Genetics Review Test

TEST NAME:Genetics ReviewTEST ID:1047107GRADE:07 Seventh Grade

SUBJECT:Life and Physical SciencesTEST CATEGORY:School Assessment

Genetics Review Page 1 of 15

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1. A gene mutates in a type of bacteria. When these bacteria reproduce asexually, this mutationcan only be inherited by

A. different types of bacteria.

B. cells in the bacteria that are nonreproductive.

C. bacteria cells that are missing the gene.

D. direct descendants of the bacteria.

2. What types of cells are found only in organisms that reproduce sexually?

A. blood cells

B. neurons

C. skin cells

D. gametes

3. What advantage do the offspring of a dandelion have by reproducing asexually?

A. Reproduction occurs rapidly.

B. Reproductive competition is increased.

C. Mating compatibily improves.

D. Diversity increases between generations.

4. A particular peach tree produces peaches that are more resistant to disease than other peaches.What method would reproduce these exact peaches?

A. use bees to pollinate the flowers

B. reproduce by crosspollination of different peach trees

C. increase the diversity in the peach tree

D. ensure that the peach tree reproduces asexually

5. Which phrase does not describe asexual reproduction in organisms?

A. requires two parents

B. little variation in offspring

C. only one type of cell involved

D. duplicates its genetic material

6. Air pollution can influence a person’s quality of life. Which best identifies the influence of airpollution?

A. It is a behavioral influence.

B. It is a genetic influence.

C. It is an environmental influence.

D. It is a dietary influence.


7. Below are some influences on a person’s quality of life.

Influences on the Quality of Life

1 inheriting genetic diseases

2 using tobacco products

3 eating healthy food

4 drinking clean water

Which is least controlled by human behavior?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

8. Which best describes sexual reproduction in all animals?

A. Egg and sperm join together.

B. Pollen and seed join together.

C. Offspring have traits of only one parent.

D. Offspring are identical to one parent.

9. Rat snakes, Elaphe obsolete, are a species made of many distinct populations in different areas.Each of the populations has different markings and colorings. Where would rat snakes mostlikely be gray?

A. in a forest

B. in a swamp

C. in a gravel pit

D. in a corn field

10. A human body cell has 46 chromosomes. Which diagram represents mitosis in a human bodycell?

A.

B.

C.

D.


11. Which of the following is a part of the process of sexual reproduction?

A. budding

B. regeneration

C. pollination

D. fragmentation

12. Mitosis and meiosis are similar processes. Which best describes what can only occur aftermeiosis?

A. Parent cells can be either haploid or diploid.

B. Products of cell division result in identical genotypes.

C. Four daughter cells are produced by a single parent cell.

D. The number of chromosomes per nucleus remains the same after division.

13. Sicklecell anemia is a genetic disease that affects the blood. The table below lists somecharacteristics of the disease.

Genotype Effects onhealth?

Can pass asickle cell

allele on to children?

Resistantto

cholera?

Resistantto

malaria?

Homozygous, normal (two normal alleles)

no effect on health No No No

Heterozygous (one normal allele and one sickle cell allele)

no effect on health Yes No Yes

Homozygous with sickle cell disease (two copies of the sickle cell allele)

can severely affect health Yes No No

People who are homozygous for the trait usually have many health problems. People who haveone copy of the sicklecell allele are usually healthy. Would it ever beneficial to have one copyof the sickle cell allele?

A. yes, during an outbreak of cholera

B. yes, during an outbreak of malaria

C. no, because the allele does not protect against cholera

D. no, because the allele does not protect against malaria

14. In order to grow two of the exact same plants, a person would reproduce them asexuallybecause the

A. genetic diversity is greater.

B. offspring would be genetically identical.

C. recessive traits would emerge.

D. negative traits are suppressed.


15. This diagram illustrates a type of reproductive process in an organism.

Based on this information, what conclusion about the offspring labeled “A” is supported?

A. It has acquired traits in response to its environment.

B. It has a lower mass of genetic material than offspring B.

C. It has the same genetic material as its parent.

D. It has half as much genetic material as its parent.

16. Some organisms reproduce sexually while other organisms reproduce asexually. Which wouldbe an example of asexual reproduction?

A.

B.

C.

D.

17. An organism’s traits are largely determined by the genetic make up of its parents. A mutation inwhich kinds of cells in a parent could cause a new trait to appear in the parent’s offspring?

A. sperm or egg

B. egg or nerve

C. nerve or muscle

D. muscle or sperm


18. Bacteria are organisms that reproduce asexually. What would the traits inherited by a newlyproduced bacterium be like?

