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7/26/2019 Generic Welding in the World and the Future 2011 Chris Smallbone
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WELDING IN THE WORLD AND THE FUTURE
SMALLBONE, ChrisChief Executive Officer, Welding Technology Institute of Austrli, Sydney, Austrli
!resident, Interntionl Institute of Welding "##$%"##&
IIW Me'(er countries )u*dted +n "#--.
Abstract:Since its establishment 60 years ago, the International
Institute of Welding (IIW) has had numerous successes that havehelped the world.
With world population predicted to top billion in !0"" and #
billion by !0$%, the pressures on manufacturing, infrastructure,
power generation etc. not to mention basic needs such as food,
water, shelter and education, will become enormous commonchallenges.
In !006, the IIW introduced a ma&or pro&ect entitled 'o Improve
the lobal *uality of +ife hrough ptimum -se of Welding
echnology. /any of the initiatives implemented will be of
benefit to many countries and regions, particularly with suchsignificant global growth taing place throughout the world.
It is estimated that during this ne1t decade, many trillions of -S
dollars will be spent on infrastructure pro&ects in the energy and
processing industry, in this truly global world. 2esides the
normal fabrication, construction and maintenance wor withincountries, the additional infrastructure pro&ects will create
challenges for welding technology.
Such challenges include the fabrication, construction,maintenance, inspection and testing of trillions of components
whilst ensuring that they are made efficiently and cost effectively,in an environmentally friendly manner and have high integrity
and reliability in service.
In most industrialised countries, much e3uipment is aging and
plant life is pushed well beyond original design considerations.
/uch plant is now re3uired to operate at e1tremely high levels ofavailability with very limited time available for inspection and
maintenance.
his is a recipe for disaster. It is predicted that in five years4 time
the world will see an increasing number of failures such as these,
possibly resulting in death, in&ury, environmental damage andlost production. he subse3uent economic impact will be
enormous.
his paper gives an overview of the wor of IIW internationally, in
various regions of the world and industry sectors utili5ing welding,
the challenges being faced, opportunities available, and probablere3uirements for the successful introduction and optimum use of
welding technology.
Successful models used in other countries, particularly for
technology diffusion to industry, education and training, improving
the image of welding and the use of appropriate technologies willbe highlighted.
1amples of how the elements of such models could be used will be
given.
he involvement of industry and governments across the world incon&unction with the wor of IIW and its %$ member countries is
critical to the success of such initiatives.
1. THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
WELDING (IIW)
The IIW /s founded in -01& (y the /elding institutes or societiesof -2 countries, /ho felt the need to crete it, to '3e 'ore r*id
scientific nd technicl *rogress *ossi(le on glo(l (sis
Since then, /elding ssocitions in $2 countries '3e u* the
'e'(ers nd 'ore nd 'ore re indicting interest There re no/
-1 'e'(ers in Western Euro*e, -1 in Estern Euro*e, 1 in theA'erics nd "- in Afric4Asi4Oceni
5ro' the (eginning, the IIW set u* interntionl grou*s of
s*ecilists to study collectively the scientific *heno'en ssocited
/ith /elding nd llied *rocesses, their 'ore efficient industril
**liction nd the 'ens of co''unicting infor'tion (outthe'
It hs therefore (eco'e the glo(l (ody in the science nd
**liction of 6oining technology, *roviding net/or3ing nd3no/ledge exchnge s *rt of its 'ission
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Its 'ission is to Act as the world-wide network for knowledge
exchange of joining technologies to improve the global quality
of life
7enry 5ord, the gret A'ericn *hilnthro*ist nd cr '3er sid
87ou can do anything if you have 89-SI:S/. nthusiasm is
the yeast that maes your hopes rise to the stars. nthusiasm is
the sparle in your eyes, the swing in your gait, the grip of your
hand, the irresistible surge of will and energy to e1ecute your
ideas. nthusiasts are fighters. hey have fortitude. hey havestaying 3ualities. nthusiasm is at the bottom of all progress.
