Genetics Test Review 2012

8/3/2019 Genetics Test Review 2012

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Genet ics Test Rev iewKnow what meiosis is and how it is relatedto genetics. Know who Mendel was and what hiscontribution to genetics is. Be very familiarwith his experiments. Be able to define and explain thevocabulary terms from the sections we havecovered in Chapter 16, 17, and 18. Know the difference between genes, alleles,and traits. Be able to explain how genes are passeddown.

Understand Protein synthesis, DNAbases and base pairing, and theroles and functions of mRNA andtRNA.

Be able to do autosomal and sex-linkedPunnett squares. Know what codominance and incompletedominance means and how it works. Know the difference between single genetraits, multiple alleles, and polygenic traits

(traits in which multiple genes are involved such as height, skin color, etc)

Be able to give the probability of specific genotypes in offspring given the parentsgenotypes. Be able to give probabilities in percentage or ratio form of phenotypesand/or genotypes.

Know the genotypes for blood types and be able to predict blood types using a Punnettsquare.

Know how sex-linked and other genetic disorders are inherited. Be able to giveexamples from the book.

Know the general steps and results of both mitosis and meiosis. How are they thesame? How are they different?

Know who Charles Darwin is and be able to explain what evolution is and the role of

natural selection. Be able to identify and explain the factors that affect the process of natural

selection.

Be able to explain possible ways new species form.


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Pr act ice1. In humans, at the end of meiosis, there are __________ daughter cells, each with __________ chromosomes.2. In humans, at the end of mitosis, there are __________ daughter cells, each with __________ chromosomes.3. DNA replication occurs during what stage in both meiosis and mitosis?4. If a unicorn has 88 chromosomes in a normal body cell, how many chromosomes would be in its sex cells?5. Venusians (thats people from Venus) have 65 chromosomes in their gametes, how many chromosomes

are found in their body cells?

6. List the nitrogen bases DNA and RNA are made up of.7. Based on the Punnett square to the right, what is the probability that the offspring will have the

dominant phenotype? ___________________% B=blue eyes; b = brown eyes

BB Bb

Bb bb8. Will be a purebred?___________________%

9. The Martian gene for skin color (S) has two alleles, green and purple. Green is dominant. Show thePunnett square cross for a heterozygous male Martian and a purple female.

10. In humans, at the end of meiosis, ________ (how many) daughter cells have been produced, each having_________ (how many) chromosomes.

11. Any change that occurs in a gene or chromosome is called a _____________________.12. The allele for the sickle-cell trait is (circle one) recessive dominant codominant

13. Hemophilia is caused by a (circle one) recessive dominant codominant allele on the X chromosome.

14. If a woman is a carrier for hemophilia and she marries a man who is affected with hemophilia, what is theprobability that they will have a boy who will NOT be infected by this condition?

(Complete a Punnett Square) Answer: _____%

15. Joe Schmoe is heterozygous for B type blood. He knows his mom is type O blood, but is uncertain of his dads bloodtype. What blood type(s) is NOT POSSIBLE for his dad? Circle all that apply.

Type A Type B Type AB Type O


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16. Which of the following traits is controlled by multiple alleles? (Circle only one)Straight hairline blood type widows peak smile dimples

17. A chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait is called a ___________.

18. Albinism is a recessive allele disorder that is not sex-linked. If a person who is a carrier for this trait marries ahomozygous dominant person, what is the probability of them having a child with the disorder?

(Complete a Punnett Square) Answer: ________%

19. If a person is homozygous for B type blood is crossed with a person who is O type blood, what is theprobability that they will have a child with O type blood? (You must show your work on a PunnettSquare)

Answer = ____________ %

20.How did Darwin explain the role of natural selection in evolution.

Vocabul ar y You Shoul d Know

HeredityHomologouschromosome

Gene

Trait

Dominant

Recessive

Allele

Purebred

HybridHomozygous

Heterozygous

Genotype

Phenotype

Meiosis

Mutation

mRNA

tRNACarrier

Sexlinkedgene

Geneticdisorder

Evolution

Naturalselection

Adaptation

Variation


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CompletethedatatablesbelowwithinformationinChapters16and17

WordBankYoumayusewordsmorethanonce,ornotatall

HUMANGENETICSSingleGeneTraits MultipleGeneTraits MultipleAlleleTraits SexLinkedTraits Codominant

HUMANGENETICDISORDERS

DisorderAutosomal/Regularor

Sexlinked?Whatcausesit?

Whatarethe

symptoms?Isthereacure?

SickleCellAnemia

DownSyndrome

CysticFibrosis

Hemophilia

skincolor hemophilia eyecolor widowspeak dimples

height bloodtype hitchhikersthumb tongueroller haircolor

cleftinchin attached/freeearlobes Red/Grcolorblindness sicklecell DownSyndro

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Genetics Test Review 2012