Genetics Research ProjectBy Grace Millard

Basic Genetic Principles

How are traits controlled by dominant and recessive alleles?

In organisms, the inheritance of traits is controlled by dominant and recessive alleles, or rather genes. The alleles decide which trait in the gene is dominant. A dominant allele is an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. A recessive allele is an allele that is “covered-up” when a dominant allele is present.

How are traits controlled with co dominant alleles?

When heterozygous alleles are neither dominant or recessive to each other so there both expressed.

Explain how the alleles of 2 parents combine to express traits in offspring?

As shown in my beautiful punnet square the dominant allele always shows when present and even if there is a recessive allele it will be masked if a dominant allele is present

Stem Cell Research

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upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Stem_cell_treatments.png

When did the project start and how did scientists hope to use this info

Stem cell research started in the 1960s when scientists discovered cancerous cells in mice that could form many different types of tissue the discovery didn’t have lots of research applications and scientists weren't able to create non-cancerous self renewing stem cell from mouse embryos for nearly 2 decades .

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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Stem_cells_diagram.png

What are the implications of Stem cell project in regards to ethical, legal, and social implications.

The implications of stem cell research in regard to ethical, legal, and social implications are that there is a chance that the embryos the stem cells are coming from could be humans and people like Sen. Sam Brownback, believe that it is like killing human life at its earliest stage. Other people like Sen. Byron Dorgan believe that those embryos are not alive and the benefits could be far better.

How did the stem cell project change current laws such as GINA

I don’t think the embryonic stem cell research has changed the GINA because that is a genetic info non-discriminating sort of thing, However I do know that former president George W Bush vetoed a bill that would have expanded federal funding for embryonic stem cell research because he didn’t think it was right and because of “snowflake” children who were adopted as embryos .

Genetic Disorders

Compare and contrast the 3 different types of genetic disorders

Single gene disorder-when there's a defect in 1 particular gene (has simple and predictable inheritance patterns).(example:Cystic Fibrosis)

Chromosome abnormalities-An abnormality that causes mental and/or physical defects, caused by errors in the number or structure of chromosomes(example:DownseSyndrome)

Multifactorial disorders-Conditions caused by many contributing factors.(examples: heart disease, diabetes, obesity)

How does genetic counseling help perspective parents who have genetic disorder regarding future children

Genetic counseling can help perspective parents regarding genetic disorders by using tools such as karyotypes, pedigree charts, and Punnet squares to help couples understand their chances of having a child with a particular genetic disorder.

How are karyotypes used to predict genetic disorders?

A karyotype is a picture of all chromosomes in a cell, arranged in pairs. Karyotypes are used to predict genetic disorders because they

sources

Primary source-Dr. Fong from the University of Virginia

Secondary sources-CQ Press Electronic Library. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. ://library.cq.com/>. http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre1999121700&type=hitlist&num=0

http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2006090100&type=hitlist&num=1

The txtbook http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_wtd020848.html http://www.marchofdimes.com/birthdefects_chromosomal.html

Any other sources both(were labeled for reuse)-http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Stem_cell_treatments.png

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Stem_cells_diagram.png

Genetics Research ProjectBy: Grace Millard

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