Genetics

Why your family is messed up?

Gregor Mendel

Father of Modern Genetics

Pea Plants

Monk

Gregor Mendel

Alternative versions of genes (alleles) account for variation

Gregor Mendel

For Each Character, an organism inherits two alleles

Gregor Mendel

If the two alleles are different, One is dominant and one is recessive

Gregor Mendel

The two alleles segregate during gamete production

Gregor Mendel

Independent Assortment

Sex-linked

On the X chromosomeColorblindness

Hemophilia

Muscular dystrophy

Sex Influenced

On a autonomic chromosome but affected by what sex you are

Male pattern baldness

Blood Types

Blood Types

Linked Genes

On a autonomic chromosomes near each other

Red hair / freckles

Pleiotropy

One gene has multiple effectsSickle-cell anemia

Epistasis

A gene at one location alters the phenotypic expression of a gene on a second location

Fur color

Polygenic

Characters vary in a population along a continuum

Skin Color

Recessively Inherited Traits

Must inherit genes from both parents to display trait

Albinism

Tay-Sachs

Cystic Fibrosis

Dominately Inherited Traits

Must inherit genes from only one parents to display trait

Achondroplasia

Huntington’s disease

Fetal Testing

NondisjunctionAneuroploidy

Human DisordersDown’s SyndromeTurner’s SyndromeKlinefelter’s SyndromeTrisomy X Syndrome

Cloning

Stem Cells

A Cell that’s job has not been determinedEarly embryonic Stem Cells

Blastocyst Embryonic Stem Cells

Fetal Stem Cells

Umbilical Stem Cells

Adult Stem Cells

Stem CellsFor each new application of stem cell technology, we must consider:What are the benefits? What are the risks? Whom will the technology help? Does it have the potential to hurt anyone? What does this mean for me? For my family? For others around me? Why might others not share my view?

Stem Cells

Ethical, legal and social issues.Ethical issues are those that ask us to consider the potential moral outcomes of stem cell technologies.

Legal issues require researchers and the public to help policymakers decide whether and how stem cell technologies should be regulated by the government.

Social issues involve the impact of stem cell technologies on society as a whole.

Cancer Causing Genes

OncogenesProto-oncogene

Tumor Suppressor GenesFaulty Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genetically Modified Crops