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Generating electricity from natural gas: The way forward for Nigeria. A presentation by: NNPC FSTP Class E, study group 3. Presentation outline. INTRODUCTION. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Generating electricity from natural gas:
The way forward for Nigeria
A presentation by: NNPC FSTP
Class E, study group 3
Presentation outline
Introduction
Current power generation status in Nigeria
Power generation using natural gas
Technology and challenges of using natural gas
Achieving the target
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge. It is both a basic part of nature and one of our most widely
used forms of energy.
Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture
consisting primarily of methane, result from the decomposition of plant and animal materials
over millions of years
NATURAL GAS + TECHNOLOGY = ELECTRICITY
CURRENT POWER GENERATION STATUS IN NIGERIA
Installed capacity Available capacity Demand
Electricity in Mega watts
8644 3800 60000
5000
15000
25000
35000
45000
55000
65000
Power generation status in Nigeria
Current power status contd…
South Africa Brazil Nigeria
Population (In Millions) 50 192 150
Electricity supply ('000 MWs)
40 100 3.8
25
75
125
175
225
Comparison of power generation and population
Issues of power generation in Nigeria
Under-Investment
Stagnated Power Generation Growth
Inadequate Operations and Maintenance
Lack of Human Capacity development
Issues of power generation in Nigeria
Under utilization of natural resources (natural gas)
Seasonal variance due to dependence on Hydro electricity
Lack of Private sector involvement
Natural gas option
Steam Generation
units
Gas turbines unit/ Natural gas fired reciprocating unit
Combine cycle units
Natural gas fuel
Cell Units
Natural gas can be used to generate electricity in a number of ways
Natural gas option• Steam Generation units
This the most basic system use for electric generation. It consists of a steam generation unit, where fossil fuels are burned in a boiler
to heat water and produce steam that
then turns a turbine to generate electricity
Natural gas option• Gas turbines unit/ Natural gas fired reciprocating unit
In these types of units, instead of heating steam to turn a turbine, hot gases from burning fossil fuels (natural
gas) are used to turn the turbine
and generate electricity
Natural gas optionCombine cycle unitsthere is both a gas
turbine and a steam unit, all in
one. The gas turbine
operates in much the same way as a
normal gas turbine,
the waste heat from the gas-
turbine process is directed toward
generating steam, which is then used
to generate electricity.
Natural gas optionNatural gas fuel Cell
Units
Natural gas fuel cell technologies are in development for the generation of electricity. Fuel cells are sophisticated devices that use hydrogen to generate
electricity, much like a battery. No emissions are involved in the
generation of electricity from fuel cells, and natural gas, being a
hydrogen rich source of fuel, can be used
Natural gas optionThe Nigerian Advantage
Nigeria holds the 7th largest
natural gas reserves in the
world, with 187 trillion cubic
feet and a further undiscovered
potential of 600 trillion cubic
feet of gas.
Natural gas optionAdvantages of power generation using
natural gasFewer Emissions
• Cogeneration
Combined Cycle Generation
• Cheaper
Fuel Cells
Natural gas optionChallenges of power generation using
natural gasStatistics of Nigeria's Natural Gas Resource
Natural Gas Reserves 187 tcf
Daily Production 8.0 billion cubic feet per day
Gas Flared 1.4 billion cubic feet per day
18% of gas produced daily is flared
Natural gas optionChallenges of power generation using
natural gasOther challenges include:
Regular Vandalism of Gas Power Installations
Inefficient investment in generation and distribution
High capital intensive nature of gas power projects
Inefficient and inadequate gas transmission networks
Poor utilization of existing assets and deferred maintenance
Delays in the implementation of new projects
Inefficient billing and metering system: low efficiency in billing
and revenue collection by distribution companies thereby
discouraging investors
Achieving the target
• Power Generation gap of 26,561MW expected to be closed by 2020. Consequently, an annual growth of approximately 3,000MW is required
Achieving the target (The role of NNPC)
• NNPC should encourage the multinational oil companies (JVs and PSCs) in Nigeria to embark on IPPs.
• NNPC in collaboration with the oil majors has commenced construction another pipeline system in order to double the capacity
• NNPC also supplies natural gas to PHCN at subsidised rate and ahead of payment