Select Mating Service (SMS)

Genetics –a component of profitability

• Examples of the “Real” value to dairy herds using the Select Mating Service “SMS”.

Select Mating Service

Select Mating Service

Select Mating Service

1973 1980 1983 1988 1991 1993 1996 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

3 part-time evaluators

(5800 cows)

Started use of linear evaluation

2700 Herds (225,000 cows)

Computer mating began

4750 Herds- 511,373 cows

Pedigree mate program started (SMS II)

9579 Herds (1,034,790

cows)

Revision of program - 10

languages

Over 3.5 million cows worldwide

annually!

First time over 2 million matings

The History of SMS

2010 thru 2013 2008 thru 2013 2011 2012 2008 thru 2013

New options added;Genetic ranking

Sire selection rankingGenomic importation

North America matings exceeded 5.4 million animals

Cow side linears exceed 1 million for

the first timePedigree mate

exceeds 1 million for the

first time

Over 1.5 million new animals

added annually!

The History of SMSOver 4 million

matings in North America annually!

The SMS Mating Philosophy

BALANCE

Production Type

First SMS Conference in 1978

Strength of program is people!

SMS Yearly Genetic conferences Experience you can trust

• Staff located in all member areas and throughout Canada.

• Skilled staff that can keep customers up to date on this fast pace genetic business.

• The person that actually evaluates your cows, mates your cows.

Professional Evaluators provide service!

• Key Responsibilities• Accurate and timely linear evaluation• Timely pedigree matings • Genetic knowledge – education

• Sire Summary updates• Keep you updated with new genetic traits, base changes etc..• Review new sire options that fit breeding goals• Your genetic consultants!

The Select Sires’ SMS Consultant Philosophy

Deliver Results

Sire selection based on the goals of each herd!

Manage inbreeding, recessive and haplotypes

SMS Countries

• Honduras• Jamaica• Mexico• Nicaragua• Panama• Peru• Puerto Rico• Uruguay• USA• Venezuela

• Argentina• Bolivia• Brazil• Canada• Chile• Colombia• Costa Rica• Dominican Republic• Ecuador• El Salvador• Guatemala

Multiple Programs• Cow-side linear evaluation

• Each cow evaluated on 17 type traits• Pedigree collected• Sires selection based on criteria• Matings based on correcting type faults

• Pedigree mating-”SMS II”• Pedigree collected on heifers and cows if desired.• IB and recessive management • Uses breed type values to mate• Special file formats provided to allow complete automation

• Walk Thru Genetic Consultation• Have a professional evaluator visit to develop a “Business Plan” for your

breeding program.• View herd to identify weaknesses• No evaluations• Sire selection suggestions

North America totals

Best measurement is new animals added to the program.

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000Total New Animals Mated in 2014

2,492,764

Pedigree matings

Select Mating Service

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

SMS II Pedigree Matings

1,487,590

The #1 mating program in the world!

Over 6 million matings per

year

WMS Countries• Australia• Azores• China• Croatia• Czech Republic• Greece• Hungary• Iran• Italy• Japan• Korea• Latvia• Lithuania• Netherlands• New Zealand

•Oman•Poland•Portugal•Romania•Russia•Saudi Arabia•Serbia•Slovakia•South Africa•Spain•Turkey•United Arab Emirates•UK•Ukraine•Zambia•Zimbabwe

The SMS Mating Philosophy

VERY SIMPLE

Use the right genetics to maximize the ability to reach herd goals of each dairy owner.

Key to any mating program is sire selection!!!!!!

Type improvement

• Is there value in improving the functional type traits in dairy cattle?

• Thru years of genetic improvement the breeds of today have improved greatly.

CDN research

CDN research

Type traits like fore udder that correlate to longer lived cows.

Linear 1 Linear 8

PTA PL and Udder Comp

SMS Computer Program• Contains

– Thousands of bulls from studs around the World.

• Over 60,000

– Printouts available in 10 different languages.

