Date: ____________

Page 202

Provide Examples: Autotroph, Heterotroph, Carnivore, Omnivore

What is the primary difference between primary and secondary succession. Example of Pioneer Species

Agenda

Interims?

Notes on Geochemical Cycle

Notebooks Due

Project

•Movement of particular types of matter through living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem

•Matter changes form but is NEVER created or destroyed!

•It is used over and over again in a continuous cycle.

•Organisms are important for cycling matter.

•Carbon, nitrogen, and water are examples of cycled matter.

•Major element in living things, especially organic molecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids)

•Found in the atmosphere, minerals and rocks, fossil fuels like natural gas, and organic materials composing soil and aquatic sediments

•How do organisms help cycle carbon in ecosystems?

•Photosynthesis: CO2 goes into the plant and is converted to simple sugars

•Respiration: organisms break down glucose, carbon is released as CO2

•Decomposition: decomposers break down carbon compounds to enrich the soil – it is eventually released as CO2

•Conversion of biochemical compounds: carbon is stored as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids within organisms

•How else can stored carbon be released?

•Combustion: wood and fossil fuels (once living organisms) are burned, CO2 is released into the atmosphere

•Weathering of carbonate rocks: bones and shells fall to the bottom of oceans/lakes and become part of the sedimentary rocks. When these rocks weather and decompose, carbon is released into the ocean and eventually the atmosphere

•Major component of amino acids, which are needed to build proteins in organisms

•Found in the atmosphere as elemental nitrogen (N2), in living organisms (proteins and nucleic acids), or in organic materials in soil and sediment

•How do organisms help cycle nitrogen in ecosystems?

•Nitrogen-fixation: bacteria in soil, roots of plants, or aquatic ecosystems convert N2 in the air/water into forms that are usable by plants

•Intake of nitrogen into organisms: plants absorb ammonia through their roots, allowing nitrogen to enter the food chain

•Decomposition: nitrogen in the dead animal or waste returns to the soil

•Denitrification: bacteria break down nitrogen in the soil and release N2 into the atmosphere

•Necessary for life

•Found in the atmosphere, on the surface of Earth, underground, and in living organisms

•The water cycle is also called the hydrologic cycle

•Driven by the Sun’s heat energy, which causes evaporation

•How do organisms help cycle water in ecosystems?

•Intake of water into organisms: organisms use water to perform life functions (photosynthesis, nutrient transport)

•Transpiration: water evaporates off of plant leaves and enters the atmosphere

•Respiration: all organisms produce water as a by-product of food metabolism

•Elimination: most organisms need water to help eliminate waste

• Water Cycle Sheet (page 210)

• Vocabulary (page 203)

• Symbiosis WS (page 204)

• Energy Pyramid (page 206)

• Succession (cut and paste) (page 208)

• PROJECT

• Notebooks DUE!

1.T/F: Matter can be created and destroyed.

2.What are the ways that carbon is cycled in the environment?

3.What are the ways that nitrogen is cycled in the environment?

4.What are the ways that water is cycled in the environment?