GEOLOGY 11 THU 2ND LONG EXAM

FEBRUARY 10, 2011

Read and follow the instructions CAREFULLY. BIG

deductions will be given to those not following the

directions. Write all answers in your bluebook.

Misspelled answers WILL NOT be considered.

This is it! Enjoy the exam! God bless!

I. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the BEST

answer (15 pts).

1. The breaking down and changing of rocks at

our near Earth’s surface is called

a) mass wasting c) sheet erosion

b) weathering d) uplift

2. The following are factors that affect soil

formation EXCEPT:

a) parent material c) gravity

b) climate d) time

3. Lakes have _________ resulting to deposition of ________. a) Low energy; coarse sediments b) Low energy; fine sediments c) High energy; coarse sediments d) High energy; fine sediments

4. When a block of material moves downward

along a CURVED surface, the process is called

a) a rockslide c) a rock fall

b) a mudflow d) a slump

5. In which type of climate does chemical

weathering occur most rapidly?

a) cold & dry c) cold & wet

b) warm & dry d) warm & wet

6. The ________ marks the point at which ice can

be created and can remain all year round

a) snow line c) elevation

b) tie line d) ice cap

7. When do streams and rivers deposit sediment?

a) When their velocity decreases

b) When their velocity increases

c) When they are in the midst of flooding

d) When they plunge over waterfalls

8. Which of the following mass wasting phenomenon could a person outrun? a) rockslide c) mud flow

b) creep d) debris avalanche

9. The correct sequence of rocks that are formed when shale undergoes prograde metamorphism (increasing grade) is a) Slate, gneiss, schist, phyllite b) Schist, phyllite, slate, gneiss c) Phyllite, slate, schist, gneiss d) Slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss 10. The angle of repose of the materials in an

area is determined to be 35o. When the angle is

increased, the materials will _____________.

a) move downwards c) stay in place

b) be lithified d) explode

11. A type of sand dune that is somewhat similar

in shape to a barchan dune, except that it is

deeply curved and is convex in the downwind

direction.

a) parabolic dune c) star-shaped dune

b) transverse dune d) longitudinal dune

12. Which of the following refers to a confining

unit that neither stores nor transmits

a) aquifer c) aquitard

b) aquifuge d) aquiclude

13. Which metamorphic rock does not belong to

the group?

a) quartzite c) phyllite

b) marble d) anthracite coal

14. Why is sediment transport by wind effective

in desert environments?

a) less vegetation c) both a and b

b) dry sediments d) none of the above

15. A type of sandstone composed mostly of

feldspars

a) lithic sandstone c) quartz sandstone

b) arkosic sandstone d) shale

II. True or False. Draw a (smiley face)

when the statement is true. If false, draw a

(sad face) and change the underlined

word to make it correct (10pts).

1) In meandering rivers, erosion occurs at the

outer bends while deposition at the inner bends.

2) According to the Udden-Wentworth scale, a

sediment having 4-64mm grain size is referred to

as cobble.

3) All mass wasting processes are rapid.

4) Limestones form below the CCD (carbonate

compensation depth).

5) One can find coal and petroleum resources

from areas that were once marshes.

6) The higher the grade of metamorphism, the

larger the crystals become.

7) Competence refers to the MAXIMUM LOAD of

sediment an agent such as streams can transport.

8) It is possible for a metamorphic rock to be

metamorphosed again.

9) The larger the grain size of the sediment, the

higher the energy required to transport or move

it.

10) Bioturbation can be extensive in tidal flats.

III. Matching Type. Match column A with column

B. Write the LETTER and the COMPLETE WORD

OR STATEMENT.

Column A

1) Stishovite and Coesite

2) preserved remains or traces of animals, plants

and other organisms from the remote past

3) Gravel-sized with rounded clasts

4) Low temp, low pressure metamorphic facies

5) referring to lakes

6) chemically active fluids

7) A well in which the water level is above the

land surface

8) Circle of coral reef and coral islands; surrounds

a central lagoon

9) Includes all physical, chemical, and biological

processes that take place after sediments are

deposited.

10) A sand bar that connects an island with the

mainland.

11) from SILICEOUS oozes

12) from CALCAREOUS oozes

13) No preferred mineral orientation

14) from PLANT remains

15) Unequal pressure in different directions;

stress greater in one direction

Column B

A) Lacustrine

B) High pressure Quartz

C) Hydrothermal fluid

D) Artesian well

E) Tombolo

F) Barrier Reef

G) Fossils

H) Diagenesis

I) Granulite

J) Zeolite

K) Differential stress

L) Non-foliated

M) Conglomerate

N) Chert

O) Atoll

P) Limestone

Q) Coal

IV. Identification. Identify which sedimentary environment the following features belong to. Choose from the box below. Answers may be repeated (15 pts).

1) Dune 9) Cirque

2) Turbidite 10) Fringing

3) Varves 11) Spits

4) Meandering 12) Distributaries

5) Oxbow lakes 13) Erratic

6) Ventifact 14) Alluvial fan

7) Point bar deposits 15) Herringbone

8) Loess

V. Drawing. Make your drawings clear and big

(at least half page of your bluebook). (15pts)

1. Draw a profile of a mature soil. Label the

different zones or horizons. (5 pts)

2. Illustrate what happens to a sediment as it is

being transported farther, in terms of grain size,

sorting and roundness. (5 pts)

3. Draw a profile of a groundwater that is

overpumped/overextracted. Label the water

table, zone of aeration, zone of saturation, cone

of depression. Include a well. (5 pts)

VI. Essay. Answer BRIEFLY and COMPLETELY.

(25 pts). Write LEGIBLY.

1. How are metamorphic rocks formed?

Discuss the different agents and types of

metamorphism. (5 pts)

2. Explain 1 process of CHEMICAL

weathering. Explain 1 process of

MECHANICAL weathering. Cite specific

examples. (2.5 pts)

3. How are aquifers recharged? Explain

through the water cycle. Also, cite

specific threats to our aquifers or

groundwater. (5pts)

4. Discuss a real life Mass wasting event.

What could have been done to prevent

it? What can we do to prevent future

disastrous mass wasting from happening?

(5 pts)

5. Discuss POROSITY and PERMEABILITY.

Relate it to sorting and grain size. (2.5pts)

6. Discuss one means by which deserts

develop. (2.5 pts)

7. In general, how are sedimentary and

metamorphic rocks important to you and

me? Give specific examples. (2.5 pts)

O? Pagod ka na ba? Huling hirit na!

"Are you tired? Worn out? Burned out on

religion? Come to me. Get away with me and

you'll recover your life. I'll show you how to take a

real rest” – Matthew 11: 28

VII. PICTUREsque. (5 pts).

Pictures of sedimentary structures, env’ts and

deposits will be flashed on the screen. Identify it

by UNSCRAMBLING the letters. Write the whole

word in your bluebooks. (1 minute per picture).

5 items, 2 bonus.

BONUS (6pts). Grab this chance!

1) Draw a meandering river. Label the areas

where erosion and deposition occurs.

(2pts)

2) Why is there enhanced flooding in the

CAMANAVA area?(2pts)

3) Draw a cirque, arête and horn. [Glacial

environment] (2pts)

Aeolian Glacial

Alluvial Beach

Delta Tidal flat

Lacustrine Shallow marine

Fluvial Deep marine