but a further Extraordinary Meeting was immediately requested to consider the following motion:
To instruct the Chief Executive and fellow officers not to issue the Planning Decision Notice for planning application UTT/18/0460/FUL until members have had an opportunity to review and obtain independent legal corroboration that the legal advice provided to officers, including the QC opinion referred to by the Leader of the Council on 9th April 2019, confirms that the proposed Section 106 Agreement with Stansted Airport Limited fully complies with the Resolution approved by the Planning Committee on 14 November 2018 such that officers are lawfully empowered to conclude and seal the Agreement without further reference to the Planning Committee.
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30 April 2019 An informal meeting was held between UDC Officers and those members who had requisitioned the Extraordinary Meeting. It was agreed:
• That officers would not seal the Section 106 agreement and issue the planning consent for the time being.
• That the legal advice previously obtained from Christiaan Zwart, barrister, would be circulated to all members on a confidential basis.
• That a briefing session would be held for all members, with Christiaan Zwart in attendance to answer questions about his advice; and
• That, if need be, further advice would be sought at Q.C. level and a further briefing for all councillors would be held. This advice would focus on whether the planning obligation requirements made by the Planning Committee have been incorporated fully and effectively into the s106 agreement, and on the origin and consequences of any “gaps” if any between the Planning Committee Resolution and the resulting S106 Agreement.
14 May 2019 A private briefing meeting for all councillors was held. Advice obtained from the Council’s barrister, Christiaan Zwart, was circulated prior to the meeting.
A second legal opinion was then obtained by UDC from Stephen Hockman Q.C working jointly with Christiaan Zwart.
21 May 2019 A second private briefing meeting was held to discuss legal advice.
28 June 2019 The second Council ECM resolved not to issue the planning permission until the UDC Planning Committee had considered:
(i) the adequacy of the proposed Section 106 Agreement between UDC and Stansted Airport Ltd, having regard to the Heads of Terms contained in the resolution approved by the Council’s Planning Committee on 14th November 2018; and
(ii) any new material considerations and/or changes in circumstances since 14 November 2018 to which weight may now be given in striking the planning balance or which would reasonably justify attaching a different weight to relevant factors previously considered.
July 2019 to January 2020
UDC sought third independent legal opinion on the points above, to inform Planning Committee ‘workshops’ and the
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negotiations between STAL and UDC to review the Section 106 Agreement.
15 & 22 November 2019
Negotiation meetings were held between UDC and STAL concerning possible S106 agreement amendments.
17 & 24 January 2020
Application returned to Planning Committee with a recommendation from Officers for approval.
Legal advice was taken by Leading Counsel that confirmed that the Section 106 Agreement was legally sound and that there had been no apparent material change in circumstances affecting the planning balance.
The Planning Committee refused permission on four grounds [copy of decision notice at Appendix 1].
1) The applicant has failed to demonstrate that the additional flights would not result in an increased detrimental effect from aircraft noise, contrary to Uttlesford Local Plan Policy ENV11 and the NPPF.
2) The application has failed to demonstrate that the additional flights would not result in a detrimental effect on air quality, specifically but not exclusively PM2.5 and ultrafine particulates contrary to Uttlesford Local Plan Policy ENV13 and paragraph 181 of the NPPF.
3) The additional emissions from increased international flights are incompatible with the Committee on Climate Change’s recommendation that emissions from all UK departing flights should be at or below 2005 levels in 2050. This is against the backdrop of the amendment to the Climate Change Act 2008 (2050 Target Amendment) to reduce the net UK carbon account for the year 2050 to net zero from the 1990 baseline. This is therefore contrary to the general accepted perceptions and understandings of the importance of climate change and the time within which it must be addressed. Therefore, it would be inappropriate to approve the application at a time whereby the Government has been unable to resolve its policy on international aviation climate emissions.
4) The application fails to provide the necessary infrastructure to support the application, or the necessary mitigation to address the detrimental impact of the proposal contrary to Uttlesford Local Plan Policies GEN6, GEN1, GEN7, ENV7, ENV11 and ENV13.
7 February 2020 High Court decision, dismissing a judicial review by objectors against the SoS’s decision not to treat the planning
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application as development requiring development consent (a Nationally Significant Infrastructure Project (NSIP)).
