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GENERATION IV REACTOR COOLANT

MONITORING USING ADONIS GAMMA

RAYS SPECTROMETER

IAEA TECHNICAL MEETING ON IN-PILE TESTING AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR

DEVELOPMENT OF GENERATION-IV FUELS AND MATERIALS

21ST TO 24TH AUGUST 2012

Romain COULON

Stéphane NORMAND

| PAGE 1

I. PRESENTATION

1ER SEPTEMBRE 2012 | PAGE 2 CEA | 10 AVRIL 2012

PRESENTATION OF THE CEA / LCAE

Sensors and Electronics Architectures Laboratory

Development of nuclear instruments (Industry, Security, Defense)

Design of nuclear sensors (Nuclear Physics)

Analyze of radioactive waste by IPA (Nuclear Physics)

Synthetizes of fluorescents materials (Organic chemistry)

Nano structuration of fluorescents materials (Optical physics)

Development of Front-End electronics (Analog electronics)

Development of DSP based on FPGA platform (Digital electronics)

Development of signal processing algorithms (Mathematics statistics)

Development of IHM, communications and dedicated mechanics (Software & mechanics)

Industrial collaborations

1ER SEPTEMBRE 2012 | PAGE 3 CEA | AUGUST 24th 2012

WHAT WE ARE DOING FOR REACTORS

Reactor applications

SUB-MARINE REACTORS

Development of a high dynamics neutrons channel (AREVA-TA)

System MARINE set into nuclear submarine (AREVA-TA)

Upgrade of N16 leakage detection system (AREVA-TA)

PRESSURIZED WATER REACTORS

Qualification of AGR neutron flux detectors (EDF Energy)

Upgrade of the scintillator based systems (EDF)

Development of gamma spectroscopy systems for PWR (EDF)

FOR SODIUM-COOLED FAST REACTORS (ASTRID)

Design of a mono-mode neutron channel using third order cumulants (CEA

DEN)

Study performance of high temperature fission chambers (CEA DEN)

Irradiation of materials using SAPHIR fast neutron flux (CEA DEN)

Development of gamma spectroscopy systems for Gen. IV reactors

(CEA DEN)

1ER SEPTEMBRE 2012 | PAGE 4

2020/25 – Building

of ASTRID

2010 - Shutdown of

PHENIX

CEA | AUGUST 24th 2012

II. SODIUM COOLANT

GAMMA SPECTROSCOPY


ACTIVATION PRODUCTS ANALYSIS


FISSION PRODUCTS ANALYSIS


III. THE ADONIS

SPECTROMETER


GAMMA SPECTROSCOPY

Conventional spectrometers show difficulties to conduct

on-line measurements when activity could change brutally

Parameters of linear trapezoidal or cups filters are set in regards to experimental

conditions

As a compromise between energy resolution and count rate ability

Could not maintain metrological stability when the dead time get above 40 %

Intrinsic limitations of “pile-up rejection” “life time correction” and “zeros dead

time” technics due to the previous pulse chapping


A nonlinear filter has been developed by the CEA

in order to achieve a robust measurement during

transient activity and high count rates


THE ADONIS NONLINEAR SMOOTHER


E. Barat, NIM A567-1, 350-352,2006

A state model of the digitalized

gamma signal

Collection of charges

Baseline evolution

Electronic noise

Dynamic noise matrix

𝑟𝑘 = 1 → 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠

𝑟𝑘 = 0 → 𝑛𝑜 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠


Observation

THE ADONIS NONLINEAR SMOOTHER


E. Barat, NIM A567-1, 350-352,2006

Use of a bimodal Kalman smoother (optimal estimation)

Prediction of the signal

Variance of the prediction

Innovation (comparison perdition

vs. observation)

Variance of the innovation

If then else

Accurate dead time estimation CEA | AUGUST 24th 2012

ADONIS GAMMA RAYS SPECTROMETER

METROLOGICAL STABILITY MAINTAINED IN NPPs

RADIATION ENVIRONNEMENT

Conventional spectrometers are limited for industrial applications (process

measurement)

ADONIS shows metrological stability whatever the environnemental conditions

Adaptive system: gives always an optimal filtering during transient activity (as power

increase or FP release)


IV. TESTS AT THE PHENIX

SFR


TEST AT THE PHENIX SFR PROTOTYPE

Fluorine 20 signal could performs a power measurement with

An improve axial offset stability A limited temperature effect

Experimentally measured at the French PHENIX reactor in 2009.


