Budsaba UamkasemGeo-Informatics Specialist

Geo – Informatic Applications and Service OfficeGeo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (Public Organization): GISTDA

GEO-INFORMATICS FOR

ECONOMIC CROPS MONITORING IN THAILAND

AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMATIC MONITORING

CropWatch - Crop Area Estimation

FUTURE RESEARCH

CropBarn - Crop Yield Prediction (under development)

CropHealth - Crop Stress

CropMet - Weather and Climate

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTIONGeography: Thailand is situated in the central of the Southeast Asian mainland.Topography: divided into 6 regions, 77 provinces Capital: BangkokPopulation: 69 millionArea: 513,115 sq. km (198,115 sq. miles)Major language: ThaiMajor religion: BuddhismClimate: tropic and monsoon

Summer: March - MayRainy: June - OctoberWinter: November - February

95% of labor force is employed in agriculture and the most important crop is rice.Source: wikipedia.org

GISTDA ORGANIZATION CHART

Board of Directors

Executive Directors

Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation

Internal Audit Office

Assistant Executive Director

THEOS 2 Office

Legal and Contract Division

Executive Board Secretary Division

National Spatial Data Infrastructure Division

Business and Alliance

Development Office

Geo –Informatic Product Office

Geo – Informatic Applications and Service Office

Deputy Executive DirectorDeputy Executive Director Deputy Executive Director Deputy Executive Director

Administrative Office

Corporate Strategy Office

Academic Section

Knowledge Development and Outreach

Office

Satellite Operation

Office

Space Krenovation

Park

CropWatch CropHealth CropMetCropBarn

GISTDA has been applying the geo-informatics and space technology for crop monitoring and yield estimation to support the government and local agricultural organizations.

The Agricultural Systematic Monitoring

Cooperated with different departments of Ministry of Agriculture and cooperatives such as:

Rice Department of Thailand (RD)

Royal Irrigation Department (RID)

Department of Agricultural Extension (DOAE)

Office of Agricultural Economics (OAE)

The Agricultural Systematic Monitoring

Crop Monitoring

Crop Type Identification & Mapping

Crop Condition Assessment

Damage Assessment

phenologystage type

crop rotationfarm activity

moist-deficiency

insectsfungal/weed

Crop Growth Monitoring

Crop Area Estimation

Crop Yield Prediction

agri-climate Crop growth

remote sensing

feather extraction…

Field Monitoring Networks

Crop Disaster Monitoring..

CropHealth

CropWatch

CropMet

CropBarn

4 main crops:

• Rice

• Corn

• Cassava

• Sugarcane

Op

tica

l Im

age

SAR

Imag

e

MODIS

LANDSAT 7,8

SENTINEL-2

THEOS

RADARSAT-2

SENTINEL-1

Yield estimation was obtained base on estimated area from satellite data and the average yield per area provided by Office of Agricultural Economics

Several passive and active sensors onboard different satellites were used to monitor the crop areas over Thailand every two week. (every week for rice)

Economic crops area map

CropWatch

Field work and Data Validation

Tillering Heading

CropWatch

Rice Monitoring at Country Level

CropWatch

Monitoring 4 main crops: rice / corn / cassava / sugarcane

CropWatch

ecoplant.gistda.or.th

CropWatch

SUGARCANE6.6 million rai

RICE52.7 million rai

CORN5.5 million rai

CASSAVA8.2 million rai

Report of crops area

Major Crops situation in Thailand (as of 20 September 2019)

Oil Palm and Rubber Tree Monitoring at country level Oil Palm Rubber Tree

CropWatch

• 6 million rai of oil palm• 28.3 million rai of rubber• Yearly update• Crop age classification

using multi – temporal satellite data

CropWatch

Oil palm age classification for production estimate

spectroradiometer

3-D sonic anemometer

krypton hygrometer

thermal infrared radiometer net radiometer

solar radiation

humidity & air temperature

digital camera

rain gage

digital camera

wind speed and direction

water content profile probe

Ground Station : in-situ measurement

“The important thing in using satellite data in crop

monitoring is to make sure our end-users trust

our data and solution”

Seedling Tillering Heading Harvesting

Developing the Phenology of Crop Field

Time-series images

Phenological profile

23 Stations

Ground Station : in-situ measurement

22 Stations

EO provide a supplement to in-situ measurements by offering observations that are regularly, temporally, and spatially reliable

Satellite-derived data is validated based on in-situ data

Red edgeVisible

Near-InfraredMid-Infrared

Thermal-Infrared

Monitoring stresses in plants : from in situ measurement and space technology

EvapotranspirationHealthy

Response

Stressed Response

Policy, Decision Making

Farmer

Stresses in plants can be• heat stress• water stress• cold stress

Stresses in plants

Spatial analysis

CropHealth

24/07/2016 – 30/07/2016 07/08/2016 – 13/08/2016

EvapotranspirationCropHealth

24/07/2016 – 30/07/2016 07/08/2016 – 13/08/2016

Crop Water StressCropHealth

CropHealth

Near real time automatic

FUTURE RESEARCH

spectroradiometer

3-D sonic anemometer

krypton hygrometer

thermal infrared radiometer

net radiometer

solar radiation

air temperature

relative humidity

water content profile probe

rain gage

wind speed and direction

digital camera (2)

The agreement between satellite data and in-situ data was good enough to suggest that the parameters estimated from satellite sources are reliable.

Comparison of MODIS-derived atmospheric parameters to in-situ point observations

CropMet

CropMet cmet.gistda.or.th

• Crop types• Crop age• Vegetation

indices• Biophysical

indices• Environmental

parameter• Duration/time

Early warning in crop diseases and insect using geo-informatics technology

CH4 Analyzer

Sonic anemometerCO2/H2O Analyzer

Net radiometer

Pyranometer

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Evapotranspiration [mm]

Satellite Observations and Flux Measurements Both remote sensing satellite observations and flux tower measurements offer information about the Earth's carbon, water and energy cycles

GOSAT (Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite)

Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2)

Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3)

ECOsystem SpaceborneThermal Radiometer Experiment on International Space Station (ECOSTRESS)

Uncertainty associated with co-location of satellite and ground measurements

FUTURE RESEARCH

Floo

d

Droug

ht

CropCalendar

The crop cultivation in Thailand is probably damaged by disaster.

Thailand Crop Calendar