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Sheep = $ dollars
Geoff Casburn sheep Officer Wagga
$0.00
$10.00
$20.00
$30.00
$40.00
$50.00
WETH
ERS (18 m
icron
)
WETH
ERS (20 m
icron
)
(18 m
icron
) - M
erino
Ram
s
(20 m
icron
) - M
erino
Ram
s
(20 m
icron
) weth
er la
mbs so
ld as tr
ade
lambs
(20 m
icron
) 25
% to
Ter
minal R
ams
(20 m
icron
) - Te
rmina
l Rams
(20 m
icron
) - M
atern
al Mea
t Ram
s
1st C
ROSS EW
ES - Ter
minal M
eat R
ams
DORPER EW
ES - Dor
per R
ams
DS
E/H
a
2011 exluding feeding
Sheep Gross Margins
$0.00
$10.00
$20.00
$30.00
$40.00
$50.00
WETH
ERS (18 m
icron
)
WETH
ERS (20 m
icron
)
(18 m
icron
) - M
erino
Ram
s
(20 m
icron
) - M
erino
Ram
s
(20 m
icron
) weth
er la
mbs so
ld as tr
ade
lambs
(20 m
icron
) 25
% to
Ter
minal R
ams
(20 m
icron
) - Te
rmina
l Rams
(20 m
icron
) - M
atern
al Mea
t Ram
s
1st C
ROSS EW
ES - Ter
minal M
eat R
ams
DORPER EW
ES - Dor
per R
ams
DS
E/H
a
2011 exluding feeding
2010 including feeding
Gross Margins $/DSE
$0.00
$10.00
$20.00
$30.00
$40.00
$50.00
WETH
ERS (18 m
icron
)
WETH
ERS (20 m
icron
)
(18 m
icron
) - M
erino
Ram
s
(20 m
icron
) - M
erino
Ram
s
(20 m
icron
) weth
er la
mbs so
ld as tr
ade
lambs
(20 m
icron
) 25
% to
Ter
minal R
ams
(20 m
icron
) - Te
rmina
l Rams
(20 m
icron
) - M
atern
al Mea
t Ram
s
1st C
ROSS EW
ES - Ter
minal M
eat R
ams
DORPER EW
ES - Dor
per R
ams
DS
E/H
a
2011 exluding feeding
2011 including feeding
2010 including feeding
Gross Margins $/DSE
2011 Sheep enterprise Gross Margins
Weaning +20% Weaning
%
18µµµµm self replacing (SR) 83 99
20µµµµm SR 86 103
20 µµµµm SR - finished wether lambs 86 103
20 µµµµm SR - finished wether lambs 25% T 87 104
20 µµµµm SR - all joined to terminals 90 108
20 µµµµm SR - breeding 1st X ewes 90 108
1st X ewes: joined to terminals - prime lambs 118 141
Gross Margin per hectare
$0.00
$100.00
$200.00
$300.00
$400.00
$500.00
$600.00
WETH
ERS (18 m
icron
)
WETH
ERS (20 m
icron
)
(18 m
icron
) - M
erino
Ram
s
(20 m
icron
) - M
erino
Ram
s
(20 m
icron
) weth
er la
mbs so
ld as tr
ade
lambs
(20 m
icron
) 25
% to
Ter
minal R
ams
(20 m
icron
) - Te
rmina
l Rams
(20 m
icron
) - M
atern
al Mea
t Ram
s
1st C
ROSS EW
ES - Ter
minal M
eat R
ams
DORPER EW
ES - Dor
per R
ams
$/H
a
2011 Sheep enterprises
2011 wheat 3.2 T @ $215
Gross Margin per hectare
$0.00
$100.00
$200.00
$300.00
$400.00
$500.00
$600.00
WETH
ERS (18 m
icron
)
WETH
ERS (20 m
icron
)
(18 m
icron
) - M
erino
Ram
s
(20 m
icron
) - M
erino
Ram
s
(20 m
icron
) weth
er la
mbs so
ld as tr
ade
lambs
(20 m
icron
) 25
% to
Ter
minal R
ams
(20 m
icron
) - Te
rmina
l Rams
(20 m
icron
) - M
atern
al Mea
t Ram
s
1st C
ROSS EW
ES - Ter
minal M
eat R
ams
DORPER EW
ES - Dor
per R
ams
$/H
a
2011 Sheep enterprises
2011 Wheat 3.7 T @$215
2011 wheat 3.2 T @ $215
Gross Margin per hectare
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
WETH
ERS (18 m
icron
)
WETH
ERS (20 m
icron
)
(18 m
icron
) - M
erino
Ram
s
(20 m
icron
) - M
erino
Ram
s
(20 m
icron
) weth
er la
mbs so
ld as tr
ade
lambs
(20 m
icron
) 25
% to
Ter
minal R
ams
(20 m
icron
) - Te
rmina
l Rams
(20 m
icron
) - M
atern
al Mea
t Ram
s
1st C
ROSS EW
ES - Ter
minal M
eat R
ams
DORPER EW
ES - Dor
per R
ams
$/H
a
2011 Wheat 3.7 T @ $255
2011 Sheep enterprises
2011 Wheat 3.7 T @$215
2011 wheat 3.2 T @ $215
Gross Margin per hectare
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
WETH
ERS (18 m
icron
)
WETH
ERS (20 m
icron
)
(18 m
icron
) - M
erino
Ram
s
(20 m
icron
) - M
erino
Ram
s
(20 m
icron
) weth
er la
mbs so
ld as tr
ade
lambs
(20 m
icron
) 25
% to
Ter
minal R
ams
(20 m
icron
) - Te
rmina
l Rams
(20 m
icron
) - M
atern
al Mea
t Ram
s
1st C
ROSS EW
ES - Ter
minal M
eat R
ams
DORPER EW
ES - Dor
per R
ams
$/H
a
2011 Wheat 3.7 T @ $255 standard weaning2011 Wheat 3.7 T @$2152011 wheat 3.2 T @ $215+20 % weaning
� A proportional increase in stocking rate or weaning rate improves gross margin per hectare (GM/ha) by about
the same amount.