• 13 different languages

– Fully automated to import pedigree files, genomic files and export mating recommendations to a wide range of dairy management programs.

.

– SMS has various graphs that illustrate where the herd is today and where SMS is taking the herd’s genetics with the sires recommended.

• Graphs provide proof of the direction of this corrective mating program

– Inbreeding, recessive genes and known haplotype management is a priority.

SMS mating sequence

• Udder traits 1st • -correlation to longer life highest of all traits.

• Feet & Leg traits 2nd

• Frame traits 3rd

Select Mating Service

What do you want in your mating program?

• Matings that improve the faults of the female mated for generation improvement.

• Inbreeding management?• Genetic summary that illustrates the breeding

program direction?• Ability to prioritize specific animals?• A professional program that is responsible for the

future of your customers?

Select Mating Service

Option 1: Cow-side Linear Evaluation

• Each cow evaluated on 17 primary type traits– All traits 10% or more heritable

• Pedigree collected– Utmost importance in inbreeding management

• Sires selection based on genetic criteria– Herd goals

• Matings based on correcting type faults– Trait sequence based on relationship to longer life

Option 2: Pedigree Mating (SMS II)

• Pedigree collected on heifers and cows if desired– Parent average linears generated– Genomic predictions to be imported

• Genomic technology has enhanced the accuracy of using pedigree mating for heifers and cows.

• IB and recessive management • At SSG lots of heifer pedigree files

downloaded via the HOLCAN

THE SILENT BUT POWERFUL GENETIC

THIEF

INBREEDINGSelect Mating Service

Estimated Future Inbreeding

Source: USDA Trend in Inbreeding Coefficients for Holstein or Red & White, Calculated: December 2013

The U.S. Holstein inbreeding coefficient now exceeds 6%

Select Mating Service

What is Inbreeding?

• The mating of related individuals • Inbreeding depression is generally greater in traits associated with

fitness and survival

Inbreeding decreases • Cow survival• Single lactation production• Reproductive performance

• Cost of $3-$5/day open

• Embryo Survival• Calf Vigor

Inbreeding increases • Calf mortality• Age at puberty• Loss of replacement heifers prior to

first calving• Prevalence of recessive genetic

disorders in the population.

TraitEffect per 1% increasein inbreeding

Lifetime NM$ -24 $Age at first freshening +.36 daysProductive Life -13 daysLifetime Milk -790 lbsLifetime Protein -25 lbsFirst Calving Interval +.26 Month

Why worry about Inbreeding?

JDS 81:2729-2737- L.A. Smith, Bennett Cassell, and Ron Pearson Comparison of inbreeding depression on production and lifetime performance for 257,449 registered and 449,343 grade Holstein cows.

Recent Inbreeding Study

“The effects of genomic inbreeding on production, reproduction and conformation traits in US Holstein cows”

DW Bjelland1, KA Weigel1, JD Nkrumah2, N Vukasinovic2

1 University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI2 Pfizer Animal Genetics, Kalamazoo, MI

Conclusions• All three measures of genomic inbreeding show effects on economically

important dairy traits• Effects on several traits are index specific

• Days open significant for percent homozygosity (1.72 days)• Fat and protein percentage significant for genomic relationships• Milk Yield loss 117 lbs. for first 205 days of lactation per 1%

inbreeding• Results consistent with pedigree inbreeding

2913 Cows in 9 Herds all Genotyped

% Inbreeding

• Number of generations between common parents– 1 generation 50%– 2 25 %– 3 12.5%– 4 6.25%– 5 3.125%– 6 1.56%– 7 .78 %

Offspring

Mobile

Man O Man

Oman

Manfred

Gold Millie

Goldwyn

Finley

Aaron

Cow/heifer

Goldwyn

?

?

James

TwineStorm

Dam

G-dam

?

James

Grand

Marci

Goldwyn = 6.25%

Goldwyn is (1/2)4 or 4 generations between like parentage.

Where are we headed?