Permission to appeal to the Court of Appeal rejected; a renewal request is pending.
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3 Relevant Baseline Data (All Calendar Year)
Table 3: Aviation Statistics – baseline as expressed in 2018 Environmental Statement (ES Chapter 2 Table 2.3, with rounding)1.
2016 Total Passengers (‘000s) 24,300 Passenger ATMs (‘000s) 152 Cargo ATMs (‘000s) 12 Other Movement (‘000s) 16 Total Movements (‘000s) 181
Table 4: Surface Access Mode Share Statistics (air passengers)
2016 Private Car 35.54% Bus/Coach 22.95% Rail 27.93% Hire Car 2.30% Taxi 11.10% Other 0.18%
Table 5: Surface Access Statistics (staff)
2016 (2015 survey date)
Staff Single Car Occupancy (%) 64.9%
Table 6: Noise Contour Area
2016 57dB LAeq16hr 24.3km2
1 There are slightly different figures for 2016 published by the CAA.
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4 Application Documents and Additional Material
4.1 STAL submitted the 35+ planning application to UDC on 22 February 2018. A list of documents which formed the original planning application along with various additional material and documents submitted to support the application are found within the Core Document list.
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5 Relevant Policy
5.1 There are a number of adopted and emerging aviation policy documents, as well as legislative changes, that are relevant to the application and will be referred to at the Inquiry.
Government Policy relevant to Aviation
5.2 Policy documents, which form part of current Government Policy (at time the of this Statement being signed) are:
• Aviation Policy Framework, March 2013 (CD 14.1) • Beyond the Horizon: The future of UK aviation; Making best use of existing
runways, HM Government, June 2018, (CD 14.2) 5.3 Other documents published by Government, include:
• Beyond the horizon: The future of UK aviation – Next Steps towards an Aviation Strategy, HM Government, April 2018 (CD 14.47). Setting out how the Government will take account of the responses to the call for evidence through the next phase of the Aviation Strategy.
• Aviation 2050: The future of UK aviation – A consultation, HM Government, December 2018, (CD 14.27). A Government consultation seeking feedback on its green paper which outlines proposals for a new aviation strategy.
• Decarbonising Transport – Setting the Challenge (Department of Transport, March 2020) (CD 17.38).
5.4 ‘Decarbonising Transport: Setting the Challenge’ is a precursor to the Government’s ‘Transport Decarbonisation Plan’ which is anticipated to be published later in 2020. The Plan is intended to set out “what government, business and society will need to do to deliver the significant emissions reduction needed across all modes of transport”. Aviation is identified as a mode of transport within the ‘Decarbonising Transport’ report and is therefore relevant to the application. The report also states that later in 2020 a consultation on net zero aviation is to be published by the Department for Transport.
Development Plan
5.5 Throughout the application’s determination period UDC had been progressing a replacement local plan, with the Regulation 19 Pre-submission Local Plan published in June 2018. Following its Examination and the subsequent receipt of the Joint Inspector’s letter, the Council has since formally withdrawn the emerging plan.
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5.6 Accordingly, the adopted development plan is the Uttlesford Local Plan (2005) (CD 14.9), which was adopted on 20 January 2005. The majority of policies were saved by direction of the Secretary of State On 21 December 2007, and in line with the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF, 2019), the Plan’s policies are to be attributed weight based on their consistency with the NPPF.
5.7 Within the Stansted Airport boundary, the Local Plan identifies six separate development zones, accommodating various land uses defined in policies AIR1 to AIR5:
• Policy AIR1- Development in the Terminal Support Area; • Policy AIR2 - Cargo Handling/Aircraft Maintenance Area; • Policy AIR3 - Development in the Southern Ancillary Area; • Policy AIR4 - Development in the Northern Ancillary Area; and • Policy AIR5 - The Long-Term Car Park.
5.8 Other planning policies in the Local Plan that are specific to Stansted Airport include:
• Policy AIR6 - Strategic Landscape Areas; • Policy AIR7 - Public Safety Zones; and • Policy S4 - Stansted Airport Boundary.
