Generic Structure

To describe the way

things are (for

example: a man -

made thing,

animals, plants).

The things must be

a representative of

their class.

Use of general nouns Use of present tenseUse of technical termsIntroducing group or general aspectUsing conditional logical connection; when, so, etc.

General classification (introduces the topic of the report/tells what phenomenon under discussion is.) Description (tell the details of topic such as physical appearance, parts, qualities, habits/behaviour).

REPORT TEXT

Language Features

Social Function

RBN AXL

Birds are interesting flying animals. They are vertebrates and warm blooded animals. They belong to aves class and they can be found all over the world.

Birds breath with their air pocket. Beside as respiration organ, air pocket also can enlarge or reduce their weight when flying or swimming.

There are many kinds of birds. Earth bird has special characteristic. They have different morphology acording to their food and their habitat. Some of them eat seeds, pollen, fish or meat. There are some species that live in land and the others live in water. Land birds live on their nest.

Female birds have specific tasks. they lay eggs and feed their baby, Beside that they look for foods for their baby.

Birds

RBN AXL

Dolphins

RBN AXL

For many years, many people

believed that the cleverest animals

after man were the chimpanzees.

Now, however, there is proof that

dolphins may be even cleverer than

these big apes. Although a dolphin

lives in the sea it is not a fish. It is a

mammal. It is in many ways,

therefore, like a human being.

Dolphins have a simple

language. They are able to talk to

one another. It may be possible for

man to learn how to talk to dolphins.

But this will not be easy because

dolphins cannot hear the kind of

sounds man can make. If man wants

to talk to dolphins, therefore, he will

have to make a third language which

both he and the dolphins can

understand.Dolphins are also very friendly

toward man. They often follow ships.

There are many stories about

dolphins guiding ships through

difficult and dangerous water.

SnakesSnakes are reptiles. These

cold blooded creatures belong to the same group as lizards. Snakes have no legs, but a long time a go they have claws to help then slitter along. Snakes often sunbathe on rocks in the warm weather. This is because snakes are cold-blooded and they need the sun’s warmth to heat their body up. Most snakes live in the country. Some types of snakes live in trees, some live in water, but most live on the ground in thick, long grass and in old logs.

Generic Structure

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why' and 'how' of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in school text books.

EXPLANATION TEXT

Focus on generic, non-human

participants. Use mainly of general and

abstract nounsaction verbssimple present tense

passive voiceconjunction of time and

causenoun phrasescomplex sentencestechnical language.  

General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.Clonclusion.

Language Features

Social Function

How Day and Night HappenThe sun seems to rise in the morning, crosses the sky during the day and sets at night. However the sun does not actually move around the earth. Earth's turning on its axis makes it look as if the sun is moves.The earth makes a complete turn on its axis for 24 hours. It is called as rotation. It causes day and night. The earth also moves around the sun. It takes 365 days or a year. This process is called revolution. The revolution process causes the changes of the season.

Example of Explanation Text

Respiration Every human needs the air that contains oxygen for breathing. Without it, we won’t life and we can’t do our daily activity. But, have you ever thought about the process of respiration?

First, the air enters through our nose. In the nose, it will be warmed by mucus membrane and it also will be cleaned by the soft hairs in the nose. After that, it flows through the throat, larinks, and trachea. And if there’s a strange thing which is brought by the air, it will be refused by a web which is located in trachea. Then, the air flows throught a branch of broncus called bronchiolus. The last, it enters into abranch of bronchiolus called Alveolus. Alveolus is collection of collection of the lung’s buble an it’s a place were the cange between oxygen and carbon dioxide happens. That’s the process of respiration that we do all the time because we are the living creature.

Example of Explanation Text

A Brief Summary of Speech Production Speech production is made possible by the specialized

movements of our vocal organs that generate speech sounds waves.

Like all sound production, speech production requires a source of energy. The source of energy for speech production is the steady stream of air that comes from the lungs as we exhale. When we breathe normally, the air stream is inaudible. To became audible, the air stream must vibrate rapidly. The vocal cords cause the air stream to vibrate.As we talk, the vocals cord open and close rapidly, chopping up the steady air stream onto a series of puffs. These puffs are heard as a buzz. But this buzz is still not speech.To produce speech sounds, the vocal tract must change shape. During speech we continually alter the shape of the vocal tract by moving the tongue and lips, etc. These movement change the acoustic properties of the vocal tract, which in turn produce the different sound of speech

How Venus Eclipse HappensOn May 16, 2010, people in most regions in the world have seen a very rare natural phenomenon. It was Venus eclipse. It was very rare amazing natural event. It was reported that the Venus eclipse will seen again in the future in 2050. Do you know how this rare Venus eclipse happens?Well, actually Venus eclipse is like Sun eclipse. Venus eclipses occurs when the position of the earth, moon and Venus is parallel. Venus planet will slowly disappear for a moment because it is covered the surface of the Moon. Venus planet seems to move to the back side of the Moon.The moon and planets are sharing a similar apparent path in the sky. That is why, it is not unusual for the moon to appear to pass close to Venus. In fact, the moon appears somewhere near it about once a month. However, most people don’t see these events because they are visible in the evening sky only half the time, and then only for a short period after sunset. The apparent closeness varies from month to month as well.