Genetic Engineering

the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using

biotechnology.

Biotechnology

• Using living organisms to perform practical tasks for humans

• The manipulation of the genomes at the molecular level

• Really, it’s ANY technology that uses/effects living systems

Where do we see genetic engineering and biotechnology?

• Agriculture

• Medicine

• Food production

BIOTECH examples

• Biotech-derived cotton that is warmer, stronger, has improved dye uptake and retention, enhanced absorbency, and wrinkle- and shrink-resistance.

Recombinant DNA

• Recombinant DNA is the general name for taking a piece of one DNA, and combining it with another strand of DNA.

• By combining two or more different strands of DNA, scientists are able to create a new strand of DNA.

• The most common recombinant process involves combining the DNA of two different organisms

Example of Recombinant DNA

• Any DNA that has been joined together unnaturally

• http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/videos/transgenic-animal-creations/

Genetically Modified Organisms

• http://www.mnn.com/green-tech/research-innovations/photos/12-bizarre-examples-of-genetic-engineering/mad-science

Cloning

• When the entire genome is copied• The DNA from an adult animal is

removed from the nucleus of one of its cells

• The DNA is inserted into the nucleus of an unfertilized egg cell of another animal that has had its nucleus removed

• The egg is nurtured until it begins to divide and turns into an embryo.

• The embryo is placed within a surrogate mother.

Dolly the sheep was born on 5 July 1996 to three mothers (one provided the egg, another the DNA and a third carried the cloned embryo to term).[

Stem Cell

• Stem cells are biological cells found in all multicellular organisms, that can divide (through mitosis) and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types and can self-renew to produce more stem cells.