5.9 In addition to the site-specific policy set out above, the Local Plan also contains a
series of policies on general matters, such as access and design, and specific themes such as environment and transport, which are relevant to the application. The following policies were recited in the reasons for refusal issued by the Council on 29 January 2020:
• Policy GEN1 – Access [refusal reason 4] • Policy GEN6 – Infrastructure Provision to Support Development [refusal reason
4] • Policy GEN7 – Nature Conservation [refusal reason 4] • Policy ENV7 – The Protection of the Natural Environment – Designated Sites
[refusal reason 4] • Policy ENV11 – Noise Generators [refusal reason 1 and 4] • Policy ENV13 – Exposure to Poor Air Quality [refusal reason 2 and 4]
5.10 Further policies that are relevant to conditions and the S106 Agreement include:
• Policy GEN3 – Flood Protection • Policy ENV12 – Protection of Water Resources
Application of Local Plan policy
5.11 The proposed airfield infrastructure would be located on un-shaded land within the
Stansted Airport boundary in the Local Plan.
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Supplementary Planning Guidance - UDC
5.12 The Council prepared the Uttlesford Noise Assessment Technical Guidance (2017) in relation to the Council’s Local Plan policy on noise and is designed to take account of Planning Practice Guidance, British Standards, National Policy and other guidance. It provides guidance for applicants, developers and acoustic consultants in relation to noise in a planning context to encourage good acoustic design and is principally aimed at new residential development.
5.13 This supplementary guidance is not directly relevant to the appeal proposal.
Legislative & policy changes
5.14 Relevant policy / legislative changes since February 2018 include: • Airport National Policy Statement: new runway capacity and infrastructure
in the south-east of England, June 2018 (CD 14.3) declared unlawful in R (Plan B Earth) V Secretary Of State For Transport And Others [2020] EWCA Civ 214 but awaiting Supreme Court decision October 2020.
• The Airports (Noise-related Operating Restrictions) England and Wales) Regulations, 2018
• Commission Directive (EU) 2020/367 The Climate Change Act 2008 (2050 Target Amendment) Order 26 June 2019
Other relevant documents
5.15 The updated National Planning Policy Framework (February 2019) is relevant.
5.16 Other relevant policy, guidance, and other documents since February 2018 will be covered in the topic based SoCGs.
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6 Conditions & Section106 Agreement
6.1 The parties’ respective positions on planning conditions and Section 106 obligations in the event of the appeal being allowed are still to be set out. STAL and UDC have provided an agreed note (dated 09 October 2020) in response to the Inspector’s question about the relationship between the appeal and the previous permissions.
Conditions
6.2 A draft decision notice issued April 2019 prepared by UDC is included at CD 12.17 containing a list of possible conditions. These drafted conditions will form the starting point for discussion about possible conditions at the relevant Inquiry session.
S106 Obligations
6.3 A copy of the amended Section106 Agreement from January 2020 is located at CD 11.20. This was agreed and signed by STAL and Essex County Council ahead of the planning committee on 17 & 20th January 2020.
6.4 The Section 106 Statement of Compliance has been completed for the January 2020 Section 106 Agreement and is referenced as CD 12.16.
6.5 The January 2020 Section106 Agreement is consistent with the Section 106 Heads of Terms presented at the November 2018 Planning Committee by UDC.
6.6 The January 2020 Section 106 Agreement is the starting point but will be reconsidered in the light of the ES Addendum.
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7 Topic Matters of Agreement (Matters other than Refusal Reasons)
7.1 The following sets out the position with respect to the 2018 Environmental Statement (ES) and without prejudice to the contents of the forthcoming ES Addendum (expected mid-October 2020).
Development Programme and Construction Environmental Management
7.2 Chapter 5 of the 35+ ES (CD 7.5) provides an overview of the duration, spatial extent and work activities likely to occur during the construction of the proposed airfield infrastructure and outlines the general environmental management principles and procedures which STAL and its appointed contractors will adopt throughout the construction works. It is agreed that, with these principles and procedures applied, alongside the imposition of a Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) condition, it is possible to avoid or reduce any adverse environmental effects arising from the construction works.