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image

RESULTS OBTAINED DURING PHENIX TESTS


20F Signal vs. Heat power

• Uncertainty : 28 % (non-optimized

experimental set-up)

• No build-up & temperature effects

• Promising power tagging agent

24Na Signal vs. Heat power

• Build-up of the 24Na

• Impact of temperature

V. DESIGN OF A

SPECTROMETRY SYSTEM

FOR ASTRID SFR


A SYSTEM FOR THE GEN. IV ASTRID REACTOR

We are developing a spectroscopy system for the future French Generation IV

prototype ASTRID (under investigation)




ou


image

CLAD FAILURE DETECTION USING SHORT LIFES

FISSION PRODUCTS

Fission products could not be measured by conventional spectrometers due to the

high sodium 24 gamma activity

So, clad failure are detected by delayed neutrons detection (DND) or by degasing

and decaying of the coolant activity

A direct measurement using ADONIS spectrometer could improve the early

detection of clad failures




ou


image

VI. CONCLUSION


CONCLUSION


REACTOR COOLANT MONITORING Thanks to the stability of ADONIS at high count rates it is now possible to assure a robust gamma spectroscopy to monitor reactor coolants The system has already shows is ability to monitor the reactor power by fluorine 20 measurement (at PHENIX) The ADONIS system is particularly adapted to monitor fast activity changing as failure analysis. We are searching a facility to test ADONIS for monitoring clad failures (water or sodium loops…).

DRT / LIST

DCSI

LCAE

Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives

Centre de Saclay | 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex

T. +33 (0)1 69 08 84 91 |

Etablissement public à caractère industriel et commercial | RCS Paris B 775

685 019 1ER SEPTEMBRE 2012

| PAGE 21

CEA | 10 AVRIL 2012

Thanks for your attention.

A.I. TESTS AT SAPHIR

ACCELERATOR


SAPHIR : une plate-forme dédiée à la mesure nucléaire

Développement des

méthodes IPA

Plate-forme de test pour codes et systèmes

nouvelle génération : SINBAD, PING, ADONIS…

Couplage des méthodes

non-destructives passives

et actives

IGA

SAPHIR

Tout juste 10 ans

Installation SAPHIR

Caractéristiques de l’installation

Dispositif construit autour d’un LINAC

Création de photons de haute énergie par

Bremsstrahlung sur une cible en tungstène

Caractéristiques du LINAC : irradiation pulsée (25 Hz

ou 50 Hz, impulsions de 2,5 µs), énergie moyenne des

électrons comprise entre 12 MeV et 20 MeV

Débit de dose à l’isocentre (1 m dans axe de la

cible) : ~12 Gy.min-1

Système d’Activation PHotonique et d’IRradiation

SAPHIR

Caractéristiques de l’installation

Convoyeur pneumatique permettant d’irradier les

échantillons et de les transporter en quelques secondes

en zone de comptage

Convoyeur mécanique dans salle d’irradiation :

masse jusqu’à 5 tonnes, mouvement translation/rotation

Détecteurs neutrons / gamma disponibles (3He,

HPGe, LaBr3, BGO)

Mesure de débit de dose en ligne via chambre PTW

Moyen d’imagerie haute énergie via l’utilisation d’un

EPID

Possibilité d’irradier en mode électrons ou en mode

neutrons (flux supérieur à celui d’un générateur

neutrons)

Convoyeur

Cible

Installation SAPHIR

Conveyor

Target

VALIDATION OF THE METHODS

Waiting ASTRID, we regarding other facilities to continue testing ADONIS for NPP’s

application

First tests of sodium activation using an electron accelerator

SEPTEMBER 1, 2012 | PAGE 27



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image

The SAPHIR

facility

Set-up of the experimental test

GAMMA SPECTRUM AFTER IRRADIATION OF NAOH


We investigate the possibility to build a water and a sodium loops at the SAPHIR

accelerator.

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Generation iv reactor coolant monitoring using adonis ... · GENERATION IV REACTOR COOLANT MONITORING USING ... Mesure de débit de dose en ligne via ... Generation iv reactor coolant