• The next couple of slides show us all why Select Sires is investing in the “SMS” service program and employ skilled personnel.

• Because it is the right thing to do for our customers!

Select Mating Service

Pedigree Analysis December 2013 Top 100 TPI Active Proven Sires*

• 83 of the top 100 active proven TPI sires are descendants of Planet, O Man, Shottle and Goldwyn. – 49 descendants of O Man– 38 descendants of Shottle– 29 descendants of Planet– 13 sires are direct descendants to both O Man and Shottle

* With ties there are a total of 103 active proven Holstein sires on the Dec. 2013 active A.I. List

Select Mating Service

Pedigree Analysis December 2013 Top 100 TPI Active Genomic Young Sires*

• None of the top 100 TPI genomic young sires are free of Planet, O Man, Shottle and Goldwyn in their pedigree. Sires of the future!– 97 are descendants of O Man– 77 are descendants of Shottle– 38 are descendants of Planet– 25 are descendants of Goldwyn– 74 sires are direct descendants to both O Man and Shottle

* With ties there are a total of 101 active Holstein young sires on the Dec. 2013 Active A.I. Young Sires List

Managing Haplotypes that Impact Fertility

• With our growing knowledge about the bovine genome, experts have predicted for some time that we’d likely discover numerous cattle genetic defects. Results can be embryo loss or stillbirths when these haplotypes exist in the homozygous state

• Harmful recessive effects on fertility and stillbirth detected by absence of homozygous haplotypes

• P.M. VanRaden*1, K.M. Olson†, G.R. Wiggans*, J.B. Cole*, and M.E. Tooker*

• Haplotypes with a higher population frequency and those that cause pregnancy loss later in gestation lead to larger losses of profitability.

• Select Mating Service (SMS) is an excellent tool for managing these genetic conditions as all bulls genomic tested have known defects stored in our files.

Select Mating Service

Genetic trend graph

Sires Brd Avg Rec Sire 1

Rec Sire 2

Rec Sire 3

Tot Rec Sire

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1777 18441998

2123

0

2061

TPIfile:///C:/SMS/Com-pImg1.jpg

Sires Brd Avg Rec Sire 1

Rec Sire 2

Rec Sire 3

Tot Rec Sire

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

3529

2729

32

0

31

PTA Proteinfile:///C:/SMS/CompImg1.jpg

Sires Brd Avg Rec Sire 1

Rec Sire 2

Rec Sire 3

Tot Rec Sire

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

44.5

1.281.7

4.11 4.18

0

4.15

PTA Typefile:///C:/SMS/CompImg1.jpg

Sires Brd Avg Rec Sire 1

Rec Sire 2

Rec Sire 3

Tot Rec Sire

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

1.131.45

3.47 3.56

0

3.52

Udder Compfile:///C:/SMS/CompImg1.jpg

Herd genetic review by lactation

Lact >=5 Lact =4 Lact =3 Lact =2 Lact =1 Lact =0

14001450150015501600165017001750180018501900

1680 1694

1576

1686

1805

1860

TPIfile:///C:/SMS/Com-pImg1.jpg

Lact >=5 Lact =4 Lact =3 Lact =2 Lact =1 Lact =0

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

813 835

596

747

10371127

PTA Milkfile:///C:/SMS/CompImg1.jpg

Lact >=5 Lact =4 Lact =3 Lact =2 Lact =1 Lact =0

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

-0.06

0.320000000000001

0.870000000000001

0.860000000000001

1.24

1.47

Udder Compfile:///C:/SMS/CompImg1.jpg

Lact >=5 Lact =4 Lact =3 Lact =2 Lact =1 Lact =0

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1.8 1.7

-0.4

0.8

2.52.7

Prod Lifefile:///C:/SMS/CompImg1.jpg

SMS can manage the genetics of the most important girls outside your home!

Service for your genetic investment.

THE SELECT MATING SERVICE PROGRAM IS A TOOL WITH PROVEN VALUE!

The best way to predict the future is to Create It!

Select Mating Service