Water Resources and Flood Risk
7.3 Chapter 15 of the 35+ ES (CD 7.15) and the Water Technical Note included as part of the ‘Consultation Response and Clarifications’ document (July 2018 (CD 11.2)) considers the impacts of the proposed development on flood risk, hydrology, foul drainage, surface and ground water quality and potable water supply. It is agreed that the assessment methodology, baseline conditions, approach and level of detail is proportionate and appropriate for the application and that with the incorporated and committed mitigation measures (as set out in the revised draft January 2020 Section 106 Agreement (CD 11.20) and the proposed draft conditions (CD 12.14)) there are no significant adverse effects on water resources and flood risk.
ES ‘Non-Significant’ Topics
7.4 Chapter 16 of the 35+ ES (CD 7.16) considers the environmental topics that were examined at the EIA scoping stage and determined to be unlikely to be materially affected by the proposed development or to have the potential to give rise to significant environmental effects. The non-significant topics were grouped together and presented in the chapter in accordance with the environmental ‘factors’ listed in the EIA Regulations, namely:
• Bio-diversity • Land and Soil (including contamination); • Cultural Heritage (including archaeology and built heritage assets); • Landscape (including visual impacts); • Waste; and • Major Accidents and/or Disasters.
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7.5 With the exception of the assessment of impacts on biodiversity due to emissions to air, it is agreed that the approach, level of detail and assessment for each of the above factors is proportionate and appropriate for the application and that the proposed development with mitigation (for Great Crested Newts), will not give rise to any significant environmental effects with regard to the topics/factors listed above.
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Appendix 1 Agreed Acronym Definitions
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Acronym / Term Meaning / Definition
A A319 / A320/
A321 Airbus narrow body, short to medium range aircraft.
AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic Flows (surface access)
AC Airports Commission
ACA Airport Carbon Accreditation
ACAF Airport Commission Appraisal Framework
ACDM Airport Collaborative Decision Making
ACL Airports Coordination Limited
ADF Aircraft De-icing Fluids
ADMS Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System
AEED Aircraft Engine Emissions Databank
AGA Aircraft Engine Emissions Databank
Airside The areas of the airport which require full security screening to gain
access to.
AM
Aircraft Movement
Any aircraft take-off or landing at an airport. These could be either commercial or non-commercial flights. For airport traffic purposes one arrival and one departure are counted as two movements.
ANASE Attitudes to Noise from Aviation Sources in England
ANCON
Aircraft Noise Contour.
Model used by the CAA’s Environmental Research and Consultancy Department to produce noise contours.
ANIS Air Noise Index Study
ANOMS Airport Noise Monitoring and Management System
AOA Airport Operators Association
APD Air Passenger Duty
APEC Air Pollution Exposure Criteria
APF Aviation Policy Framework 2013.
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Government policy for aviation
APIS Air Pollution Information System
Apron A defined area on a land aerodrome provided for the stationing of
aircraft for the embarkation and disembarkation of passengers, the loading and unloading of cargo, fuelling, and for parking.
APU
Auxiliary Power Unit
Internal aircraft engine, usually tail-mounted, for powering aircraft systems including hydraulics & air for engine start and cabin conditioning.
APV Advanced Passenger Vehicle
AQMA Air Quality Management Area
ARFF Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting service
ARP UK Adaptation Reporting Power
ASAS Airport Surface Access Strategy
ATC Air Traffic Control
ATCs Automated Traffic Counts
ATM
Air Transport Movement
Landings or take offs of aircraft engaged in the transport of passenger or freight or mail on commercial terms. All scheduled movements, including those operated empty, loaded charter and air taxi movements are included.
ATP Airport Travel Plan
ATWP Air Transport White Paper
B
BAA Former British Airports Authority and BAA plc
BAP Biodiversity Action Plan
BAU Business As Usual
Bellyhold Cargo Cargo carried on passenger aircraft.
BPM Best Practicable Means
BS British Standard
C
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CAA Civil Aviation Authority
CAEP Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate
CATM Cargo Air Transport Movement (see ATM)
CCAPR Climate Change Adaptation Progress Report
CCC Committee on Climate Change
Independent body providing advice to the UK Government
CCG Clinical Commissioning Group
CCRA UK Climate Change Risk Assessment
CDA
Continuous Descent Approach
Flight procedure that is in place on Runway 22 (landing from the NE).
CEMP Construction Environmental Management Plan
CERC Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants
CH4 Methane
CIL Community Infrastructure Levy
CIP STAL’s Capital Investment Programme
Climate Description of the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area,
typically over a 30-year period.
