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Genetics
I. Introduction
A. History
1. C. Darwin & A. Wallace blending2. G. Mendel & F. Unger mixing3. W. Sutton Chromosomal theory of Inheritance
4. T. Morgan Genes & Chromosomes plus linkage groups
5. A. Sturtevant genetic mapping6. F. Griffith hereditary molecule7. O. Avery etal. DNA hereditary molecule8. B. McKlintock Transposons
9. W. Fiers sequenced viral gene
10. A. Jeffreys DNA finger printing11. 1995 Viral DNA sequenced12. 1996 yeast DNA sequenced13. 1998 round worm DNA sequenced14. 2003 human DNA sequenced
II. Mendelian
1. Monohybrid Cross
A. Experimental Design
a. Definitionb. Terms
i. Self vs. Cross Fertilization
ii. Traits vs. Characteristics
c. Process
c. Process
Figure 14.2
c. Process
Figure 14.3
Figure 14.4
d. Principle traits are paired and sorted
d. Principle traits are paired and sorted
Figure 14.5
i. Gene versus Allele
ii. Homozygous versus Heterozygous
iii. Dominance versus Recessive
iv. Genotype versus Phenotype
e. Terms
Figure 14.6
f. Testcross
Figure 14.7
f. Testcross
2. Dihybrid Cross
a. Definitionb. ProcessStart by figuring out how many and type
of gametesFigure 14.8
Dihybrid Heterozygous cross =
Phenotypic ratio= 9:3:3:1, Genotypic ratio= 1:1:2:2:4:2:2:1:1
Dihybrid Heterozygous cross Homozygous Dominant =
Phenotypic ratio = all dominant, Genotypic ratio = 1:1:1:1
c. Principle Each pair of alleles and chromosomes sort independently into gametes.
AaBb X AABBGametes AaBb = AB, Ab, aB, & ab; AABB=
AB only
PracticeAaBb X AaBbGametes AaBb = AB, Ab, aB, & ab
for both
III. Variation on MendelA.
Dominance
AA aa
Aa
2. Co-dominance
1. Complete
3. Incomplete dominance
Figure 14.10
B. Gene Interactions
1. Multiple Alleles
2. Pleitrophy
3. Penetrance
C. Beyond Mendel
1. Epistasis
2. Polygenic
Figure 14.11
2. PolygenicFigure
14.12
IV. Classical GeneticsA. History
Figure 14.9
1. R. Punnet & W. Bateson ???
a. Drosophila melangastor
Figure 15.3
WHY?
2. T. Morgan Genes & Chromosomes, Karyotyping, plus linkage groups
Figure 15.4
b. Genetic Recombination
b. Genetic Recombination
Figure 15.5
b. Genetic Recombination
3. A. Sturtevant Genetic MappingBased on frequency of expression of traits
showing together
Figure 15.6
Based on frequency of expression of traits showing together
3. A. Sturtevant Genetic Mapping
Figure 15.7
Based on frequency of expression of traits showing together
3. A. Sturtevant Genetic Mapping
Figure 15.8
B. Sex Linkage
1. Basis of SEX
1. Basis of SEX
Figure 15.9
1. SEX linked inheritance
Figure 15.9
a. Barr BodiesFigure
15.11
V. Detection of ProblemsA.
Techniques
1. Karyotyping2. Amniocentesis == Cellular and Chemical Analysis
Figure 14.17
3. Ultrasound4. Chorionic Villi Sampling == Cellular and Chemical Analysis
Figure 14.17
5. Fetal Tissue Sampling
6. Pedigree Analysis
Figure 14.14
6. Pedigree Analysis
6. Pedigree Analysis
Learning can be such sweet sorrow.