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Ge#ng started on the CyTOF: learning by living Alice Long and BRI HIP core team 2013

Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

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Page 1: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

Ge#ng  started  on  the  CyTOF:  learning  by  living  

Alice  Long  and  BRI  HIP  core  team  2013  

Page 2: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

BRI  Timeline  

May  Nov   Feb   Mar   April  Jan  Dec  

PracJce  &  Panel  Development  

PreparaJon  

InstallaJon  

Open  for  business  Training  

$  

Page 3: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

PreparaJon  •  Funding  decisions  

–  External  funding:  Murdock  foundaJon  –  Internal  BRI  funds  to  support  HIP  core  CyTOF  development  

•  Pro’s:    –  Not  dependent  on  immediate  grant  funding  –  Jme  to  produce  preliminary  data  for  grants  

•  Con’s:  –  No  solid  commitment  from  staff  to  use  the  machine  

•  Gaining  experience  –  Visited  others  faciliJes  

•  OHSU  –  Mandy  Boyd  •  FHCRC  –  Andrew  Berger  •  Lessons  learned  

–  Instrument  set-­‐up:  locaJon  of  CyTOF  in  lab,  gas  and  vacuum  flow  –  Re-­‐iteraJon  of  instrument  operaJon  and  troubleshooJng:  common  disposables  

•  EducaJon  –  PotenJal  of  technology  

•  BRI-­‐wide  and  Faculty  presentaJons  –  Comparison  of  flow  vs  CyTOF  

Page 4: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

Flow  Cytometry  vs.  Mass  Cytometry  Technology   Fluorescence  flow  

cytometry  Mass  Cytometry  

Measurement   Fluorescent  probes   Stable  mass  isotope  probes  

General  CapabiliJes  

20  parameters,  18  fluorescent  (difficult)  

37  ….and  counJng  (easy*)  

         -­‐   Novel  metals  (i.e.  barium,  gold,  iodine)  

Fluorescent  barcoding   Metal  tag  barcoding  

FSC  and  SSC                    -­‐  

Ca2+  flux                      -­‐  

Mitochondrial  Assessment                  ?      

Cell  division  (CFSE)                  -­‐  

Live  cell  sorJng                  -­‐  

Edited  from  Bendall  S,  et.al.,  Trends  Immunol  2012  

Page 5: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

Flow  Cytometry  vs.  Mass  Cytometry  Technology   Fluorescence  flow  

cytometry  Mass  Cytometry  

SensiJvity   0.1-­‐10   1-­‐2  

QuanJtaJve   Yes   Yes  

Throughput  

Cells/s   25,000   1000  (500)  

Cells/hr   25-­‐60  million   1  million  

Efficiency   >  95%   <  30%  

Reagent  Cost  

Per  probe  per  test   $2.00-­‐$8.00   $1.50-­‐$3.00  

Maintenance  

Daily   15  minutes   60  minutes  

Weekly   30  minutes   4  hours  

Page 6: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

InstallaJon  and  training  

•  Hands-­‐on  experience!  •  Use  DVS  support!  

Page 7: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

PracJce  and  Panel  Development  

•  IniJal  pracJce  and  troubleshooJng  •  Surface  panel  development    – Ab  selecJon  – Ab  conjugaJon  – Sample  tesJng  

•  Current  development  projects  – Class  II  tetramer  – Phospho  and  ICS  panels  built  of  current  surface  panel  

– Mouse  surface  panel  

Page 8: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

IniJal  pracJce  and  troubleshooJng  •  PracJce  

–  Start  the  CyTOF  daily  for  a  few  weeks,  someJmes  running  basic  samples  to  become  comfortable  with  maintenance  and  troubleshooJng  

–  Become  familiar  with  sosware  and  manuals  

Selected  issues  encountered   solu9ons  

Takes  a  few  Jmes  to  start   Make  sure  nebulizer  is  completely  gassed-­‐out  

Pulse  count,  dual  count,  Tb  TOF  low    (not  pass  QC)  

SUPER  clean  copper  contacts  with  EtOH  

Sampler  orifice  damage?   Installed  replacement  

No  fcs  file  aser  run   Stopped  early,  but  data  retrievable  

Mass  calibraJon  off   Leslie  from  DVS  fixed  remotely  

OxidaJon  high   OpJmize  make-­‐up  and  nebulizer  gas  flows  

Page 9: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

Other  lessons  learned  

•  Running  samples  –  Importance  of  counJng  cells  and  flow  rate  – OpJmizing  protocols  

•  Reduce  washes  •  Least  amount  of  Jme  in  water  •  Stability  of  stained  cells  •  Need  for  permebilizaJon  and  DNA  labeling?  