Climate change A change in climate conditions that can be statistically identified by
changes in the mean and/or variability of its properties that persists for decades or longer.
Climate hazard An extreme weather event which poses a threat to an environment,
population or development.
Climate impact The impact of an extreme weather event on an environment,
population or development.
Climate risk Likelihood of a climate hazard occurring multiplied by the potential
impact of this hazard.
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CO2e CO2 equivalent emissions
CoCP Code of Construction Practice
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Code C
ICAO Aerodrome Reference
Code C aircraft has a wingspan of 24m or more but < 36 m. Example aircraft 737-800 or A320
Code E
ICAO Aerodrome Reference
Code E aircraft has a wingspan of 52m or more but < 65m. Example aircraft 777-300
COMEAP Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants
Construction Phase assessment
Assessment of the construction of the new airfield infrastructure between 2021 and 2022. The ‘Construction Assessment Year’ is 2022.
CORSIA Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation
CRFs Concentration-Response Factors
CRTN Calculation of Road Traffic Noise
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
CTMP Construction Transport Management Plan
D
DAP Director of Airspace Policy (CAA)
DAS Design and Access Statement. Prepared by STAL and submitted
February 2018.
DAS (Natural England’s) Discretionary Advice Service
dB Decibel
dBA A-weighted decibel
DBEIS Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
DC Development Case
Assessment in the ES of the impact of the proposed development.
DCLG Department for Communities and Local Government
DCO Development Consent Order
DECEIS Department for Business, Energy and Industrial
DEFRA Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs
Development Case
The proposed development, i.e. allow growth up 43mppa to make the best and more efficient use of the existing single runway.
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DfT Department of Transport
DM
Do Minimum
Assessment in the ES of the impact without the proposed development
DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges
DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges
Do Minimum scenario
The existing 35mppa cap and aircraft movement limits are retained.
E
EA Environment Agency
EASA European Aviation Safety Agency
EC European Commission
ECC Essex County Council
EDMS Emissions and Dispersion Modelling System
EEA European Economic Area
EEFM East of England Forecasting Model (employment)
EFT Defra’s Emissions Factor Toolkit
EGR Engine Ground Run
EHDC East Herts District Council
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMEP/EEA European Environment Agency
EMS Environmental Management System
END European Noise Directive
EPfE Economic Plan for Essex
ERCD Civil Aviation Authority’s Environmental Research and Consultancy
Department
ES
Environmental Statement
The Environmental Statement, prepared by STAL and submitted February 2018. The ES and its supporting technical appendices present the findings of the EIA.
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EU European Union
EU ETS European Union Emission Trading Scheme
EUROCONTROL European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation
Extreme weather event
Events at the extremes of the full range of weather conditions and climate patterns experienced in the past.
F
FDI Foreign Direct Investment
FEGP
Fixed Electrical Ground Power
Ground based system of electrical power on all permanent south side stands capable of providing electricity for aircraft systems at 115/200volts 400HZ. Separate transformers are available for aircraft requiring 28volts.
FOCA Swiss Federal Office for Civil Association
FOD Foreign Object Debris
FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency
FRA Flood Risk Assessment
G
GCGP Greater Cambridge Greater Peterborough
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GFC Global Financial Crisis
GHG Greenhouse Gases
GPDO General Permitted Development Order
GPU
Ground Power Unit
Diesel powered mobile generator for providing aircraft power on stand.
GSE Ground Support Equipment
This includes airside vehicles.
GVA Gross Value Added
H
H2O Water (vapour)
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Ha Hectare
HAL Heathrow Airport Limited
HAP Health Action Plan
HCC Hertfordshire County Council
HE Highways England
HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons
HGV Heavy Goods Vehicle
HIA Health Impact Assessment
HML High Mast Lighting
HRA Habitats Regulations Assessment
HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning
HYENA Hypertension and Exposure to Noise near Airports Study
I
IAQM Institute of Air Quality Management
IATA International Air Transport Association
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
ICCAN Independent Commission on Civil Aviation Noise
IEMA Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment
ILS Instrument Landing System
IPC Infrastructure Planning Commission
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
J
JSNAs Joint Strategic Needs Assessments
K
Km Kilometres
kW/hr Kilowatt-hour
L
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LAeq LAeq is the noise measure used to describe the average sound level
experienced over a period of time resulting in a single decibel value.
