GEOLOGICAL MAPPING, STRUCTURAL EVALUATION AND

STRATIGRAPHIC UNDERSTANDING OF WESTERN SALT

RANGE, HAZARA-MARGALLA RANGE AND TECTONIC

IMPLICATIONS OF MANSEHRA TO BESHAM AREA AND A

VISIT TO TARBELA DAM.

FIELD INCHARGEFIELD INCHARGEFIELD INCHARGEFIELD INCHARGE

SIR ABDUL SIR ABDUL SIR ABDUL SIR ABDUL HANNANHANNANHANNANHANNAN

Author: Author: Author: Author: WAQAS ARIFWAQAS ARIFWAQAS ARIFWAQAS ARIF ((((BGLFO9E021)

BS GEOBS GEOBS GEOBS GEO

DEPARTMEDEPARTMEDEPARTMEDEPARTME

UNIVERUNIVERUNIVERUNIVER

OLOGY 6OLOGY 6OLOGY 6OLOGY 6thththth SEMESTSEMESTSEMESTSEMEST

(Self Support)(Self Support)(Self Support)(Self Support)

ENT OF EARHT SCENT OF EARHT SCENT OF EARHT SCENT OF EARHT SC

RSITY OF SARGODRSITY OF SARGODRSITY OF SARGODRSITY OF SARGOD

TER TER TER TER

CIENCESCIENCESCIENCESCIENCES

DHADHADHADHA

DEDICATIONDEDICATIONDEDICATIONDEDICATION

This piece of work is dedicated to the Holy Prophet

HAZRAT MUHAMMAD (S.A.W.W)

The real source of encouragement for me and the

light of knowledge spread by Him beneficial

for whole the creation. And my parents

and my sisters and brother who are

real sources of inspiration for

me whose sacrifices made everything possible

for me still.

ACKNOWLEDGMEACKNOWLEDGMEACKNOWLEDGMEACKNOWLEDGMENTSNTSNTSNTS

I would like to thanks our Head of Department Dr.

Muhammad Khalid to his endless support for our field

trip and helps in arranging our field. To Sir Abdul

Hannan who gave us a great deal of ideas on field

and his precious time and knowledge that make me

able to write this report.

I wish to extend my grateful to my lovely classmates,

who always have been in my side giving their

comments and constructive criticism.

Last, but by no means least, i am most grateful to my

sister for giving me useful ideas about how to write an

academic report; i believe without her, this report

would never have been done.

CONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTS � CHAPTER # 1

INTRODUCTION

o 7 DAY GEOLOGICAL FIELD WORK IN NAMMAL GORGE, RUMLI AREA,

HAZARAAREA AND NORTHERN METAMORPHIC ZONE

� AREA INTRODUCTION

o Nammal Gorge

o Rumli Area

o Salghra Section (Murree),Darya Gali & Kundla

o Hazara Area

o Tarbela Dam

� Physiography & Geomorphology

� CHAPTER # 2

STRATIGRAPHY

o General stratigraphy of Salt range and Hazara

� Day 1 7thJuly 2012

o NAMMAL GORGE

� Stratigraphy Observed in Nammal gorge:

� 2nd Day 8th July 2012

o RUMlLI (ISLAMABAD)

� Observed rock units in Rumli:

� Day 3 9th July 2012

o SALGHRA, DARYA GALI & KUNDLA SECTION

� Day 4th & 5th (10 & 11th July 2012)

o HAZARA AREA

o DHAMTOR TO CHANGLA GALI ROAD SECTION:

� Day 6th (12th July 2012)

o NOTHERN METAMORPHIC ZONE

� CHAPTER # 3

FOSSILS &SEDIMENTARY SRUCTURES

o Fossils

o Sedimentary Structure

� CHAPTER # 4

STRUCTURE OF THE FIELD AREAS

o Tectonic Framework of Pakistan

� MKT (MAIN KARAKORUM THRUST)

� MMT (MAIN MANTLE THRUST)

� MCT (MAIN CENTRAL THRUST)

� MBT (MAIN BOUNDARY THRUST)

� SRT (SALT RANGE THRUST)

� CHAPTER # 5

GEOLOGIAL MAPPING

o Geological map of Rumli(Islamabad)

o Geological map of Dhamtour to NathiaGali thrust

� CHAPTER # 6

ECONIMICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE AREA

o Introduction

o Halite

o Gypsum

o Rock Phosphate

o Limestone

o Potash

o Iron Ores

o Clay

o Fire Clay

o Coal

o Feldspar

� CHAPTER # 7

A VISIT OF TARBELA DAM

o INTRODUCTION

o GEOLOGY

� Right Bank Geology

� Left Bank Geology

� REFERENCES

LIST OF FIGURESLIST OF FIGURESLIST OF FIGURESLIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.0: Dor river along the Abbottabad to NathiaGali Road.

Figure 1.1 : Indus River at Besham along the Karakorum highway. Figure 2.0 Contact of Chiddru Formation with Wargal limestone in Nammal gorge Figure 2.1: Permo-triassic boundary in Nammal gorge b/w Chhidru & Mianwali Formation

Figure 2.2: Contact of Tredian Formation& Kingriali Formation in Nammal gorge

Figure 2.3: Contact of Datta, Samana Suk & Lockhart limestone in Nammal gorge

Figure 2.4: Contact of Lockhart Patala & Hangu Formation in Road section Near Nammal

gorge

Figure 2.4a: Murree Formation in Rumli

Figure 2.5: Contact of Kuldana Formation and Chorgali Formation in Rumli

Figure 2.6: Contact of Margala Hill Limestone and Chorgali Formation in Rumli

Figure 2.7: Outcrop of Lumshiwal Formation in Rumli

Figure 2.8: Patala Formation in Rumli

Figure 2.9: Chichali Formation in Rumli

Figure 2.10: Outcrop of Kuldana Formation in Rumli

Figure 2.11: Outcrop of Chorgali Formation in Rumli

Figure 2.12: Contact Murree & Kuldana Formation at Salghra section

Figure 2.13: Kuldana Formation at Darya gali

Figure 2.14: Lumshiwal Formation at Kundla section

Figure 2.15: Samana Suk Formation thrusted over Kawagarh Formation at Kundla

Figure 2.16: Outcrop of Samana Suk Formation at Thai Barrier

Figure 2.17: Samana Suk Formation thrusted over Kawagarh Formation at NathiaGali road

Figure 2.18: Contact of Hangu Formation with Kawagarh Formation at NathiaGali Road

Figure 2.19: Lumshiwal Formation expose in a nala along NathiaGali Road

Figure 2.20: Lumshiwal Formation (Sand Quartzite) Road section along Dor River

Figure 2.21: Chichali Formation outcrop on NathiaGali Road

Figure 2.22: Hazara Slate Outcrop near NathiaGali

Figure 2.23: Chorgali Formation Outcrop near NathiaGali

Figure 2.24: Margala Hill Limestone Outcrop near NathiaGali

Figure 2.25: Kawagarh Formation Outcrop at Kala Pani.

Figure 2.5.1: Contact of Hangu Lockhart and Patala Formation at NathiaGali Road

Figure 2.26: Mansehra Granite at Buttle

Figure 2.27: Feldspar rich Mansehra granite at AHAL

Figure 2.28: Foliated granite genesis outcrop at Battagram

Figure 2.29 : Outcrop of Granite gneiss representing the last part of Indian plate nearBesham

Figure 2.30: Serpentinized Granite gneiss representing the MMT at Besham