Geography ToolKit

At the back of your folder or binder, label the last tab as your

GEOGRAPHY TOOLKIT Add these hints and graphics in your

toolkit.

Unit 1 – Geographer’s Toolkit

Spatial Education > The geographic perspective… The Rules….

1. There are reasons why things are where they are.

2. There are advantages for things being in appropriate places.

3. There are consequences for things being in the wrong places.

5. Answer

4. Analyze 3. Arrange

2. Acquire

1. Ask

The5 A’s

Ask Where is it? Why is it There? (Who, What,

Where, Why, How?)

Find the Information

Use Maps, Graphs, Charts

to show info.

See patterns and connections using

maps graphs, charts

Draw Conclusions. Ask new

Questions

Famous Geographers – Create a pneumonic device or graphic to help you remember these guys and their contributions to geography

Homer – Why is he famous?? Hipparchus ?? Plato ?? Aristotle ?? Eratosthenes ?? Ptolemy ??

MAP SKILLS HELPERS

Map projections- Create a pneumonic device or graphic to help you remember

• Motorboat = Mercator– Projection used for

navigation/ships

• Airplane = Azimuthal– Projection used by

pilots

• Round = Robinson– Projection used in

education

Remembering Latitude vs Longitude

• Draw a picture in your toolkit (unit 8) to help you remember latitude.

• Lat = flat• Flat = first (equator)

• What graphic can you create to remember

longitude? (PM)

latitude

latitude

latitude

Latitude

Legend Symbols

Mtn peak Mtns Peninsula П Plateau ‌—‌ Plains V‌‌‌‌Valley ‌‌‌‌‌‌‌Basin ‌‌‌‌‌‌‌Canyon ░‌‌‌‌Desert‌(yellow)

~‌‌‌‌River

~ Dam ‌‌‌‌‌‌Lake -s- Strait -c- Canal

——‌Country border National capital State capital ·‌‌City -P- Pipeline -RR- Railroad ------------------------------ Coloring maps Brown – mountain ranges Green – plains, plateaus,

peninsulas Yellow (with red dots) – deserts Red – mountain peaks Blue – water bodies

Physical features

policitcal features

TODALSIGS/MAP ELEMENTS TODALS1G1G2S2S3: An abbreviation for the elements required on

maps. Most maps we create will require TODALS2S3 only Title The subject of the map Orientation Compass. Be sure to include North, South, East, and

West. Date When the map is made Author Who made the map – you! Legend What the symbols and colors mean that are used on

the map Scale (S1) Distance used on the unit of measurement

Index Alphabetical listing of places on the map using lat/long, ABC/123

Grid (G1) Helps locate places on the map that are listed in the Index. Marked with Latitude and Longitude.

Glossary (G2) Definitions of the features on the map

Source (S2) Bibliographic information, annotation may be required Surrounding Shows the bordering areas of the map subject.

area (S3)

S2/Source info for textbook:Last name of author, first name of author, et.al. Name of book. City and state where published. Publisher. Year. Pages ____

Textbook as source

Arreola, Daniel, et al. World Geography. Evanston, Illinois. McDougall Littell, 2003

5 Themes of Geography

• M• r.‌• HEI• L• P

• MOVEMENT‌of‌people,‌goods,‌ideas

• REGION:‌formal,‌functional,‌perceptual/vernacular

• HUMAN/ENVIRONMENT‌

INTERACTION:‌adaptations,‌dependency,‌changes

• LOCATION:‌map‌skills• PLACE:‌unique‌

characteristics

Pp 5-9

Cardinal Directions on a map

• N• E• S• W

+• OUT/IN and

UP/DOWN

(different from North/South)

• What sentence can you create to remember directions?

N everE atS oggy W affles….

Geographic characteristics - ESPN

Political: The governing/laws of society

Economic: the money making of society

s

Nature and society: interaction between environments and people

Social/Cultural: the culture/beliefs of people in societies

Geography concept categories – E S P N – draw this chart in your toolkit

ECONOMIC SOCIAL/

Cultural

POLITICAL Natural Environment/ Nature and society

OBSERVE the photo.

SPECULATE about what you see.

ANALYZE the information.

EVALUATE the information.This questioning framework is good for analyzing photos such as those in a

textbook, on PowerPoint, Internet, etc

O.S.A.E….can you see?

CY FALLS

WRITING RULES

• Each paragraph is a minimum of 5 sentences.

• A paragraph must have a thesis statement/topic sentence.

• A paragraph must be written in third person.

• A paragraph must be supported with factual data.

• A paragraph must use appropriate Social Studies vocabulary.

Unit 2 – Physical Geography

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY HELPERS

• L

• A

• N

• DCLIMATE FACTORS = L.A.N.D.

L ATITUDEA LTITUDE/ELEVATION/TOPOGRAPHYN EARNESS/PROXIMITY TO WATERD IRECTION OF WINDS/CURRENTS

SETTLEMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT

• P• S• O• S

• Goldilocks and Climate = ‘Just Right!’

• P eople• S ettle• O n• S hores

Elevation = Out

• The higher the Elevation the colder the temperature. – Also known as Altitude– Altitude = Away

Rivers…. Are LaZy

• Rivers flow DOWNHILL, even when they flow north because GRAVITY rules!

• Example: the Nile.

Geography Jill or George and climate zones

Geography Jill or George and climate zones

Geography George and climate zones

The Spit wad or Orographic Effect

• Page 50

• Rainshadow

H E I examples• HUMAN ADAPTATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT

– MAKE BUILDINGS ‘SHAKE DON’T BREAK’ IN AN EARTHQUAKE

– OH DARN, THERE’S A FLOOD – BUILD A DAM!