LAeq,16h 16-hour daytime LAeq value for the period 07:00 to 23:00 based on
summer operations during the 92 day period from mid-June to mid-September.
LAeq,8h
8-hour night-time LAeq value for the period 23:00 to 07:00 based on summer operations during the 92 day period from mid-June to mid-September.
LAMP London Airspace Management Programme
Landside The areas of the airport which do not require full security screening
to gain access to.
LCC
Low Cost Carrier.
Low-cost carriers apply a business model that relies on reducing operating costs to provide passengers with relatively low-cost tickets.
LCLIPs Local Climate Impact Profiles
Lden The average noise level over a 24-hour period which incorporates
weightings to reflect evening (19:00 to 23:00) and night-time (23:00 to 07:00) operations.
LEP Local Enterprise Partnership
LGW London Gatwick Airport
LHR London Heathrow Airport
Listed Building Building identified on the English Heritage statutory list as being
historically and/or architecturally important.
LLFA Lead Local Flood Authority
Lnight
8-hour night-time LAeq value for the period 23:00 to 07:00 based on annual operations; plotted from 45 to 60 dB in 5 dB increments
Load Factor Percentage of available capacity used. When relating to passenger
traffic the percentage of seats occupied
LOAEL
Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level.
This is the level above which adverse effects on health and quality of life can be detected.
LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level
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LPA Local Planning Authority – Uttlesford District Council (UDC)
LPG Liquefied petroleum gas
LSCC
London-Stansted-Cambridge-Corridor
Consortium is a partnership of public and private organisations from North London to Stansted, Cambridge and Peterborough
LSOAs Lower Super Output Areas
LTN Luton Airport
LTO Landing and Take-Off
LTP Local Transport Plan
LWS Local Wildlife Sites
M
MAG Manchester Airport Group
Owner of Stansted Airport Limited
MAX8 / 737MAX8
Boeing 737 MAX8 aircraft
MAX200/
737MAX200
Boeing 737 Max 200 aircraft – a specific variant of the 737 MAX8 for Ryanair
MBU
‘Making Best Use’ Policy 2018
Beyond the horizon, the future of UK aviation: Making best use of existing runways.
MCCs Manual Classified Counts
MCLG Ministry of Communities and Local Government
mppa Million passengers per annum
MRO Maintenance-Repair-Overhaul
MtCO2e Million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
N
N65 / N60
Noise metrics that identify the number of overflights, aggregated over the busy 3-month summer period (mid-June to mid-September), experienced at locations in the community that meet or exceed 65 dB LAmax during the daytime (07:00 to 23:00) or 60 dB LAmax during the night-time (23:00 to 07:00).
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NAEI National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory
NAbP Noise Abatement Procedures.
Procedures adopted by all aircraft operating at STN.
NAcP Noise Action Plan
Latest Stansted NAP: Noise Action Plan 2019-2023
Narrow bodied aircraft
A narrow-body aircraft has a cabin allowing for a single aisle. Narrow-body aircraft are commonly used for short-haul flights.
NATS
NATS Holdings (formerly National Air Traffic Services)
The main air navigation service provider in the UK including provision of en-route air traffic control services to all flights in the UK. ATC provider for STN. Approach and ground control ATC provider at STN.
NE Natural England
NF3 Nitrogen trifluoride
Night noise regime
The Government sets restrictions on the operation of aircraft at night at Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted airports.
NMTKS Noise Monitoring and Track Keeping System.
NNAS National Noise Attitude Survey
NNR National Nature Reserve
NO Nitric oxide
NO2 Nitrogen dioxide
NOEL
No Observed Effect Level
This is the level below which no effect can be detected. In simple terms, below this level, there is no detectable effect on health and quality of life due to the noise.
Noise contours Noise contours are lines on a map showing where equal levels of
noise are experienced.
NOx Nitrogen oxides
Air quality pollutant.
NPPF National Planning Policy Framework
Latest version February 2019
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NPPG National Planning Policy Guidance
NPRs
Noise Preferential Route.
Paths followed by aircraft that are designed to avoid overflight of built-up areas where possible. Six NPRs are in place for STN.