With it there is accomplishment. Without it there are onlyalibis.
As n enthusistic leder, IIW cn truly '3e glo(lcontri(ution
Welding technology is n en(ling technology used cross /ide
rnge of industries nd **lictions These rnge fro' 'icro%
6oining of 'edicl devices, electronics nd *hotonics )do/n to $
'icrons., to lrger scle **lictions such s (ridges, (uildings,infrstructure, offshore structures, defence e9ui*'ent, 'ining
e9ui*'ent, (oilers nd *ressure vessels, *i*ing, shi*s, ril nd
rod trns*ort, /ter nd gs *i*elines, nucler, nd including
co'*onents over - ' thic3 /elded in one *ss All these
industries nd others exist in ll countries to vrying degrees,thus creting significnt use of /elding technology Weldingnd +oining is used /idely in the 'nufcture of 'ost consu'er
*roducts
Welding:s vlue to ntion:s econo'y is significnt s sho/n (y
recent detiled studies in countries such s the ;SA )AWS "##".
nd
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The Institute, in +uly "##H, finlised its ne/ Business !ln
involving ll d'inistrtive nd /or3ing units to ensure
o/nershi* (y ll *rtici*nts over the "##H%"#-" *eriod
3.& Int#n!ti'n! A$t'is!ti'n B'!d (IAB)
An i'*ortnt innovtion of the IIW /s the for'l est(lish'ent
in -000 of n interntionl *rogr''e for the 9ulifiction of
*ersonnel involved in /elding o*ertions Through the IAB, this
sche'e llo/s the IIW Authorised Ntionl Bodies )ANBs. in
'e'(er countries to deliver, under the control of the IIW,i*lo's of Interntionl Welding Engineers )IWE.,
Technologists )IWT., S*ecilists )IWS., !rctitioners )IW!.,
Ins*ectors )IWI. nd Welders, 'ongst others The i*lo'
holders for IWE, IWT nd IWS re de fcto recognised s (le to
(e es*onsi(le Welding Coordintors ccording to the ISO
Stndrd ISO -1H2- 8Welding coordintionF Ts3s ndres*onsi(ilities
5orty%four IIW 'e'(ers ctively *rtici*te in the IAB ndthrough their ANBs, over H#,###IIW i*lo's hve (een issued
since the *rogr''es strted in "### The Instituto de Solddur
e >ulidde in !ortugl *rovides the Secretrit for the IAB ndits t/o /or3ing grou*s, A Eduction, Trining ? >ulifiction
nd B 8I'*le'enttion ? Authoristion
With the ever%gro/ing glo(l use of the ISO 2&21 8>ulity
re9uire'ents for fusion /elding of 'etllic 'terils nd ISO
-1H2- 8Welding coordintion J Ts3s nd res*onsi(ilitiesstndrds, 'ore nd 'ore countries re using the IIW
Interntionl !rogr''es
Since +nury "##&, IIW through the IAB, hs lso introduced
*rogr''es for the certifiction of *ersonnel nd certifiction ofco'*nies to ISO 2&21 T/enty IIW 'e'(er countries no/ offer
the IIW Mnufcturer Certifiction Sche'e According to ISO
2&21 )IIW MCS ISO 2&21. co'*ny certifiction *rogr''e
3.3 N!ti'n! D##*!ti'ns
!eo*le cn (e **ointed to (e 'e'(ers of their ntionl
delegtion The **oint'ent *rocess vries fro' one country to
nother (ut generlly the 'in criteri re=
to (e 3no/n (y the relevnt ntionl uthority
res*onsi(le for the **oint'ent of the countryKs delegtionF
to (e n ex*ert in su(6ect delt /ith (y n IIW
Co''ission or other Wor3ing or Ad'inistrtive ;nitF to hve the 'otivtion nd energy to *rtici*te in the
co%o*ertive /or3 of the unit /hich 'y 'eet not only t