A. different from the traits of the single parent

B. the same traits as the single parent

C. different from the traits of two parents

D. similar traits as two parents

19. If the weather patterns change and stay colder, what is one way a mammal most likely willadapt to this change?

A. eat less

B. hibernate

C. grow a thicker coat of fur

D. increase its body temperature

20. Results from a simple heredity investigation can be displayed as a Punnett square, as a ratio, oras a fraction.

All three methods can be used because

A. three results are possible from a simple hereditary investigation.

B. three generations of offspring can be produced in a simple hereditary investigation.

C. all three methods can be used to show a different variation in the results.

D. all three methods can be used to show the same information.


21. In some plants, red flowers are dominant (R) and white flowers are recessive (r). Two plants are

crossed and the offspring have a possibility of red flowers and white flowers. Which Punnett

square shows the cross and its offspring?

A.

B.

C.

D.

22. Which statement most accurately describes the influences on a person’s length of life andquality of life?

A. Genes alone determine both the length and quality of life.

B. Behaviors alone determine both the length and quality of life.

C. Both behaviors and genes influence the length and quality of life.

D. Neither genes nor behaviors influence the length or quality of life.

23. Allele A is dominant in mice and allele a is recessive. Two mice with the gene combination Aabreed and produce four offspring as shown below.

Which offspring has the recessive phenotype?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

24. Which of the following describes asexual reproduction?

A. the process of meiosis in a fruit fly

B. fertilization of a chicken egg

C. binary fission in an amoeba

D. the process of embryo development in a mouse


25. A diagram of a homologous pair of rabbit chromosomes is shown. Homologous pairs ofchromosomes code for the same traits and look alike.

In which cell is there is an absence of homologous chromosomes?

A. bone

B. gamete

C. liver

D. skin

26. A child’s sex is determined by the sex chromosomes of which person?

A. grandfather

B. grandmother

C. mother

D. father

27. A main advantage to organisms that reproduce sexually is

A. being able to conserve energy.

B. having large numbers of offspring.

C. greater genetic diversity.

D. longer life spans.

28. When a fern reproduces with spores, the offspring

A. will be genetically identical to the parent plant.

B. will be better able to adapt to the environment.

C. will have half the genetic materials of the parent plant.

D. will have twice the genetic materials of the parent plant.


29. Potatoes reproduce by growing sprouts on their surfaces as shown.

When planted, these sprouts grow into new plants. This is an example of

A. seed production.

B. fertilization.

C. pollination.

D. asexual reproduction.

30. In one breed of dog, short hair is the dominant allele (H) while long hair is the recessive allele(h).

If both parents have short hair and the offspring has long hair, which statement best describesthe genetic characteristics of the offspring?

A. The offspring received mutated genes from both parents.

B. The offspring received one recessive allele from each parent.

C. The offspring received one dominant allele from each parent.

D. The offspring received a dominant and recessive allele from both parents.

31. Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. Wheredoes meiosis occur?

A. brain cells

B. bone cells

C. muscle cells

D. ovary cells

32. Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction?

A. capable of reproducing by meiosis

B. ability to reproduce without a mate

C. ability to produce genetically different offspring

D. capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent


33. In a gerbil population, the gene for coarse hair (H) is dominant, while the gene for smooth hair(h) is recessive. One pet store found that most of their customers want coarsehaired gerbils.Which cross between male and female gerbils will produce the greatest number of coarsehaired offspring?

A.

B.

C.

D.

34. Onions can reproduce from bulbs. One parent bulb generates daughter bulbs with duplicategenetic information. Which is the most likely advantage of this kind of reproduction?

A. Population size remains constant.

B. Beneficial mutations are inevitable.

C. Genetic variation is maximized.

D. Large quantities of individuals can be produced rapidly.


35. The gametes of human males and females have the same number of chromosomes. Which bestdescribes what happens to the chromosomes when typical male and female gametes combineto produce offspring?

A. The chromosomes change shape.

B. The number of chromosomes doubles.

C. The chromosomes become larger in size.

D. The number of chromosomes reduces by half.

36. Which plant cells contain half the DNA from one parent plant?

A. xylem and phloem

B. pollen and ovule

C. epidermis and mesophyll

D. pith and cambium

37. A parent cell includes the alleles B and b for a trait. When the cell divides, each daughter cellinherits one allele.

What does this process indicate about the organism from which the parent cell originated?