Great Lakes

• S• M• H• E• O

• Super• Man• Helps• Every• one

Physical v. Human Geography

HEI – where people and the environment meet!

Unit 3 – Population, migration & settlement

Population equation

PEOPLE

+ TECHNOLOGY

= ACCESS TO RESOURCES

PIGS and CITIES

P ort cities I ndustrial cities G overnment cities S pecialization of services

(finance, tourism, religion, education….)

Unit 4 – Cultural Geography

The elements of culture..Here is an easy way to remember!

ABC’S OF CULTUREA GB HC ID JE KF L

ABC’sof culture

Element

Appearance

Beliefs

Communication

Dates (important one for you)

Entertainment

Foods

Government/

Rules at home

Housing type

Information/ed.

Jobs @ home/work

Kind of environment

Leftovers

Unit 5 – Economic Geography

Command vs Free Enterprise

L = left (liberal)C = Command

Command is also Communism

R = Right (conservative)FE = Free Enterprise

FE is also known as Free Market

ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ECONOMIC SYSTEMS MARKET/FREE ENTERPRISE =

‘FREE CHOICE’, MAKE & SELL WHAT YOU WANT TO

SOCIALISM/MIXED = MAJOR INDUSTRIES (Airlines, Power company, TV/Radio,

Insurance, etc…) OWNED BY GOVERNMENT

COMMAND/COMMUNISM = GOVERNMENT ‘COMMANDS’ YOU TO WORK, PRODUCE, ETC..

---------------------------------------------------------- TRADITIONAL =

LOCAL SMALL SCALE ECONOMY

Subsistence vs Commercial farming

Subsistence = self (make enough for your own family) Found in poorer countries

Commercial = cash (make enough to sell for a profit) Found in richer countries and on plantations in poorer countries

HDI characteristics –LIT/LIFE/ED/MONEY?? LELM??, MELL??,

4 characteristics ECONOMIC –

GDP/Per Capita SOCIAL (2) –

Literacy Rate Education level required

POPULATION – Life Expectancy

Peds, Gings, Pings

RICH/DeveloPED

EmerGING

Poor/DeveloPING

H I E – Say ‘HIE’

HEALTH

INFRASTRUCTURE

EDUCATION

Your Geography Matters…

SOL/ standard of living

HDI / Human Development Index

Social – (2) > LE, Economic > GDP Education > LR

Geography Rules > When Babies live

(HDI), Babies grow, read, get skills. When Grownups get skills they make money and then grownups live longer.

What makes the world go ‘round?

It’s the MONEY, Honey…..

1. Primary (resources to use and where each is from)

2. Secondary

(creating a product in a factory, etc…)

3. Tertiary

(Services/selling of a product)

4. Quaternary

(Research & management, making a better product)

Unit 6 – Political Geography

extras

Legend Symbols Mtn peak• Mtns Peninsula• П Plateau• ‌—‌ Plains• V‌‌‌‌Valley• ‌‌‌‌‌‌‌Basin• ‌‌‌‌‌‌‌Canyon• ░‌‌‌‌Desert

• ~‌‌‌‌River

• ~ Dam• ‌‌‌‌‌‌Lake• -s- Strait• -c- Canal

• ——‌Country border National capital State capital• ·‌‌City• -P- Pipeline• -RR- Railroad

MAP labeling and shading

Ink Colors – Maps can be labeled with ink colors as follows…. GREEN Physical features (mountains, plains, plateaus) BLUE Features associated with water (lakes, canals, rivers, seas…) BLACK Political features (Countries, states) RED Urban areas (cities, capitals, primate cities)

Coloring a Map – Specific shading will be required for each map

Physical features: As a general rule, use the following colors to shade physical features BROWN Areas of higher elevation such as mountains ranges, escarpments GREEN Areas of lower elevation such as plains, plateaus, valleys, peninsulas, forests YELLOW Areas of low precipitation (Desert). Follow with red dots to emphasize these areas RED Areas of highest elevation such as mountain peaks + dots in deserts BLUE Areas of water such as rivers, seas, oceans, straits…

Political Shading: Alternate shading of the countries so that no country of one color borders another of that color. DO NOT SHADE COUNTRIES BLUE.

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

Remembering Latitude vs Longitude

• How can you use the pictures to help you remember latitude?

• Lat = ??

• What graphic can you create to remember longitude?

latitude

latitude

latitude

latitude

Add the 5 themes to your tool kit in the back of your notebook

• 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY

• M __________• r. ___________• H ___E___ I______• L ___________• P ____________

• MOVEMENT of people, goods, ideas

• REGION: formal, functional, perceptual/vernacular

• HUMAN/• ENVIRONMENT

INTERACTION: adaptations, dependency, changes

• LOCATION: map skills

• PLACE: unique characteristics

Legend Symbols – copy in the back of your notebook

Mtn peak Mtns Peninsula П Plateau ‌—‌ Plains V‌‌‌‌Valley ‌‌‌‌‌‌‌Canyon ░‌‌‌‌Desert‌(red‌dots/yellow‌

shading)

~‌‌‌‌River

~ Dam ‌‌‌‌‌‌Lake -s- Strait -c- Canal

——‌Country border National capital State capital

·‌‌City -P- Pipeline -RR- Railroad

Physical

Human

Coloring Physical Features

Brown – mountain ranges Green – plains, plateaus, peninsulas Yellow (with red dots) – deserts Red – mountain peaks Blue – water bodies

Yellow