the Annul Asse'(ly, (ut 'ore fre9uently in order to'intin *rogress )often in !ris in +nury ech yer.F
to hve n interest in /or3ing /ith *eo*le of other
ntionlities /hose (sic ssu'*tions nd h(its of thought
'y /ell (e 9uite unf'ilir
5or those co''itted to co%o*ertion, there re 'ny o**ortunitiesto contri(ute to, nd lern of, /or3 /hich /ill (e vlu(le to the'*rofessionlly nd to their e'*loyers, to '3e the c9uintnce of
fello/ ex*erts fro' other countries, to gin, through *ersonl
contcts nd technicl docu'ents, dvnce 3no/ledge of
i'*ending develo*'ents nd, in so'e cses, to influence the
content of interntionl /elding stndrds
+. SO,E ACHIEVE,ENTS OF IIW
+.1 T#%ni%! ,!n!*#m#nt B'!d
The grou*s of ex*erts in the Technicl Co''issions nd other
units under the Technicl Mnge'ent Bord hve chieved 'ny
out*uts useful to industry, (oth ntionlly nd glo(lly=
a) echnical ;apers
Ech yer (out 1## **ers e'nte fro' the IIW /or3ing units of
/hich (out @# re *u(lished in the IIW 6ournl Welding in the
World The IIW 6ournl hs (een cce*ted (y the Science CittionIndex in "#-#
In ddition, totl of so'e -## (oo3s deling /ith reco''ended
*rctices or the results of interntionl en9uiries hve (een
*u(lished 'inly in t/o or 'ore lnguges
b) erms and IIW
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visitors to the /e(site, nd hrd co*ies c9uired through the IIW
Secretrit
c) IS Support With regrd to the o(6ective of for'ulting interntionl
stndrds, the /or3ing units of the IIW hve su**lied the
technicl (sis of the gret '6ority of /elding stndrds issued
(y the ISO over the *st 2$ yers Me'(ers of these /or3ing
units nd their e'*loyers hve therefore hd '6or influence
over the content of such stndrds Since -0&0 the IIW hs (eenuthorised (y ISO to *re*re the finl texts of interntionl
/elding stndrds s n interntionl stndrdising orgnistionThis /or3 is coordinted (y the stndrdistion stff /ithin the
IIW Secretrit nd n incresing nu'(er of ISO Technicl
e*orts re (eing *roduced
d) ;romotion of 8ational Industry,
IIW hs lso (een successful in *ro'oting the orgnistion of
ntionl /elding ssocitions Such ssocitions hve (een
for'ed /ith vie/ to their (eco'ing 'e'(ers of IIW, thus
en(ling ex*erts fro' their res*ective countries to *rtici*te inIIW ctivities The IIW hs t3en ste*s to increse the *ro'otion
of 'e'(ershi* in develo*ing countries nd econo'ies in
trnsition, /hich could (enefit gretly fro' the collective
3no/ledge of the IIW in 'ny res, in *rticulr /elding
eduction nd trining, **ro*rite /elding science, technologynd *rctice, nd the helth nd sfety of /elding *ersonnelBefore (eco'ing full 'e'(ers, countries cn 6oin s Associte
Me'(ers
Within the s'e country 'ore thn one orgnistion cn grou*
together nor'lly under ntionl council for IIW
IIW hs recently 'ended its 'e'(ershi* rules to '3e it esier
for s'll develo*ing countries to (eco'e 'e'(ers ;* to three
countries /ith co''on geogr*hicl (oundries nd less thn
-' tonnes of steel consu'ed (et/een the' cn grou* together s
one 'e'(er
e) :nnual :ssemblies
IIW Annul Asse'(lies hve (een t3ing *lce since -01& nd
t3e *lce on the invittion of one or other of the 'e'(er
countries nd lst for /ee3 Three dys re nor'lly devoted to
