Geog 80 Topic 1_B

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GEOG 80 Transport Geography

Professor: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue

Topi ! Transportation and Geography

". #hat is Transport Geography$

%. Transportation and &pae

'. (istorial E)olution of Transportation *

D. (istorial E)olution of Transportation **

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' (istorial E)olution of Transportation *

1. Transportation in the Pre-Industrial Era (pre 1800s) 2. The Industrial Revolution and Transportation (1800-

1870) 3. Eer!en"e o# $odern Transportation %&stes (1870-

1'20)

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!. Transportation in the Pre-*ndustrial Era +pre !800s,

iited transport te"hnolo!& o e"hani*ed #ors o# transportation. +arnessin! anial la,or and ind. Isolation and liited lon! distan"e trade.

Relian"e on aritie and #luvial transportation #or lon! distan"etrade.

+i!h value "oodities (e.!. %il Road).

Transportation and epire ,uildin!

Roan Epire (road netor/ 80/000 iloeters/ 200 ). hinese Epire ("anal s&ste/ 2/00 iloeters).

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The &il Road and the "ra &ea Routes

Guang/hou

i1an

2an/hou

Dunhuang

Turpan

(otan

3ashgar&a4arand

5er)%atra

%uhara

Rey(a4adan

%aghdad

%erenie

"le6andria

Tyre

"ntioh

'onstantinople"thens

Ro4e

5u/a

"den

3an7

5usat

&ur

5ogadishu

5o4asa

%ararion

%aryga/a

5u/iris

'alutta

CHINA

INDIA

PERSIA

ARABIA

EUROPE

EGYPT

JAVA

Indian Ocean

Arabian Sea

SouthChi

naSea

Mediterranean Ocean

Black Sea

Casp

ianSea

Gobi Desert

Taklima

kanDes

ert

Atla

nticO

cean

PacificOcean

RedSea

SOMALIA

00 5iles

5alaa

Ba of Ben!al

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Ro4an Road 9etor;

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Grand 'anal &yste4

The 4rand anal "hieveent o# Iperial

h&drolo!i"al en!ineerin!.

5irst se!ents "opleted

around 602 (%ui &nast&).

t its pea durin! the $in!d&nast& (1368-16 ).

Totaled a,out 2/00 iloeters/

1/700 still in use toda&. 4rain distri,ution throu!h the

epire/ nota,l& its "apitals.

Hangzhou

Suzhou

Yangzhou

Chuzhou

Jizhou

KaifengLuoyang

Beijing

HuaiyinBian Canal

(Song)

Tongji Canal (Sui)

Jizhou Canal

(Yuan)

Yangzhou Canal

(Song and Yuan)

Jiangnan Canal

(Sui, Song and Yuan)

Yongji Canal

(Sui and Yuan)

Tonghui Canal(Yuan)

Yongji Canal

(Sui)

Jiao-Lai Canal

(Yuan)

=00 4

Old course of

the Yellow i!er

(Song)

"ello# Sea

$ast China

Sea

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!. Transportation in the Pre-*ndustrial Era +pre !800s,

European epansion $aster& o# sailin! and artiller&. Eastern trade route9

: is"overed ,& Portu!al.

: ape o# !ood hope rea"hed ,& 181.: 4aa (1'7-'') #irst to rea"h India.: hina rea"hed ,& 113.

;estern trade route9: is"overed ,& olu,us (1'2).

: 5ailed to rea"h sia (eri"a dis"overed).: a,ot tried (1'7)/ ,ut also #ailed.: $a!ellan (11'-22) su""ess#ul to round the orld.

Esta,lishent o# "olonial epires.

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'ara)el; !th'entury

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Early European 5ariti4e E6peditions

Treaty of Tordesillas Line (1494

Ca!ot(149"

Colo#!u

s(149$

%9&

'a#a (149"%99

agellan(1)19%$$

Ca*e +erde&", leagues

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'olonial Trade Pattern; 9orth "tlanti; !8th'entury

0 !;000 ;000005iles

%orth Atlantic Ocean

-orth .#eri/a

.fri/a

0uro*e

South .#eri/a

est 2ndies

Do4inant ind

Trade Route

&la)es;Gold;Pepper

&ugar;5o

lasses;?ru

itsTo.a

o;?urs;*ndigo;

2u4.er!, &ugar; 5olasses; &la)es

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'lipper &hip A?lying 'loudB

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"n Early &tea4ship; AThe Great %ritainB; !8=

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2iner Transatlanti 'rossing Ti4es; !8>8 !C< +in days,

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?). 5rei!ht shippin! "anals

=rid!eater anal/ =ritain/ 1761. Erie anal/ e @or/ 182.

inin! di##erent se!ents o# #luvial s&stes into a"oprehensive atera& s&ste.

5luvial ,ar!es. oered si!ni#i"antl& land transport "osts. Peritted initial industriali*ation.