•  Ask  quesJons!  – Thanks  for  help  from  DVS  and  Stanford  team  

Page 10: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

DVS  Raw  Cytof  Data  

Page 11: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

Really  Raw  Cytof  Data  

Page 12: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

Development  of  a  28  Marker  Mass  Cytometry  Panel  

•  Developed  Metal  Panel  –  Ordered  21  pre-­‐conjugated  human  AnJbodies  from  DVS  Sciences  as  closely  matching  Stanford  panels  as  possible  

–  Conjugated  7  with  MAXPAR®  kits  –  Titrated  all  conjugates  in  the  same  tube  on  fresh  and  frozen  PBMC  

•  Compared  Panel  to  tradiJonal  Flow  Cytometry  –  3  human  subjects,  Ficoll  separated  –  Assayed  4  fluorescent  panels  –  Assayed  1  metal  panel  –  Collected  on  LSRII  and  CyTOF  

Page 13: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

PBMC  Surface  Phenotyping  Panel  

Ab   label   Ab   label   Ab   label  

CCR4   149Sm   CD161   159Tb   CD45RO   152Sm  

CCR6   141Pr   CD19   142Nd   CD56   176Yb  

CCR7   150Nd   CD24   169Tm   CD8   168Er  

CD10   156Gd   CD25   143Nd   CRTh2   175Lu  

CD11c   162Dy   CD27   144Nd   CXCR3   158Gd  

CD123   151Eu   CD3   170Er   HLA  DR   174Yb  

CD127   171Yb   CD38   167Er   IgD   146Nd  

CD14   160Gd   CD4   145Nd   IgM   172Yb  

CD15   164Dy   CD45   154Sm          

CD16   165Ho   CD45RA   153Eu          

Page 14: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

Typical  JtraJon  

0 101 102 103 104

(Yb172)Di: CD57

0

101

102

103

104

(Er1

70)D

i: C

D3

0uL

0 101 102 103 104

(Yb172)Di: CD57

0

101

102

103

104

(Er1

70)D

i: C

D3

0.03uL

0 101 102 103 104

(Yb172)Di: CD57

0

101

102

103

104

(Er1

70)D

i: C

D3

0.06uL

0 101 102 103 104

(Yb172)Di: CD57

0

101

102

103

104

(Er1

70)D

i: C

D3

0.125uL

0 101 102 103 104

(Yb172)Di: CD57

0

101

102

103

104

(Er1

70)D

i: C

D3

0.25uL

0 101 102 103 104

(Yb172)Di: CD57

0

101

102

103

104

(Er1

70)D

i: C

D3

0.5uL

0 101 102 103 104

(Yb172)Di: CD57

0

101

102

103

104

(Er1

70)D

i: C

D3

1uL

0 101 102 103 104

(Yb172)Di: CD57

0

101

102

103

104

(Er1

70)D

i: C

D3

2uL

50  µL  total  volume  

Use  of  isotype  controls?  

Page 15: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

0 50K 100K 150K 200K 250KFSC-A

0

50K

100K

150K

200K

250K

FSC-H

0 50K 100K 150K 200K 250KFSC-A

0

50K

100K

150K

200K

250K

SSC-A

0 102 103 104 105

<Pacific Blue-A>: CD3

0

50K

100K

150K

200K

250K

SSC

-A

0 30 60 90 120Cell_length

0

101

102

103

104

(Sm

154)

Di:

CD

45

0 101 102 103 104(Ir193)Di

0

101

102

103

104

(Ir191)Di

0 101 102 103 104

(Er170)Di: CD3

0

101

102

103

104

(Sm

154)

Di:

CD

45

Ga9ng  for  tradi9onal  Flow  Cytometry  

Ga9ng  for  Mass  Cytometry  

Page 16: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

0 102 103 104 105

<Qdot 605-A>: CD8

0

102

103

104

105

<V50

0-A

>: C

D4

0 103 104 105

<PerCP-Cy5-5-A>: CCR6

0

103

104

105

<PE-

Cy7

-A>:

CD

45R

O

0 103 104 105

<V500-A>: CD14

0

103

104

105

<Ale

xa F

luor

700

-A>:

HLA

-DR

0 101 102 103 104

(Nd145)Di: CD4

0

101

102

103

104

(Er1

68)D

i: C

D8

0 101 102 103 104

(Gd160)Di: CD14

0

101

102

103

104

(Yb1

74)D

i: H

LA-D

R0 101 102 103 104

(Pr141)Di: CCR6

0

101

102

103

104

(Sm

152)

Di:

CD

45R

O

Ga9ng  for  tradi9onal  Flow  Cytometry  

Ga9ng  for  Mass  Cytometry  

Differences  in  MFI  and  double  posiJve  populaJons?  

Page 17: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

Comparison  of  Mass  Cytometry  to  TradiJonal  Flow  Cytometry  (FC)  

Outliers    CD38  CRTH2  IgD    

Page 18: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

Examples  of  SPADE  trees  from  whole  blood  samples  gate  on  live  cells,  cluster  on  CD19,  CD4,  CD8,  CD3,  CD123,  CD56,  CD11c  

CD27  density  CCR4  density  

Page 19: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

AnJgen  Specific  Cell  Phenotyping  (Kwok  Lab)  

•  HA  Clonal  Cells/PBMC  spiked  in.  •  Cells  surfaced  labeled  with  AnJbody  (2H11)  and  metal-­‐tagged  tetramer  (StAv  metal)  