*rllel sessions of the Co''issions nd other /or3ing units In
ddition, t/o dys re nor'lly devoted to n interntionlConference on s*ecified the'e The **ers *resented t this
Conference re nor'lly *u(lished in (ound volu'es nd4or C
for't vil(le for *urchse, nd re offered to IIW 6ournl
8Welding in the World su(scri(ers
ue(ec, Cnd
"##H Welding ? Mterils= Technicl, econo'ic nd
ecologicl s*ects, u(rovni3, Croti
"##& 8Sfety nd eli(ility of Welded Co'*onents in Energynd !rocessing Industry,
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To *ro'ote the holding of IIW su**orted events throughout
the egions of the World
To introduce the IIW WeldCre !rogr''e for t3e%u* (y
evelo*ing Countries nd Econo'ies in Trnsition
To continully *ro'ote nd 'r3et IIW in different egions
of the World
To hr'onise IIW:s efforts /ith other orgnistions: efforts
in ech egion
Over "# detiled strtegies su**ort this urterly We( Exclusive "##@ highlights so'e
i'*ortnt glo(l trends to /tch for )McDinsey, "##@.=
Centres of econo'ic ctivity /ill shift *rofoundly, not 6ust
glo(lly (ut lso regionlly
Shifts /ithin regions /ill (e even 'ore dr'tic
Tody Asi )excluding +*n. ccounts for -2 *ercent of the
/orld:s
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So'e success did rise ho/ever, through the Interntionl
Ato'ic Energy Agency )IAEA. Initited (y SAIW in -00",
since -001 the IAEA hs su**orted *rllel NT trining nd9ulifiction for the /hole of Afric, conducted t the SAIW
Over the *st "# yers, 'ny ex'*les cn (e given of *ro6ects
/here IIW 'e'(er countries hve ssisted (oth 'e'(er nd
non%'e'(er countries to i'*rove their /elding technology nd
hence 9ulity of life
Consider the follo/ing ex'*le 'ongst 'ny others=
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cut costs nd i'*rove *rofits
give clients confidence in the reli(ility of *roducts
give clients confidence tht the orders /ill (e right first
ti'e on ti'e
A 'd$%ti"it8 %$t$#is (out the (ility tht syste' (e it n
individul, de*rt'ent, (usiness or the econo'yP hs, to use
ll the resources t its dis*osl in collective sense to *rovide
*roducts nd services /hich re useful to the end user
!roductivity i'*rove'ent is the i'*rove'ent of tht (ilityA *roductive culture is /here every(ody nd every effort
contri(utes to i'*roving nd (uilding u* the'selves, the
econo'y nd the ntion
Through IIW Co''ission QI REduction nd Trining: s /ell
s the 'e'(er countries in the IIW IAB, ll $1 IIW 'e'(ers reinvolved in eduction, trining, 9ulifiction nd certifiction of
*ersonnel nd 'ny /ith the certifiction of co'*nies J ll
contri(uting to s3ills culture in the /elding industry
This hs en(led IIW to est(lish n interntionl net/or3 of
eductionl4trining su**ort centres into /hich ny non%'e'(ercountry cn dovetil A si'ilr net/or3 could (eco'e greter
relity in ny country or region /ith the ntionl IIW ANB )s.coordinting it Excellent /or3ing ntionl 'odels exist in
countries such s
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the technology The vlue of /elding nd its contri(ution to
dily life re not **recited (y 'ny sectors of society
