8/4/2019 Genetics: Fun with Fungi-Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/genetics-fun-with-fungi-presentation 1/17

Gina Wilkins TRACY HALLNadia Gordon MELISSA SIMPSONChristina Panayotakis MARKUS WILKENLesego SeabiMarnus FerreiraMarko Svicevic

8/4/2019 Genetics: Fun with Fungi-Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/genetics-fun-with-fungi-presentation 2/17

In our investigation we collected and identified severalspecies of fungi which we found at the Botanical Gardens.

There are two ways of identifying fungal species:Morphological featuresGenetic approach

We used a genetic approach to identify the fungal samples by sequencing their DNA.

8/4/2019 Genetics: Fun with Fungi-Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/genetics-fun-with-fungi-presentation 3/17

We eat it:

8/4/2019 Genetics: Fun with Fungi-Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/genetics-fun-with-fungi-presentation 4/17

We drink it:

We breathe it:

8/4/2019 Genetics: Fun with Fungi-Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/genetics-fun-with-fungi-presentation 5/17

Fungi are divided into two main categories:• Ascomycetes• Basidiomycetes

Ascomycetes are fungi that hasn’t gotoutstanding sexual organs such asbread mould.

Basidiomycetes are fungi with specialized sexualfeatures such as mushrooms. For example mushrooms that aretypically shown in Disney productions.

8/4/2019 Genetics: Fun with Fungi-Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/genetics-fun-with-fungi-presentation 6/17

FUNGAL STRUCTUREBasidiomycete Ascomycete

8/4/2019 Genetics: Fun with Fungi-Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/genetics-fun-with-fungi-presentation 7/17

HYPOTHESIS

There is a wide variety of fungal speciesgrowing in the Botanical Gardens.

AIMTo investigate the biodiversity of fungi in the Botanical Gardens.

8/4/2019 Genetics: Fun with Fungi-Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/genetics-fun-with-fungi-presentation 8/17

Collecting the samples.

DNA Extraction.

PCR on ITS (Internally Transcribed Spacer region).

Sequencing and “Blasting”

8/4/2019 Genetics: Fun with Fungi-Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/genetics-fun-with-fungi-presentation 9/17

Collecting Samples

Physically collecting them.Finding different varieties.Preserving samples in alcohol.Photographing them and labeling each sample.

8/4/2019 Genetics: Fun with Fungi-Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/genetics-fun-with-fungi-presentation 10/17

DNA IsolationCell lysis-breaking of the cell.

Removing the proteins.Isolating the DNA.

8/4/2019 Genetics: Fun with Fungi-Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/genetics-fun-with-fungi-presentation 11/17

PCR on ITSPCR-polymerase chain reaction-basically allows for theproduction of millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.

In this case the copies are of the ITS or the Internally Transcribed Spacer region.

8/4/2019 Genetics: Fun with Fungi-Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/genetics-fun-with-fungi-presentation 12/17

Sequencing PCR. ABI Sequencing.

Download sequence.BLAST.

8/4/2019 Genetics: Fun with Fungi-Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/genetics-fun-with-fungi-presentation 13/17

26 / 60 sequences weresuccessful

80 in total

30 Agarplates

50mushrooms

8/4/2019 Genetics: Fun with Fungi-Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/genetics-fun-with-fungi-presentation 14/17

-Basidiomycete .-No common name.-No distinct taste or odor.-1-5cm broad, 2-5cm long.

-Basidiomycete .-Common name is the Beak Earth Star.-Colour is white to cream, has tall distinct stem.-Usually not larger than 5cm across.

-Basidiomycete .-Common name is Pink Bonnet-Grows up to 1cm in diameter and 3-5cm long.-Distinguished by its reddish colour.

-Basidiomycete.-Common name is Pepperpot Earth Star.-It is listed as a threatened fungi in Europe.-Diameter reaches 12cm.

-Ascomycete.-Common name is canker stain.-Is a pathogen, causes diseases to trees.-Is microscopic.

-Ascomycete.-Is microscopic.-Is a possible biodiesel, replace plant oils.-

Number Scientific Name Common Name Fungi Type1 Marasmius haematocephalus Pink Bonnet Basidiomycete2 Mucor circinelloides - Ascomycete3 Gymnopus subpruinosus - Basidiomycete4 Trichoderma - Basidiomycete5 Genoderma lucidum - Basidiomycete6 Trametes orientalis Artist's conch Basidiomycete7 Myriostoma lucidum Pepperpot Earth Star Basidiomycete8 Geastrum straitum Earth Star Basidiomycete9 Genoderma lucidum Artist's conch Basidiomycete10 Myriostoma califorme Pepperpot Earth Star Basidiomycete11 Ganoderma ludicum Artist's conch Basidiomycete12 Incotis tamaricus - Basidiomycete13 Battarrea stevenii Sand Stiltball Basidiomycete14 Trichoderma koningiopsis - Ascomycete15 Aureobasidium pullulons - Ascomycete16 Hypocred virens - Ascomycete17 Fusarium chlamydosporoides - Ascomycete

18 Trichoderma koningiopsis Mycosphaerella tassiana Ascomycete19 Latimeria menadoensis Coelacanth Ascomycete20 Curvularia brachyspora Summer grass -21 Ceratocystis fimbriata - Basidiomycete22 Penicillium verrucuculosum - Ascomycete23 Epicoccum nigrum Epicoccum/ soil fungus Ascomycete24 Phoma macrostoma - Ascomycete25 Trichoderma koningiopsis Soil Fungus Ascomycete

26 Trichoderma atrovide - Ascomycete

8/4/2019 Genetics: Fun with Fungi-Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/genetics-fun-with-fungi-presentation 15/17

8/4/2019 Genetics: Fun with Fungi-Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/genetics-fun-with-fungi-presentation 16/17

We have determined that there are a large number of fungal species, approximately 80 varieties of both Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes were found, 60 weresequenced and 26 were successfully identified.

Remember:- not all the species of fungi were collected.-not all the fungi were sequenced. 60/80 were. (75%)

-not all the sequences worked. 26/60 worked. (43%)However we still got a large variety of mushroom growing

species as well as Ascomycetes.

8/4/2019 Genetics: Fun with Fungi-Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/genetics-fun-with-fungi-presentation 17/17

REFERENCEShttp://www.richard-seaman.com/Wallpaper/Nature/Fungus/index.html http://www.richard-seaman.com/Fungus/USA/DevilsLake2003/ http://www.redbubble.com/people/judyoneil/art/3072546-red-fungi http://dazed.org/npa/npj/200206/features-fungi.htm http://www.backyardnature.net/f/bredmold.htm http://fromwhencethesweetbirdsang.blogspot.com/2009/02/mycology-1012.html