Genetics of Formosan Sambar DeerGenetics of Formosan Sambar Deer

Presented by: Liang, HsiaoPresented by: Liang, Hsiao--MeiMei

22 November, 2011

Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station,Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture,

Executive Yuan

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATIONOUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

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The The Endemic subspecies of TaiwanEndemic subspecies of Taiwan

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The valuable of velvet antlerThe valuable of velvet antler

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Profiled of sambar deer industry of TaiwanProfiled of sambar deer industry of Taiwan

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Apply RFID technology on deer farm Apply RFID technology on deer farm managementmanagement

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Advantage of Taiwan deer industryAdvantage of Taiwan deer industry

TaxonomyTaxonomy●●

Common name: SambarCommon name: Sambar

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Kingdom: AnimaliaKingdom: Animalia

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Phylum: ChordataPhylum: Chordata

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Class: MammaliaClass: Mammalia

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Order: CetartiodactylaOrder: Cetartiodactyla

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Family: Cervidae Family: Cervidae

•• Subfamily: Cervinae Subfamily: Cervinae •• Spcies: Spcies: Rusa unicolorRusa unicolor (Kerr 1792)(Kerr 1792)•• Subspecies: Subspecies:

1, 1, R. u. unicolorR. u. unicolor (Kerr 1792)(Kerr 1792) Indian subcontinent and CeylonIndian subcontinent and Ceylon

2, 2, R. u. dejeaniR. u. dejeani (de Pousargues 1896)(de Pousargues 1896) SouthSouth--west China west China

3, 3, R. u. cambojensisR. u. cambojensis (Gray 1861)(Gray 1861) Indochina, southern China, Burma and TibetIndochina, southern China, Burma and Tibet

4, 4, R. u. hainanaR. u. hainana (Xu 1983) (Xu 1983) Hainan islandHainan island

5, 5, R. u. swinhoeiR. u. swinhoei (Sclater 1862)(Sclater 1862) Taiwan islandTaiwan island

6, 6, R. u. equinaR. u. equina (G. Cuvier 1823)(G. Cuvier 1823) Malaya and Sumatra Malaya and Sumatra

7, 7, R. u. brookeiR. u. brookei (Hose 1893)(Hose 1893) BorneoBorneo

Cervus unicolorCervus unicolor

The Endemic subspecies of TaiwanThe Endemic subspecies of Taiwan

The Endemic subspecies of TaiwanThe Endemic subspecies of Taiwan■ Formosan Sambar Deer

(Cervus unicolor swinhoei )The features :■ The largest ruminant in Taiwan■ Body weight: 200-250Kg ■ The fur is dark brown ■ Have facial glands under their eyes■ Male have antlers, but females don’t have.■ Estrus occurred from June to Nov. ■ Estrus cycle: about 17days■ Gestation period: about 260 days■ Produce one fawn each year■ Male reaches one year of age start to grow

antlers

Yearly antler cycle of Formosan sambar deer

Dec.Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayJun.

Jul.

Aug.

Sep.

Oct.

Nov. Antler pedicles start developing

antlers begin to grow from the pedicle. And the antlers tissue is soft.

=>velvet

Antlers get harden

the hardened antlers are cast

The valuable of velvet antlerThe valuable of velvet antler■ Velvet antler has been used in

traditional Chinese medicines and healthy food for over 2000 years

■Studies indicate that deer velvet supplements may improve athletic performance by:

◆increasing strength and endurance ◆ increasing oxygen-carrying capacity

of the blood◆ repairing minor tissue damage from

exertion ◆ boosting the immune system of

athletes

Profiled of sambar deer industry Profiled of sambar deer industry in Taiwanin Taiwan

■■ Farms: 629 Farms: 629

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Quantity of domesticQuantity of domestic sambar deers :19,226 sambar deers :19,226 heads in 2010heads in 2010

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The Yield of Velvet was 22,386kg in 2010The Yield of Velvet was 22,386kg in 2010

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The value of velvet production was about 6 The value of velvet production was about 6 billion NT dollars in 2010billion NT dollars in 2010

Profiled of sambar deer industry Profiled of sambar deer industry in Taiwanin Taiwan

Distribution of domestic sambarsambar deerMiaoli,844 heads

Nantou, 6,611 heads

Tainan,3,298 heads

Kaohsiung1,558 heads

Changhua , 887 heads

YearYear Deer farmDeer farm Velvet weightVelvet weight

2009 Darong Deer farm(Nantou County)

15,112 g

2010 Yuan-bao Deer farm(Nantou County)

11,925 g

2011 Tian-An-zhi-xiang Deer farm(Taoyuan County)

13,474 g

The champion of velvet competitions within three years The champion of velvet competitions within three years

Generation 1 in 2010

The velvet was 3,255 g in 2010(ear tag number is 6808)

The velvet was 2,336 g in 2010 (ear tag number is 6867)

The velvet was 2,940 g in 2010 (ear tag number is 6819)

Breed deer

The velvet was 4,425 g in 2010 (ear tag number is 6719)

The velvet was 15,112 g in 2009

News paper reported that value of deer is 30 millions NT dollars.

The value of the deer is 1 million NT dollars

Apply RFID technology on deer farm managementApply RFID technology on deer farm management

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) radioed reply

RFID耳標

RFID tag

Computer

The data of Ear tag

Wireless network

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)

000000000000000024

96Q-1022

120.8Kg

Ear TagRFID Tag

Weight

The deer with RFID tag

Apply RFID technology on deer farm managementApply RFID technology on deer farm management

Recording ItemsRecording Items

General

item

Estrus data

Ear tag no. list

Ear tag no. search :

velvet

weightVaccinationAdd new deer

delivery

Frozen sperm

Total data Cost ＆ balance Breed deer

Deer data monitor System

General dataGeneral data

picture remove

recoveredit

Ear tag no.

subspecies

sex

The date of birth

Weight of bith

group

location

source farm

the tag no. of father the tag no. of mother

described

The date of input

The date of exiting

The reason of exiting

weight

note

date of Input

Animal Health Inspection and Animal Health Inspection and Disease Control Center Disease Control Center CertificateCertificate

The result of The result of Tuberculosis test is Tuberculosis test is negativenegative

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Formosan Sambar Deer is endemic Formosan Sambar Deer is endemic subspecies of Taiwansubspecies of Taiwan

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Deer health status is inspected by Deer health status is inspected by governmentgovernment

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The prospect of deer industry of Taiwan is The prospect of deer industry of Taiwan is brightening.brightening.

Advantage of deer Advantage of deer industryindustry in Taiwanin Taiwan

Thank you for your attention