NPS National Policy Statement.
The Airports NPS was published June 2018.
NPSE
Noise Policy Statement for England, 2010
England’s noise policy that applies to all forms of noise including environmental noise, neighbour noise and neighbourhood noise.
NRMM Non-Road Mobile Machinery
NSIP Nationally Significant Infrastructure Project
NTS
Non-Technical Summary
A summary of the ES in plain English, non-technical language, as required by the EIA Regulations
O
O3 Ozone
OEF Oxford Economic Forecasting
OLS Obstacle Limitation Surfaces
ONS Office for National Statistics
Operational Area The area containing the airport’s facilities and operations. The land
within the Airport Boundary in the Local Plan.
Operational Phase assessment
The changes between the Do Minimum and Development Case in 2028 (the Principal Assessment Year).
OS Ordnance Survey
‘Other’ AM
Other Aircraft Movement
Relevant only to the 2008 Planning Permission conditions in force at Stansted Airport: an aircraft movement which is not controlled by condition ATM1 (i.e. a PATM or CATM)
P
P/ATM Passenger per (passenger) Air Transport Movement
PATM Passenger Air Transport Movement (see ATM)
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Pax
Terminal Passengers
A passenger joining or leaving an aircraft at the reporting airport. A passenger travelling between two reporting airports is counted twice, once at each airport. A passenger who changes from one aircraft to another, carrying the same flight number (change of gauge) is treated as a terminal passenger.
PBN Performance Based Navigation.
PCM Pollution Climate Mapping
PD Permitted Development
PEA Preliminary Ecological Appraisal
PFCs Perfluorocarbons
PIA Personal Injury Accident
PINS Planning Inspectorate
PM Particulate Matter
PM10 Particulate Matter that is 10 micrometres or less in diameter
PM2.5 Particulate Matter that is 2.5 micrometres or less in diameter
pNO2 Primary NO2 - Nitrogen Dioxide emitted directly from a source.
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
PPG Planning Practice Guidance
Principal Assessment Year
The year in which the proposed cap will be reached under Development Case is 2028. The ES assesses and describes the incremental changes in effects between the Do Minimum and Development Case scenarios in this year.
PRM Passengers with reduced mobility
PRNAV Precision Area Navigation
Project Stansted Airport 35+ Project; 35+ Project; Building for the Future:
35+
PSZ Public Safety Zone
PTI
Public Transport Interchange
The facility allows for easy and convenience to access between the terminal building and all forms of public transport (bus, coach and rail services) at STN.
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Q
QC
Quota Count
Aircraft operating at night are classified according to a weighting attributed to the arrival or departure of a specified aircraft type by reference to its certificated noise performance, divided into 3EPNdB bands. STN has a fixed quota for each summer and winter season.
R
R3 The ‘third runway’ proposed at London Heathrow Airport
RAF Royal Air Force
RANCH Road Traffic and Aircraft Noise Exposure and Children’s Cognition
and Health
RAT
Rapid Access Taxiway
A taxiway connected to a runway which allows for aircraft to access the runway faster than conventional taxiways.
Remote Stand A defined area of a land provided for the stationing of aircraft that
is located away from the main apron area.
Resilience The ability of a system to anticipate, withstand, adapt to and
recover from shocks and stresses.
RET
Rapid Exit Taxiway
A taxiway connected to a runway at an acute angle and designed to allow landing aeroplanes to turn off at higher speeds than are achieved on other exit taxiways thereby minimizing runway occupancy times.
REVIHAAP Review of Evidence on Health Aspects of Air Pollution
RIS Road Investment Strategy
RTPI Royal Town Planning Institute
Runway A defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the
landing and take-off run of aircraft along its length.
S
S106
Section 106
Section 106 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (as amended).
SAC Special Area of Conservation
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SARPs Standards and Recommended Practices
SATF Stansted Area Transport Forum
SCI Statement of Community Involvement.
Prepared by STAL and submitted February 2018.
SDP
Sustainable Development Plan.
Published by STAL in 2015 and sets out the context for the growth and sustainable development of STN.