•  Washed  and  labeled  with  2H11-­‐166Er  •  Fixed  with  2%  PFA  •  Permeablized  with  Saponin  •  Washed  and  labeled  with  Ir191,193  •  Washed  with  MilliQ  water  •  Resuspended  in  MQ  and  Eu151,153  

Page 20: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

Class  II  -­‐  Flu  Tetramer  PosiJve    

0 30 60 90 120Cell_length

0

101

102

103

104

(Sm

154)

Di:

CD

45

32.2

0 101 102 103 104

(Ir193)Di

0

101

102

103

104

(Ir19

1)D

i

95.7

0 101 102 103 104

(Nd145)Di: CD4

0

101

102

103

104

(Er1

70)D

i: C

D3

80.8

0 101 102 103 104

(Er166)Di: 2H11

0

101

102

103

104

(Nd1

45)D

i: C

D4

15.8

0 101 102 103 104

(Tb159)Di: Tmr1

0

101

102

103

104

(Nd1

45)D

i: C

D4

15.4

0 101 102 103 104

(Er166)Di: 2H11

0

101

102

103

104

(Tb1

59)D

i: Tm

r1

2.99 10.8

4.581.7

Tetram

er  1  

Ir   CD3  

Cell  Length  

CollaboraJon  with  Kwok  lab  

CD4  

CD4  

CD45

 

Ir   CD4  

Tetramer  1  2H11   2H11  

Page 21: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

Current  troubleshooJng  with  Class  II  Tmr  

Issues   Possible  solu9ons  

PermeablizaJon  reduces  Tmr  binding,  parJcularly  for  low  

affinity  interacJons  

-­‐  Eliminate  permeablizaJon  and  idenJfy  cells  by  surface  markers  

Low  frequency  of  Class  II  Tmr+  cells  in  PBMC  

-­‐  PosiJvely  select  Class  II  Tmr+  cells  using  anJ-­‐PE  Miltenyi  columns  

-­‐  Amplify  signal  using  Strepavidin  conjugated  heavy  metal  or  anJ-­‐bioJn-­‐metal  Ab  

-­‐  Use  surrogate  marker  of  Tmr  for  iniJal  tests  of  low  frequency  events  

c-­‐myc  Class  II  Tmr  producJon   -­‐  Trial  and  error  

Page 22: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

Current  troubleshooJng  with  ICS  and  phoshpo  stains  

Issues   Possible  solu9ons  

Pairing  nuclear  stains  with  ICS  

-­‐  TesJng  BD  transcripJon  factor  buffer  by  flow  for  mulJple  targets  (flow  vs  CyTOF  for  nuclear  stains)  

-­‐  TesJng  different  FOXP3  anJbodies    

SelecJon  of  best  heavy  metal  for  bar-­‐coding  

-­‐  Trial  and  error    

Best  level  of  sJmulaJon  to  detect  subtle  changes  in  autoimmune  diseases  

-­‐  Determining  ½  maximal  and  maximal  sJm  for  phospho  and  ICS  

-­‐  SelecJon  of  posiJve  control  samples  (PMA/I,  cytokine  capture  techniques,  lines  and  clones)  

Page 23: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

Open  for  Business  

•  BRI  Resources  – HIP  core  services  

•  Maintenance  of  CyTOF  •  Scheduling  CyTOF  use  

– HIP  core  resources  •  Advice  on  experimental/panel  design  •  Advice  on  protocols  

–  Provide  protocols  and  training  •  Metal  conjugated  Ab  •  AcquisiJon  of  data  •  FloJo  QC  and  SPADE  analysis  of  data  

Page 24: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

Cost  structure  Reagents   acquisi9on   FloJo  

analysis  SPADE  analysis  

BRI  cost/sample  

Tier    1    

HIP  core   HIP  core   HIP  core   $240  

Tier  1  (SPADE)  

HIP  core   HIP  core   HIP  core   HIP  core   $300  

Tier  2  (trained  

personnel)  

BRI  and/or  HIP  core    ($300/vial)  or  $8/test  

HIP  core  $200/hr  

 

BRI  or  HIP  core  

$50/hr  for  

analysis-­‐training  

Tier  3  (specially  trained  

personnel)  

BRI  and  /or  HIP  core  

BRI  $100/hr  

 

BRI  

SPADE  is  $1,200/year/user  

Page 25: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

CyTOF  users  to-­‐date  

•  HIP  core  –  Ian  Frank  –  Jerill  Thorpe  – Katharine  Schwedhelm  – Alice  Long  

•  Kwok  lab  for  Tmr  stains  •  Jane  Buckner  and  Alice  Long  1st  customers  – Phospho  and  ICS  stains  on  clinical  samples  

Page 26: Geng&started&on&the& CyTOF: learning&by&living&

BRI  Inves9gators  Jerry  Nepom  

Bill  Kwok  Erik  Wambre  Jane  Buckner  

   

Funding  Support    NIAID    JDRF    Murdock  FoundaJon          

   

Human  Immunophenotyping  Core  (HIPc)  at  BRI  S.  Alice  Long  

Katharine  Schwedhelm  Jerill  Thorpe  

Ian  Frank    

NIAID