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Genetics Notes
Genetics: the study of how traits of organisms are passed from parent to offspring.
1. Heredity2. Genes3. DNA4. Chromosomes5. Sperm6. Egg7. Recessive Genes8. Dominant Genes
Brain Pop!
1. heredity:passingdownfromparentstooffspring(kids)2. genes:DNAinheritedfrommomanddad3. DNA:informationthatisfoundinthenucleusofallyourcells4. chromosomes:DNAthatlookslikeX5. sperm:malesexcell6. egg:femalesexcell7. recessivegenes:genesthatgetcoveredup8.dominantgenes:genesthatcovereverything
Bill Nye Library Analogy
Traits Inventory
Gregor Mendel
- Gregor Mendel was the first person known to record evidence that traits of organisms are determined by factors passed from parents to offspring.- Born in 1822 in Europe- Father of Genetics
Mendel studied genetics by conducting breeding experiments with pea plants.
Dominant TraitsA genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor
Recessive TraitsA genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant genetic factor
GenesA section of DNA that has information about a specific trait of an organism
Allele2 alleles make up a gene
PhenotypeThe visible traits and characteristics of an organism
GenotypeThe alleles of all the genes on an organism's chromosomes
Uppercase letters represent dominant alleles
Lowercase letters represent recessive alleles
EeAlleles for eye color
Allele for brown eyes (dominant) Allele for blue eyes (recessive)
Homozygous: two alleles have the same information
Heterozygous: two alleles have different information
Thegenotypecontains2alleles,onefrommomandonefromdad.Theseallelescanbeeitherdominantorrecessive.Ifthereareoneormoredominantallelespresent,thenthephenotypewillberepresentativeofthedominant.Iftherearenodominantallelespresent,thenthephenotypewilltakeontherecessivefeature.Thecombinationofgenotypeallelesdeterminethephenotype