� For Under-stocked farms improving reproductive rate at the same time as increasing stocking rate will result
in fewer ewes being bought.
� Especially important when the cost of ewes is high.
� Increased weaning rate increases stocking rate.
� For example increasing weaning rate in a prime lamb enterprise from 118% to 130% (ewes weighing 70kg)
increases the DSE rating per ewe from 2.67 to 2.77.
� For an enterprise running 1000 ewes this equates to an increase of 100 DSE.
� In many situations there will be no need to reduce ewe numbers.
� The enterprise would produce 1300 lambs compared to 1180, an increase of 120 lambs.
� However, if the stocking rate is optimum, the number of ewes would need to be reduced by 37 to 963 ewes
producing 1252 lambs, an increase of 72 lambs.
Profitability of a meat enterprise is more than just reproduction - what other factors need to be considered
� number of lambs born – natural breeding season and fatscore
� pasture utilisation - both ewes and lambs
� hand feeding – supplementation and production feeding
� kilograms of lamb meat produced per Ha – number of lambs and their sale weight
� sale value - $/kg
� Balancing everything else
Profit = Optimum
Optimum = a compromise that produces the best possible result
Gross Margin ($/ha), $185T grain, production feeding and similar sale weight, annual pastures.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Month of lambing
Gro
ss M
arg
in p
er H
a
6 ewe/ha
5 ewe/ha
4 ewe/ha
• Variation within an enterprise greater than between enterprise
• June the most profitable
• 5 ewes/ha as profitable as 6 ewes for other lambing dates
Feeding trade offs
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Month of lambing
Fee
d C
ost
s $/
ha
Combined
Adult ew e
Lamb s
1 fatscore increase = 12 more lambs
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Fat score
Co
nce
pti
on
rat
e (
lam
bs
scan
ned
/100
ew
es)
Conception rate and breeding season
Conception rate of Merino and Crossbred ewes at different joining times
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
Months
Co
nce
pti
on
rat
e %
Cross Bred
Merino
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Per
cent
ew
es c
yclin
g
Merino
Dorset, DorsetMerinoBorder Leicester XMerinoBorder Leicester
Seasonal oestrus patterns
Autumn Joining – Spring lambing
� Nearly all ewes will naturally cycle in autumn
� Ewes cycle every 17 days
� Approximately 6% of ewes (1/17th) will be mated each day
� One healthy ram can join between 8-10 ewes per day
� One ram per 100 ewes?
� One backup ram is required per mob (1% +1)
GC1
Slide 21
GC1 Geoffrey Casburn, 4/08/2011
Autumn Joining – Spring lambing
� Large, hilly or heavily timbered paddocks require as much as 2% rams
� Maiden ewes have priority for the best joining paddock
� They should be joined at 2% regardless as they only stand for the ram for around 12 hours which is half the time of adults.
� Join for a minimum of 5 weeks (35 days) - this allows two opportunities for a ewe to be successfully mated
Spring joining – Autumn lambing
� Many ewes will not cycle unless triggered by the sudden introduction of
rams.
� Ewes must not have had contact (>1km) with rams for at least one month.
� Introducing rams trigger ewes to start cycling and come on heat between
days 17 to 23
� This equates to between 10 and 30% of ewes cycling per day around this
time with synchronisation continuing for subsequent cycles until ewes
become pregnant
Spring joining – Autumn lambing
� Use between 2 and 3 rams per 100 ewes (depending on breed of ewe)
� If a ewe is not mated during the first standing heat, there is a chance
she may stop cycling until at least late December into January
� Rams need to be with ewes for a minimum of 7 weeks to ensure two full
cycles
Summary� Sheep enterprises profitable and should remain so.
� No real differences between enterprises.
� Reproduction is a big driver of profitability.
� Potentially big differences within an enterprise
� Different joining/lambing dates require different strategies.
Weaning GM/ha GM/ha
% + 10%weaning
+ 20%weaning
18µµµµm self replacing (SR) 83 473 516 558
20µµµµm SR 86 379 417 455
20 µµµµm SR - finished wether lambs 86 387 427 466
20 µµµµm SR - finished wether lambs 25% T 87 408 449 490
20 µµµµm SR - all joined to terminals 90 420 467 513
20 µµµµm SR - breeding 1st X ewes 90 430 478 525
1st X ewes: joined to terminals - prime lambs 118 416 473 529