A. it is a female

B. it is unicellular

C. it reproduces sexually

D. it is genetically diverse

38. All of the inherited traits that are passed to offspring during asexual reproduction come from asingle

A. egg.

B. sperm.

C. virus.

D. parent.

39. A red flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white flowered plant (WW) and produces plants withpink flowers (RW). If two pink flowered plants are crossed, what color offspring could beproduced?

A. red, white, and pink

B. red and white

C. pink and red

D. pink and white


40. An advantage of asexual reproduction is that it does not require fertilization. What advantagedo the offspring of sexual reproduction most likely have as a result of fertilization?

A. The DNA variation in offspring may allow survival in a changing environment.

B. The DNA of the offspring is the same as the parent.

C. The offspring must use energy to find a mate.

D. The offspring are identical.

41. When an egg and sperm form an embryo, the offspring that is formed will have genetic traitsthat are

A. inherited from only one parent.

B. created by the environment.

C. passed on from two parents.

D. learned from siblings.

42. In a population of cats, the gene for long hair (H) is dominant and the gene for short hair (h) isrecessive. A breeder crosses a heterozygous longhaired male with a homozygous shorthairedfemale.

In a litter of four kittens, what percentage should the breeder expect to have long hair?

A. 25%

B. 50%

C. 75%

D. 100%

43. Organisms that reproduce asexually generally have offspring that are

A. unicellular.

B. multicellular.

C. genetically varied.

D. genetically identical.


44. A snapdragon plant with red flowers (RR) is crossed with a snapdragon plant with white flowers(WW). Snapdragon flowers show incomplete dominance. A punnet square of the cross is shownbelow.

If the cross produces four offspring, how many of each color flower would likely be produced?

A. four red flowers

B. four pink flowers

C. two red flowers and two pink flowers

D. two white flowers and two pink flowers

45. Which process occurs during meiosis that contributes to a germ cell having unique geneticmaterial?

A. transcription

B. replication

C. crossing over

D. spindle formation

46. Some fungi can reproduce either asexually or sexually, resulting in offspring with differentcharacteristics. Sexually produced offspring have

A. a complex level of cell organization.

B. a number of organelles in each cell.

C. a lesser risk of having mutations than asexually produced offspring.

D. a combination of genetic material from each parent cell.

47. What can cause an offspring to have a physical trait neither of its parents has?

A. a mutation in a parent’s body cell

B. a mutation in a parent’s sex cell

C. the natural selection of a trait

D. the artificial selection of a trait


48. Use the Punnett square to answer the question that follows.

In a monohybrid cross between two organisms heterozygous for a particular trait (Ff), whatwould be the predicted ratio of the offspring's genotypes?

A. 1 FF: 3 Ff: 1 ff

B. 1 FF: 2 Ff: 1 ff

C. 2 FF: 2 Ff

D. 3 Ff: 1 ff

49. Plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. If one offspring is produced sexually while theother is produced asexually, what will only the sexually produced offspring have?

A. both inherited and acquired traits

B. a new combination of traits

C. beneficial genetic traits

D. a complete set of traits

50. Why does sexual reproduction result in more genetic diversity than asexual reproduction?

A. Traits from two parents are combined.

B. More organisms reproduce this way.

C. Offspring grow in different environments.

D. Offspring come from identical parents.

51. A bacterium can reproduce quickly by splitting into two cells. Which of these best describes thegenetic makeup of the resulting two cells?

A. They have the same amount of genetic material and are identical.

B. They have the same amount of genetic material but are not identical.

C. They have half the amount of genetic material, which grows in size.

D. They have half the amount of genetic material, but then it duplicates itself.


52. There are four blood types: A, B, AB, and O. The genes for both A and B blood types aredominant over O.

What is the probability of a father with blood type O and a mother with blood type AB producinga child with blood type O?

A. 0%

B. 25%

C. 75%

D. 100%

53. Vertebrate animals produce offspring by sexual reproduction. Which is an advantage of thistype of reproduction?

A. Time and energy is used to find a mate in the population.

B. There is increased genetic diversity within the population.

C. The offspring grows faster than one that is produced asexually.

D. The offspring receives its DNA from one parent and is identical to that parent.

54. What has to happen for an inherited trait to increase in a population?

A. Organisms with the trait need to live longer lives than organisms without the trait.

B. Organisms with the trait need to bear more offspring than organisms without the trait.

C. Organisms with the trait need to have more siblings than organisms without the trait.

D. Organisms with the trait need to grow bigger bodies than organisms without the trait.

55. Which of the following is a result of the exchange of homologous chromosome parts during theprocess of meiosis?

A. random mutations

B. decreased gamete number

C. offspring with unique combinations of traits

D. decreased number of alleles on each chromosome


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Genetics Review Test