Genetics
GeneticsBy Catherine Bouts
GenesGene a segment of DNA molecules
Carry vital hereditary information in organisms
Determine traits of individuals
Hair color, height, blood type etc.
Double Helix ModelSpiral Staircase appearance
Found in DNA and some RNA
Nucleic Acids connected by nucleotides
Phosphate bonds between nucleotides
Rosalind FranklinJuly 25, 1920 April 16, 1958
British scientist who observed DNA
First to examine Double Helix
model
Used X-Ray diffraction
method
James Watson & Francis CrickScientists who borrowed Rosalind
Franklins research
Credited for the discovery of
Double Helix
1953 - Proposed the Double Helix Model
Three Structure Types A-DNA B-DNAZ-DNA
DNADeoxyribonucleic Acid
Contains the genetic material
Inherited by younger generations
Composed of nucleic acids
DNA NucleotidesMolecules that compose structural units of
DNA
Purines & Pyrimidines cannot bond with eachother
PurinesGuanine and Adenine
PyrimidinesCytosine and Thymine
RNARibonucleic Acid
Different types with different functions
Composed of different substancesPhosphateRibose sugarNitrogenous
base
RNA NucleotidesMolecules that compose structural units of
RNA
PyridiminesCytosine and Uracil
PurinesGuanine and Adenine
Nucleotide FunctionsBuilding blocks of DNA and RNA
Assist in cell metabolism
Chemical energy sources (ATP)
Cellular signaling
Participate in enzyme reactions
Types of RNAmRNA (Messenger RNA)Carries coding data to protein
synthesis
tRNA (Transfer RNA)Transfers amino acids to polypeptide
chains
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)Decodes mRNA and interacts with tRNA
Genetic MutationsChanges in the genomic sequence
Causes: radiation, viruses, DNA replication mistakes
Detrimental MutationsCFTR (Cystic Fibrosis)
Beneficial MutationsCCR5 (AIDS)
DNA vs RNADNA
Always double strandedThymineLonger Helices
RNA
Different typesAdditional OxygenUracilLess stable
SummaryDNA and RNA are composed of nucleic acids
DNA carries hereditary information
RNA has different types and functions
Double Helix Structure
Franklin, Watson and Crick
CitationsCenter for Image in Science and Art, Picture n 52 DNA
at X-Ray January 12, 2010, via Flickr , Creative Commons
Attribution Erlon BR, Watson Crick May 30, 2008, via Flickr,
Creative Commons AttributionRichard Wheeler, File:A-DNA, B-DNA and
Z-DNA.png May 16, 2007, via Wikipedia, Creative Commons
AttributionJohn Haver, Four Nucleotides April 28, 2009, via Flickr,
Creative Commons AttributionWinton Snyman, Nucleotides December 19,
2006, via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution
