Genetics: Part 1Genetics: Part 1

Cell CycleCell Cycle **** Dominant & Dominant & RecessiveRecessive

Probability & Probability & HeredityHeredity

The Cell & The Cell & InheritanceInheritance

How Cells How Cells Make ProteinsMake Proteins

100100 100100 100100 100100 100100

200200 200200 200200 200200 200200

300300 300300 300300 300300 300300

400400 400400 400400 400400 400400

500500 500500 500500 500500 500500

Cell Cycle for 100Cell Cycle for 100

• AAdenine, denine, TThymine, hymine, GGuanine, and uanine, and CCytosine ytosine

• Answer: 4 Nitrogen BasesAnswer: 4 Nitrogen Bases

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Cell Cycle for 200Cell Cycle for 200

• The process where a cell makes an The process where a cell makes an exact copyexact copy of the DNA. of the DNA.

• Answer: ReplicationAnswer: Replication

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Cell Cycle for 300Cell Cycle for 300

• DNA DNA replication beginsreplication begins……

• Answer: The two sides of the DNA Answer: The two sides of the DNA molecule molecule unwind and separateunwind and separate. .

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Cell Cycle for 400Cell Cycle for 400

• Next partNext part of DNA of DNA replicationreplication……

• NitrogenNitrogen bases bases that are floating in that are floating in the nucleus the nucleus pair uppair up with the bases with the bases on each half of the DNA molecule.on each half of the DNA molecule.

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Cell Cycle for 500Cell Cycle for 500

• Double-rod structure that contains Double-rod structure that contains DNA, each rod is an exact copy of DNA, each rod is an exact copy of the other; the other; condensed chromatincondensed chromatin. .

• Answer: Chromosomes Answer: Chromosomes

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Dominant & Recessive for 100Dominant & Recessive for 100

• Trait that Trait that always shows upalways shows up when when that allele is present. that allele is present.

• Answer: DominantAnswer: Dominant

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Dominant & Recessive for 200Dominant & Recessive for 200

• Trait that is Trait that is hiddenhidden if the dominant if the dominant allele is present, and shown when allele is present, and shown when the gene is purebred for that trait. the gene is purebred for that trait.

• Answer: RecessiveAnswer: Recessive

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Dominant & Recessive for 300Dominant & Recessive for 300

• Two identical allelesTwo identical alleles for a trait; for a trait; sometimes known as purebred. sometimes known as purebred.

• Answer: HomozygousAnswer: Homozygous

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Dominant & Recessive for 400Dominant & Recessive for 400

• Two different allelesTwo different alleles for a trait, for a trait, sometimes known as hybrid. sometimes known as hybrid.

• Answer: HeterozygousAnswer: Heterozygous

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Dominant & Recessive for 500Dominant & Recessive for 500

• Alleles are Alleles are neither dominant or neither dominant or recessiverecessive; both alleles are expressed, ; both alleles are expressed, i.e. a black AND white chicken i.e. a black AND white chicken

• Answer: Codominance Answer: Codominance

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Probability & Heredity for 100Probability & Heredity for 100

• A chart that shows all the A chart that shows all the possible possible combinationscombinations of alleles that can of alleles that can result from a genetic cross. result from a genetic cross.

• Answer: Punnett SquareAnswer: Punnett Square

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Probability & Heredity for 200Probability & Heredity for 200

• A number that describes A number that describes how likelyhow likely it is that an event will occur.it is that an event will occur.

• Answer: ProbabilityAnswer: Probability

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Probability & Heredity Probability & Heredity for 300for 300

• Genetic makeupGenetic makeup or allele or allele combinations, represented by two combinations, represented by two letters. letters.

• Answer: GenotypeAnswer: Genotype

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Probability & Heredity for 400Probability & Heredity for 400

• Physical appearance, or Physical appearance, or expressed expressed traitstraits. .

• Answer: PhenotypeAnswer: Phenotype

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Probability & Heredity for 500Probability & Heredity for 500

• The results of probability are The results of probability are not not effected by previous results.effected by previous results.

• Answer: Independence of EventsAnswer: Independence of Events

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The Cell & Inheritance for 100The Cell & Inheritance for 100

• # of genes# of genes in the human body in the human body

• Answer: 20,000-25,000Answer: 20,000-25,000

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The Cell & Inheritance for 200The Cell & Inheritance for 200

• An American An American geneticistgeneticist

• Answer: Walter SuttonAnswer: Walter Sutton

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The Cell & Inheritance for 300The Cell & Inheritance for 300

• Genes are carriedGenes are carried from parents to from parents to their offspring their offspring on chromosomeson chromosomes..

• Answer: Chromosome Theory of Answer: Chromosome Theory of InheritanceInheritance

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The Cell & Inheritance for 400The Cell & Inheritance for 400

• The process that The process that produces sex cellsproduces sex cells, , that have ½ the number of that have ½ the number of chromosomes than body cells chromosomes than body cells

• Answer: Meiosis Answer: Meiosis

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The Cell & Inheritance for 500The Cell & Inheritance for 500

• What Sutton found in the What Sutton found in the grasshoppersgrasshoppers: :

• Answer: Answer: Body cellsBody cells had had 2424 chromosomes and chromosomes and sex cellssex cells had had 1212

chromosomeschromosomes

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How Cells Make Proteins for 100How Cells Make Proteins for 100

• Type of RNA that transfers, or carries, Type of RNA that transfers, or carries, amino acids to the ribosomes and amino acids to the ribosomes and adds them to the growing proteinadds them to the growing protein. .

• Answer: Transfer RNAAnswer: Transfer RNA

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How Cells Make Proteins for 200How Cells Make Proteins for 200

• Type of RNA that Type of RNA that copied the coded copied the coded messagemessage from the DNA in the from the DNA in the nucleus and carries the message to nucleus and carries the message to the ribosome. the ribosome.

• Answer: Messenger RNAAnswer: Messenger RNA

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How Cells Make Proteins for 300How Cells Make Proteins for 300

• A gene is a section of…A gene is a section of…

• Answer: … Answer: … a DNA moleculea DNA molecule that that contain the information code for contain the information code for

one specific protein. one specific protein.

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How Cells Make Proteins for 400How Cells Make Proteins for 400

• ……is to control the is to control the production of production of proteinsproteins in an organism’s cells. in an organism’s cells.

• Answer: Main function of genes…Answer: Main function of genes…

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How Cells Make Proteins for 500How Cells Make Proteins for 500

• ……to determineto determine the size, shape, the size, shape, color, and many other color, and many other traitstraits of an of an organism.organism.

• Answer: Proteins help…Answer: Proteins help…

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Final Jeopardy!Final Jeopardy!

ScoreScore WagerWager Right Right AnswerAnswer

Wrong Wrong AnswerAnswer

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