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Turnpies in Great %ritain; 2ate !8th and Early !Cth

'entury

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5ail 'oah; Great %ritain; !8th'entury

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%ridgeater 'anal; 5anhester; !@@

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Erie 'anal; 9e or; !8

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na,le to "opete ith the speed and #lei,ilit& o# rail.

: Bnl& the ost strate!i" lins ere ept. 5ro a point-to-point to an inte!rated rail s&ste9

: ar!e "opanies.: %tandard !au!e.

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'o4pletion of the Transontinental Railay; !8C

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>. E4ergene of 5odern Transportation &yste4s +!8@0-

!C

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Rail Tra 5ileage and 9u4er of 'lass * Rail 'arriers;

Fnited &tates; !8=0-

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Geographial *4pat of the &ue/ 'anal; !8C

13,,, K

1,,,, K

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Geographial *4pat of the Pana4a 'anal; !C!=

-56TH .062C.

S57TH .062C.

$1,,, K

8ana#a Canal

,,, K

Pacific Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

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>. E4ergene of 5odern Transportation &yste4s +!8@0-

!Cr,an spral and the spe"iali*ation o# e"onoi" #un"tions.

>nder!round etro s&stes in lar!e "ities (ondon/ 1863). =i"&"le (1867)A "heap o,ilit& #or the asses.

$odern tele"ouni"ations Tele!raph (18).

sso"iated ith the !roth o# raila&s and international shippin!. =usiness transa"tions ,e"ae ore e##i"ient. reation o# standard ties *ones (188). Ever& "ontinent as lined ,& tele!raphi" lines (18').

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D (istorial E)olution of Transportation **

1. Transportation in the 5ordist Era (1'20-1'70) 2. e ontet #or Transportation 9 the Post-5ordist Era

(1'70-) 3. 5uture Transportation

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!. Transportation in the ?ordist Era +!C

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"sse4ly 2ine of the ?ord T 5odel; !C!>

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?ord T 'oupelet; !C!

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'o4parison eteen a 'onte4porary and &eond #orld

#ar Taner

194$

19")odern +LCC (&,) #

T$ Tan:er (1)& #

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F2''; Persian Gulf

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#right %rothers ?irst "irplane; !C0>

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Douglas D'->; !C>@

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%oeing @0@; !C0

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Diffusion of Teleo44uniation &er)ies; !C8-

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'ellular 'ontainership; 2a (a)re; ?rane

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%oeing @=@

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&hinansen; Japan

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>. ?uture Transportation

&"li" "hara"ter o# transport innovations Innovations lead to a ave o# developent. Introdu"tion9

: Private entrepreneurs and innovators.

4roth9: 5ast adoption.: B#ten involves a Hparadi! shi#t event.

$aturit&9: $aial spatial "overa!e.

: 4overnent involveent (investent/ re!ulations/ et".) Rationali*ationo,soles"en"e9

: iinishin! returns (%e!ent or s&ste-ide).: i o# re!ulations (prote"t pu,li" interests) and dere!ulations (in"rease

produ"tivit&).

: Bur "urrent #rei!ht transport s&stes are in a phase o# rationali*ation.

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Groth of the F& Transport &yste4; !Cth

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"#$$

"%$$

"%&$

'

$$$

5ariti4e Road Rail "ir

Dos

2os

RailsO4nius

Steam engine

Electric motor%alloons

Dirigiles*ronhulls

Internal combustion engine

5etro

Tra4ay"uto4oile2iners

%iyles

PlanesTrus

%uses

Eletriar

(ydrogenar

Airfoils

&upertaners

TGH

Maglev

Jet engine

Jet Plane

'ontainerships

(eliopters

%ul ships

(ighays

Ju4o Jet

E)olution of the Transport Tehnology; !@0-

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De)elop4ent of Operational &peed for 5aIor Transport 5odes;

!@0-

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>. ?uture Transportation

Proisin! te"hnolo!ies $a!lev9

: $a!neti" levitation (no #ri"tion ith its support and no ovin! parts): Bperational speeds o# 00 per hour.

utoated transport s&stes9: oplete or partial autoation o# the vehi"le/ transshipent and "ontrol.: Iproveent o# eistin! odes (utoated hi!ha& s&stes).

: reation o# ne odes and ne transshipent s&stes (Pu,li" transit

and #rei!ht transportation).

5uel "ells9: Ele"tri" !enerator usin! the "atal&ti" "onversion o# h&dro!en and o&!en.: ppli"a,le onl& to li!ht vehi"les/ nota,l& "ars/ or to sall poer s&stes.

: o environental ipa"t alternative to !enerate ener!&.: 5uel "ell "ars are epe"ted to rea"h ass produ"tion ,& 2010.

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5agle) Train; &hanghai

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Geog 80 Topic 1_B