7o/ could *eo*le survive /ithout services such s trns*ort nd/ter, *roducts such s co'*uters, 'o(ile *hones, rtificil
herts, (ionic er i'*lnts, etc, etc, etc Where do the glo(l nd
individul (enefits end Whether high *ressure gs *i*eline
extending thousnds of 'iles cross Austrli or *i*e su**lying
/ter to villge in Afric, /elding technology '3es huge
*ositive i'*ct on the glo(l 9ulity of life Its vlue to ntion:s econo'y is (oth significnt nd criticl s sho/n (y
studies in countries such s the ;SA nd
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services of vlue to its 'e'(ers, /ith incresing interest (y 'ore
countries in (eco'ing 'e'(ers It hs strong regionl 'e'(ers
/hich, /ith the su**ort of IIW, industry, govern'ents nd id
gencies cn deliver i''ense (enefits to the regions throughoutthe /orld
IIW:s collegues in ll countries cn contri(ute to these
o(6ectives, in the follo/ing /ys, 'ongst others=
i. Actively contri(ute to the IIW *ro6ect RI'*roving theglo(l 9ulity of life through the o*ti'u' use of Welding
Technology:ii. Actively su**ort the IIW inititive to i'*rove the
i'ge of /elding
iii. No'inte 'ore delegtes to *rtici*te in 'eetings ofthe IIW technicl co''issions nd /or3ing units )see
A**endix -., /hich /ould (e to the (enefit of the
individul, their co'*nies nd thus the country s
/hole, s /ell s contri(uting to glo(l /elding technology
develo*'ent
iv. Consider lin3ing into nd ex*nding the IIWtechnology diffusion *ro6ects including the est(lish'ent
of country nd regionl Technology Su**ort Centres
Net/or3s
v. Consider est(lishing country nd regionl Eductionl
Su**ort Centres Net/or3svi. Contri(ute to the continul develo*'ent, *ro'otionnd use of the IIW White !*er % Whi! 8I'*roving >ulity
of Life Through O*ti'u' ;se nd Innovtion of Welding
nd +oining Technologies
IIW loo3s for/rd to /elco'ing *rtici*nts to future Annul
Asse'(lies nd to /or3ing /ith ll *eo*le interested ini'*roving the 9ulity of life in the /orld
We (elieve tht, /ith the three ttri(utes of ENT7;SIASM,
!ESISTENCE nd COO!EATION, /e cn ll /or3 together
in n excellent te' effort to i'*rove the 9ulity of life of *eo*le
glo(lly
?. REFERENCES
AWS )"##". Welding=>elated 1penditure, Investments, and
;roductivity /easurement in -.S. /anufacturing, ?onstruction and
/ining Industries, My
7ic3s )-001. Co''unictions nd 'eeting (et/een IIW nd ;NIO
re*resenttives ul Ti''er'n, Chris S'll(one, +ohn 7ic3s,
ienn, +nury
McDinsey )"##@., *uarterly Web 1clusive
Middeldorf, DF 7erold 7 ? von 7ofe )"##$. Trends in +oining J
lue dded (y WeldingIIW ?onference, !rgue +uly "##$
SAIW )-0&&. A >untu' Le* 1# yers nd on @W; Aournal Mrch
-0&& ol "& No 2 ** H%2$
S'll(one C )"##-. A vision for coo*ertive te' effort in /elding
nd *ressure e9ui*'ent technology in the Asin !cific region, Indi
S'll(one C )"##". The OWeld Technology Su**ort Centres
Net/or3= A ;ni9ue Model for Technology Innovtion (y Industryrends in Welding >esearch ?onference,
7/26/2019 Generic Welding in the World and the Future 2011 Chris Smallbone
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A00ENDI@ 1 IIW WORING UNITS
OVERVIEW OF IIW CO,,ISSIONS
C'mmissi'n I
B!in*; S'd#in*; T#m! %$ttin* !nd 9!m#
'%#ss#s
