Geography-Chapter 5 Mineral and power resources. Igneous rocks:
Minerals are found after cooling of magma. E.g. Granite and
basalt.
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Sedimentary rocks Rocks made from sediments are small rock
broken off from rocks they reach sea bed and accumulate in layers.
Sandstone rocks consists of grains of sand. Limestone is formed
from the remains of plants and animals.
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Metamorphic rocks These rocks have changed by heat and pressure
in earths crust.E.g limestone is changed into marble and clay is
turned into slate. Key terms: Ore: A rock that has large
concentration pf a particular mineral is called the ore of that
mineral. Metallic and non metallic.
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. Methods of search and extraction of rocks and minerals. Uses
of rocks and minerals Impact of mining on envoronments.
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Question 1. Is the country you live in mineral rich or mineral
poor? 2. Explain your answer to (a) as fully you can.
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Slide 7
Sedimentary rock in England
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Weakness between the beds of rocks. Horizontal. Pic 1 Weakness
that are vertical. Metallic and Non metallic.
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Impact of mining on environment. 1. Open cast mining and Deep
mining both leads to surface piles of wastes. 2. After the period
of heavy rains, the waste heaps can become unstable and flow down
slopes. 3. New mines in remote areas need roads and railways for
access and transport, building these can lead to clearance of
forests and other natural vegetation, which results in loss of
wildlife habitats
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Valuable revenue if mineral/its products are exported - Creates
jobs for people - beneficial in poor countries/areas of high
unemployment - Wages go into local economy - Increase in local
facilities/infrastructure.
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DIS: - Lots of dust from mining quarries - Noise pollution from
processing/operation/transport of minerals - Air pollution from
gases and dust - poisonous carbon monoxide from blast furnace
extraction of iron etc. - Mining operations disfigure landscape
Health hazards.
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Bingham copper mine in Rocky mountains in U.S.A. worlds largest
opencast pits
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Versus Underground Mining
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Statistic Mining removes 28 % billion tones of soil and rock
per year. This is more than that removed by the natural processes
of weathering and erosion.
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A pollution stream flowing from an old mining area: why it is
this color?
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Draw two spider diagrams like the ones shown below, but larger.
Add as many more advantages and disadvantages of mining as you can.
Provides work Leaves waste heaps on the surface.
advantagesdisadvantages
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Non conventional sources of power Non Conventional Energy
sources are those energy sources which are renewable and
ecologically safe, such as tidal power, wind power, etc. Nuclear
energy Solar energy Wind power Geothermal power Tidal power Biogas
tidal power
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Hydro electric: fast flowing water, such as from a waterfall or
below a lake. Geothermal; heat from the ground in area of volcanic
activity. Solar: heat from the light of the Sun using panels and
photovoltaic cells. wave: force of the sea waves as they break
against the coastline. Wind :using tall turbines driven by the
force of the wind. Biomass; using fuel wood, crop wastes and animal
dung as fuel.
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Question Are alternate sources of energy being used in your own
country? If yes, name them and explain where and why they are being
used. If no, explain why they are not being used. Research and find
out.
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Activity 1.Describe how (a) individuals like yourself (b) your
parents and families (c) industries like steel companies and (d)
authorities responsible for waste collection can help to reduce
energy consumption. 2 How electricity is generated in four Asian
countries (%)
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How electricity is generated in four Asian countries?
Activity-- ThermalHydr- electricity NuclearGeothermal Coal,oil and
gas ------------ --------- Ssudi Arabia100 ------------- -------
Pakistan61.238.00.8------- India81.017.31.7---------
Japan61.19.229.40.3
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Choose two countries. (a) Draw pie graphs to show the
percentages. (b) Suggest reasons for the differences. (c ) How
different will the environmental problems between the two
countries?
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Research investigation into energy resources in your home
country. (a) What are the main energy problems? (b) Name the
alternative sources of energy that are used. ( c) how can the
energy problems be reduced? Comment on the use of nuclear energy
referring to the after effects of Tsunami in Japan few years
ago.
Slide 24
Thermal power station with emission of steam coming out of the
cooling towers. Figure 1
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Nuclear power station-Is there any air pollution from it?
Figure 2
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Activity 1.Nuclear power production by regions in 2002 (%)
North America33.6 Europe37.6 Russia8.2 Japan11.7 Other in Asia7.6
Others areas of the world1.3
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(a) Draw a graph to show these percentages. (b) How does the
data show that most nuclear power stations are located in developed
countries? 2. Look at the power station in figure 1 and 2 Which one
is cleaner and more environmentally friendly / Explain your answers
as fully as possible.