SEGS Stand Entry Guidance System
SEL Sound Exposure Level
SEL footprints
(80dBA and 90dBA)
Single event noise exposure for the most frequent aircraft types operating in the night-time period(s)
SEN Southend Airport
SF6 Sulphur hexafluoride
SFRA Strategic Flood Risk Assessment
SIDs
Standard Instrument Departure routes
The planned flight procedure followed by an aircraft immediately after take-off.
SiEL Single Event Level
SIGS
Sound Insulation Grant Scheme.
STAL has offered a SIGS since 2005. The scheme is available to homeowners in areas exposed to aircraft noise levels above certain limits. An enhanced scheme is proposed as part of the 35+ S106.
Site Stansted Airport; Stansted; the airport
SO
Scoping Opinion.
Issued by UDC in December 2017 in response to a Request for a SO by STAL in June 2017.
SOAEL
Significant Observed Adverse Effect Level
This is the level above which significant adverse effects on health and quality of life occur.
It is not possible to have a single objective noise-based measure that defines SOAEL that is applicable to all sources of noise in all
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situations. Consequently, the SOAEL is likely to be different for different noise sources, for different receptors and at different times.
SoNA Survey of attitudes to aircraft noise (2014)
CAA Survey of noise attitudes 2014: Aircraft.
SPD Supplementary Planning Document
SPG Supplementary Planning Guidance
SRN Strategic Road Network
SSE Stop Stansted Expansion
SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest
STACC Stansted Airport Consultative Committee
STAL Stansted Airport Limited
The Appellant.
Stand (or Aircraft Stand)
A designated area on an aerodrome to be used for parking an aircraft.
STEM Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths
STN London Stansted Airport
SuDS Sustainable Drainage Systems
T
TA Transport Assessment
Taxiing Movement of an aircraft on the surface of an aerodrome or an
operating site under its own power, excluding take-off and landing.
Taxiway A defined path on a land aerodrome established for the taxiing of
aircraft and intended to provide a link between one part of the aerodrome and another.
TEMPro Tool for viewing National Trip End Model forecasts published by the
Department for Transport.
TMA Terminal manoeuvring area – a designated area of controlled
airspace surrounding a major airport where there is a high volume of traffic.
TOCs Train Operating Companies
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Transitional Year The year in which the existing cap will be reached under Do
Minimum and Development Case scenarios is 2023. This does not need to be assessed, therefore it is described as the future baseline.
TTS Tracked Transit System.
TWUL Thames Water Utilities Limited
U
UAEL
Unacceptable Adverse Effect Level
The concept of an Unacceptable Adverse Effect Level (UEAL) was introduced in the 2014 Planning Practice Guidance. UAEL represents a situation where noise is ‘noticeable’, ‘very disruptive’ and should be ‘prevented’.
UDC Uttlesford District Council
The Local Planning Authority
UK United Kingdom
ULP Uttlesford Local Plan 2005
The adopted Development Plan for Uttlesford District
UU Unilateral Undertaking
V
VDGS Visual Docking Guidance System
vpd Vehicles per day
W
WAML
West Anglia Main Line
London to Cambridge West Anglia Main Line. Stansted Airport rail station is the terminus off a purpose-built spur off the WAML.
WCS Water Cycle Study
Weather Conditions of the atmosphere over a short period of time (minutes
to months).
WFD Water Framework Directive
WG Weather Generator
WHO World Health Organisation
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Wide bodied aircraft
A wide-body aircraft has a cabin width allowing two aisles to be accommodated (and thus more passengers sat side by side).
WMS Water Management System
WWTP Waste Water Treatment Plant
Number / Symbols
μg/m3 The concentration of an air pollutant given in micrograms (one-
millionth of a gram) per cubic meter air
25+
Section 73 application (UDC ref: UTT/0717/06/FUL) submitted in 2006 and consented at appeal (PINS ref: APP/C1570/A/06/2032287) to increase the passenger cap to 35mppa and aircraft movements to 264,000 ATMs plus 10,000 ‘Other’ movements. The application was accompanied by an ES.
35+
The application for full planning permission for new airfield infrastructure, with an associated increase of the passenger cap to 43mppa and a singular aircraft movement limit. The application is accompanied by this ES.
738 / 737-800 Boeing 738 / Boeing 737-800
Narrow body, short to medium range aircraft.
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Appendix 2
Airport Plan