C!im!n!rof eli Du6n, 5inlndS$4C'mmissi'ns !nd W'
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C'mmissi'n VIII
H#!t; S!9#t8 !nd En"i'nm#nt
C!im!n Luc Cost, ItlyT#ms '9 #9##n%#
To regulrly revie/ the generl trends nd the
i'*le'enttion of the ctivities /ithin the
field of sustin(le environ'ent, /ith regrd
to 6oining f(riction
To introduce the relevnt issues concerning the sustin(le
environ'ent in IIWTo encourge ll the IIW Wor3ing ;nits to contri(ute to
sustin(le environ'entTo shre infor'tion on ny ntionl rule
To *roduce docu'ents hel*ing to **ly ISO -1##- stndrd to
/elding, 6oining nd cutting *rocessesT#%ni%! t'i%s %'nsid##d
Welding fu'es
5u'e dt sheets
Effects of Cr nd Mn on helth
Ergono'ics of /elding ctivities
!hysicl sfety of /elders
C'mmissi'n I@
B#!"i'$ '9 m#t!s s$45#%t#d t' -#din*
C!im!n Tho's Boellinghus, ulity nd sfety in /eldingT#%ni%! t'i%s %'nsid##d
ecent dvnces in TI< /elding *rocesses
Modelling of rc nd /eld *ool (ehviour
Metl trnsfer 'odes in tnde' MI< /elding
;nder/ter hy*er(ric /elding
Sensors for control nd 'onitoring /eld 9ulityClssifiction of 'etl trnsfer 'odes in MI< /elding
C'mmissi'n @III
F!ti*$# '9 -#d#d %'m'n#nts !nd
st$%t$#s
C!im!n !rof
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T#%ni%! t'i%s %'nsid##d
5tigue of /elded 6oints nd structures 5tigue life i'*rove'ent
'ethods
5tigue design nd ssess'ent esidul stressStructurl nd notch stress nlysis Weld 9ulity nd ftigue
5tigue sensors 5tigue testing nd sttisticl evlution of
ftigue dtC'mmissi'n @IV
Ed$%!ti'n !nd T!inin*
C!im!n Chris S'll(one, Austrli
T#m '9 R#9##n%#
To *ro'ote ho/ to (etter tech /elding t ll levels The /or3 of
Co''ission QI dovetils in /ith tht of the IIW Interntionl
Authoristion Bord )IAB. Co''ission QI *rovides the lin3
(et/een ll the other IIW Wor3ing ;nits )Co''issions, Study
ulity Level
ccording to EN ISO $&-H
evie/ of W!S nd W!>
Achieving service life of /elded *roducts
>uestionnire 8Overvie/ of glo(l used >M Syste's in /elding
Mini'u' re9uire'ents for *ersons /ho ex'ine /elding9ulifiction tests
SC Si4$idin*
C!im!nT#%ni%! t'i%s %'nsid##d
The /or3 *rogr''e hs (een divided intothree 'in su(6ects, /ith centrl gol (eing
the relistion of o*ertionl *roductivity=
Advnced /elding technology nd
engineeringF Mnge'ent nd *roduction
orgnistionF nd, 7u'n resources
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OVERVIEW OF IIW STUD GROU0S
SG &1&
T# 8si%s '9 -#din*
C!im!n Voshinori 7irt, +*nT#%ni%! t'i%s %'nsid##d
Modelling of rc *ls' of TI< rc
Clssifiction of 'etl trnsfer 'ode
S*tter reduction nd 'echnis' of 'etl
trnsfer in controlled (ridge trnsfer uintino, !ortugl
WG R#*i'n! A%ti"iti#s !nd Li!is'n
-it D#"#'in* C'$nti#s
C!im!n Chris S'll(one,
AustrliG'!!ro'ote IIW nd its Me'(er
Societies in vrious regions of the/orld to the 'utul (enefit of ll
O45#%ti"# A !ro'ote the holding of IIW su**orted eventsthroughout the regions of the /orld O45#%ti"# B Introduce the
IIW WeldCre *rogr''e for t3e u* (y develo*ing countriesO45#%ti"# C !ro'ote nd 'r3et IIW in different regions of the
/orld O45#%ti"# D 7r'onise IIW efforts /ith other
orgnistions: efforts in ech region
WG C'mm$ni%!ti'ns
!nd ,!