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Genetics Case Study: The Royal Family. The Romanov Family. Romanov Empire included one-sixth of the globe. Nicholas II became Czar of Russia in 1896 Resentment against the Czar and wealthy class begins at end of 19th century. Alexei. Born in 1904, Nicholas’s only son. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Genetics Case Study:Genetics Case Study:The Royal FamilyThe Royal Family
The Romanov FamilyThe Romanov Family•Romanov Empire included one-sixth of the globe.
•Nicholas II became Czar of Russia in 1896
•Resentment against the Czar and wealthy class begins at end of 19th century.
AlexeiAlexei• Born in 1904, Nicholas’s only son.• Had hemophilia, a bleeding disorder.
• Had body guard with him at all times to prevent accidents.
• Alexei had several internal bleeding instances.
• These bleedings were stopped after the prayers of the healer Rasputin.
RasputinRasputin•Healer or Scoundrel????
•Alexandra (Alexei’s mom) called Rasputin in to stop Alexei’s bleeding.
•Alexandra took Rasputin in as a relative (which lowered public faith of the Romanov family). His influence on the Czar is arguable by historians.
•Assassinated by Russian aristocrats.
Rasputin
• Rasputin was drugged, poisoned, and shot before he died of drowning in the Neva river
End of the EmpireEnd of the Empire
•July, 1918: Russian Revolution (Romanov’s assassinated)
•Alexei’s body missing from mass grave found in 1990’s.
So what does this So what does this have to do with have to do with
Genetics?Genetics?Learn how to read a PEDIGREE.Learn how to read a PEDIGREE.
Learn the inheritance pattern of HEMOPHILIA.Learn the inheritance pattern of HEMOPHILIA.
Sex-LinkageSex-Linkage•Traits controlled by genes located on the sex chromosomes are called sex-linked traits.
•The gene for a protein that helps blood clot is on the X chromosome.
•If this gene is mutated (deletion, point mutation, etc), it may cause HEMOPHILIA.
•Heterozygotes are carriers & may pass trait on to children, but themselves appear normal.
•Other sex-linked traits are red-green colorblindness, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Fragile X syndrome.
Royal Family Pedigree
Pedigrees
• Each row represents a generation• Genders represented by different
shapes• Affected individuals indicated by
shading• Carriers indicated by half shading
Reading a Pedigree
Sometimes, carriers are indicated this way.
Pedigree Problems: Tips
• Recessive: trait usually skips a generation
• Dominant: trait shows up often
• Autosomal: trait seen in both genders
• Sex-linked: trait seen usually in 1 gender
Sample Pedigrees
Pedigree Practice
Dominant or recessive trait? Autosomal or sex-linked?
Pedigree Practice
Dominant or recessive trait? Autosomal or sex-linked?
Pedigree Practice
Dominant or recessive? Autosomal or Sex-linked?
Practice Problems
• http://www.yhc.edu/external/jasonb/previous_semesters/Bio103_Su2004/Links_of_Interest/links_to_practice_pedigree_probs.htm
Create your own pedigree!
1. Draw your family tree like the pedigrees we’ve seen.
2. Decide on a trait, and shade the affected individuals. (see list of traits on next slide)
3. Show the trait through 3 generations in your family (grandparents, parents, and you and your siblings).
Dominant Recessive
Widow’s peak hairline Straight hairline
Tongue-rolling Can’t roll tongue
Free earlobes Attached earlobes
Can’t bend back 45° Hitchhiker’s thumb
Freckles No freckles
No chin cleft Chin cleft
Bent little finger Not bent
Oval face Square face
Morton’s Toe(2nd toe) Big Toe is tallest
Dark hair (brown/black) Blonde Hair
Not red hair Red Hair