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Geographic Information Systems. Implementing a GIS. 1. Information is Power. People problems vs. technique problems GIS and GIS data are political tools "Numbers always beat no numbers". http://www.sdgs.usd.edu/bhdma/20050719/Sorensen.pdf. 2. Six Phases to Implement a GIS. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Geographic Information SystemsGeographic Information Systems
Implementing a GIS
1. Information is Power1. Information is Power
People problems vs. technique problems
GIS and GIS data are political tools"Numbers always beat no numbers"
http://www.sdgs.usd.edu/bhdma/20050719/Sorensen.pdf
2. Six Phases to Implement a GIS2. Six Phases to Implement a GIS
Phase 1. Awareness Phase 2. Developing system requirements Phase 3. System evaluation Phase 4. Implementation plan Phase 5. System acquisition and start-up Phase 6. Operation
Phase 1 - AwarenessPhase 1 - Awareness
Top-down- Funding and organization support from the top,
but resistance from staff
Bottom-up- Technical knowledge and support from the bottom
but may take time to convince the top
The role of consultants
Phase 2 - Developing System Phase 2 - Developing System
RequirementsRequirements
User needs analysis- What are the needs and who's needs, procedures
used for the current system and future needs- current operations vs. new ways of doing current
operations vs. new operations
The standardization of data, process optimization, and data/equipment sharing
These are both technical and organizational issues - interoperability at technical, semantic, and institutional levels
Phase 2 - Developing System Phase 2 - Developing System
RequirementsRequirements
An example of system requirement for GIS operations
This chart detects common GIS functions and the applications that can be used to perform the functions
http://lagic.lsu.edu/gisprimer/phased_implementation.asp#6Phases
Phase 3 - System EvaluationPhase 3 - System Evaluation
Stage 1. Identify candidate systems - Essential vs. would-be-nice-to-have - New technology generation ratio - Overhead vs. maintenance
State 2. Benchmarking - Real data, real problem, direct staff involvement
Phase 4 - Implementation PlanPhase 4 - Implementation Plan
Cost/benefit analysis: - cost: time, labor, software, hardware
initial costs, long term costs- benefit: tangible and intangible, GIS data base is a
gold mine
Staff
Phase 4 - Implementation PlanPhase 4 - Implementation Plan
Alternative approaches to implementing a GIS
http://lagic.lsu.edu/gisprimer/phased_implementation.asp#6Phases
Phase 4 - Implementation PlanPhase 4 - Implementation Plan
Organize the components of a GIS
Phase 5 - System Acquisition and Phase 5 - System Acquisition and
Start-UpStart-Up
- Site preparation - Training - Internal communication - External communication
Phase 5 - System Acquisition and Start-Phase 5 - System Acquisition and Start-
UpUp Pilot Project
- Develop a complete data set for small study area and an easily attainable project with high probability of success - Plan and execute as if full-scale application - Have all staff/users participate- Use your resources, available staff and consultants
- Report Results
Phase 6 - OperationPhase 6 - Operation Internal and external communications
ReadingReading
Chapter 11