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GCSEBITESIZE Examinations General

Certificate of Secondary Education

GEOGRAPHY (Data Response)

HIGHER TIER

Specimen Paper

Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

Answer all questions in the spaces provided

Maximum marks: 60

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1. Earth’s major forces

(i) Name the features of the volcano at these places on the diagram. (3 marks)

(ii) Explain how this volcanic cone has been formed. (3 marks)

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(iii) How could humans take advantage of this location once the volcano is dormant or extinct? (2 marks)

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Letter Feature A B C

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(b) Study the map below. It shows the Earth’s plates and how they are moving.

(i) What is happening at A on the map? (1 mark) …………………..………………………………………………………………………. (ii) Name the type of plate boundary. (1 mark)

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(iii) Describe and explain how volcanoes are formed at the boundary between the Nazca and South American plates. (5 marks)

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(c) Study this diagram of shock waves from an earthquake in Turkey.

(i) What word is used in geology to describe the shock waves from an earthquake? (1 mark)

………………………………………….

(ii) In what ways are the graphs different for France and Finland? (2 marks)

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(iii) Outline how the Richter Scale works. (2 marks)

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2. Land use and Environment

a) Study the Ordnance Survey map. It shows part of the town of Andover in the TestValley district of Hampshire.

(i) Name the types of building at each of these grid references. (3 marks)

(ii) Give two pieces of evidence from the map that there are tourist and leisure activities in the town. (2 marks) Evidence one ………………………………………………………………

Evidence two ……………………………………………………………..

Grid reference Building 366469 358476 359465

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(iii) Use evidence from the map to suggest how the rivers and other areas of water could be used for leisure and recreation in Andover. (3 marks)

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b) The photo of a factory was taken in an industrial estate on the north east of Andover. The industrial estate is part of grid square 3847.

(i) What clues can you see on the map to suggest that there is an industrial estate in square 3847? (2 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) Describe two characteristics you would expect to see on this industrial estate. Use evidence from the photo in your answer. (2 marks)

Feature one ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………

Feature two ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………

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c) Study the employment statistics for the Test Valley district of Hampshire. Andover is the largest town in the Test Valley district.

Source: National Statistics website: www.statistics.gov.uk Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO

(i) Complete the table of statistics with the missing Total workers and the % Totals. You can round the figures in the % Total column to the nearest whole number.

(4 marks)

(ii) Use evidence from the map, photo and data table to suggest why some types of manufacturing industry might be attracted to a town such as Andover. (4 marks)

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Type of work Male Female Total %

Total Primary 300 200 500 1 Manufacturing and Construction

7900 2800 10700 22

Tertiary 18000 19600 Total 26200 22600

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3. The challenge of development

a) These figures show differences in two sets of development data between the world’s ‘top’ and ‘bottom’ five countries, as measured by The Human Development Index.

Source: The Human Development Index

(i) What do you notice about the differences in GDP between the two sets of countries? (2 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) Explain why life expectancy at birth is sometimes used as an index of development.

‘Bottom’ 5 countries as measured by the Human Development Index

‘Top’ 5 countries as measured by the Human Development Index

(2 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) The life expectancy at birth is an index of a country’s level of development. Choose one other index of development. Why is it useful as a development indicator? (3 marks)

Name of index …………………………………………………………….

Explanation ………………………………………………………………………………………………

Country Life expectancy

at birth (in years)

GDP per capita (in $US)

Norway 78.4 28433 Australia 78.8 25474 Canada 78.7 26251 Sweden 79.6 22626 Belgium 78.2 25433

Country Life expectancy at birth (in years)

GDP per capita (in $US)

Ethiopia 44.1 628 Burkina Faso 46.1 965 Burundi 40.6 578 Niger 44.8 753 Sierra Leone 38.3 448

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b) Read this extract from a case study of an aid project that the UK government is helping to fund in Bangladesh.

Child mortality human case study

Flushing the toilet is taken for granted in the UK and wealthy countries. But for millions of poor people in the developing world sanitation is far less sophisticated – and that can lead to children dying from disease. In Bangladesh we’re supporting the charity WaterAid in improving water supply and sanitation. Seven out of 10 families in Bangladesh have no access to decent sanitation. Instead they may use platforms hanging over a river or pond, which also provides their water supply. Such unhygienic arrangements mean that 100,000 under fives a year die of diarrhoea and many more become ill. In the past, governments and development agencies have given away latrines to poor communities or sold them at a discount. But old habits die hard and many people did not use the new latrines. So the approach of WaterAid and its local partners in Bangladesh has been to encourage communities to discuss their sanitation and to realise for themselves how degrading some of the current practices are. Homes can then acquire a latrine of a design they have chosen themselves. It has been found that diarrhoea and dysentery have been reduced by a third in the villages that have taken part in the WaterAid programme.

Source: Department for International Development www.dfid.gov.uk Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland.

(i) What causes the sanitation problem for many people in Bangladesh? (1 mark)

(ii) Name the two diseases mentioned in the article that are caused by poor sanitation.

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(2 marks) Disease one: …………………………………………………………

Disease two: …………………………………………………………

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(iii) Why is WaterAid’s approach likely to be successful in Bangladesh? (2 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) The table and diagram gives data about the world trade in coffee.

The Average Price of Coffee bought in international markets Year Price (US cents) 1984 138.32 1985 135.46 1986 204.02 1987 118.39 1988 115.07 1989 126.69 1990 62.75 1991 69.38 1992 61.12 1993 58.14 1994 69.17 1995 152.08 1996 100.33 1997 100.03 1998 130.61 1999 97.63 2000 82.15 2001 49.19 2002 43.46 2003 54.04

(i) What do the figures tell you about how the price for coffee has changed since 1984? (2 marks)

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(ii) Suggest reasons for the changes in the price paid for coffee or other primary products. (3 marks)

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(iii) Using examples, explain why it is hard for countries that export some types of primary products to become more wealthy. (3 marks)

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