George Noel Gordon Lord Byron

8/19/2019 George Noel Gordon Lord Byron

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GEORGE NOELGORDON,LORD BYRON

(1788-1824)


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He was among the mostfamos of the Eng!"sh#Romant"$# %oets& h"s

$ontem%o'a'"es "n$!ee'$* +he!!e* an ohn eats.He was a!so a sat"'"st whose

%oet'* an %e'sona!"t*$a%t'e the "mag"nat"on ofE'o%e.

http://englishhistory.net/keats.htmlhttp://englishhistory.net/keats.html


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1788

an. 22Geo'ge Go'on B*'on 0o'n

at

1 Ho!!es +t'eet, a3en"sh+a'e,Lonon& son of a%ta"n 56a a$5

B*'on an the wea!th*athe'"ne

Go'on.


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178 B*'on an h"s mothe' mo3eto 90e'een, +$ot!an.

9s a $h"! he was nown

s"m%!* as Geo'ge Noe!Go'on. Bo'n w"th a$!0foot, he was taen 0* h"smothe', athe'"ne Go'on, to90e'een, +$ot!an, whe'ethe* !"3e "n !og"ngs on ameage' "n$ome 0e$ase 6a

a$ ha sane'e most of


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171

56a a$# B*'on "es"n

;'an$e. He was age

on!*


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1794-8 Byron attends AberdeenGrammar School


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B*'on:s mothe':s moos towa'sh"m 3a'"e f'om 3"o!ent 'ages to!o3"ng a=e$t"on. #He' tem%e' "s so3a'"a0!e, an when "n>ame, sof'"os,# Lo' B*'on !ate' w'ote,

#that ? 'ea o' meet"ng.5 @hen she'age at h"m, wh"$h was often, shewo! shotA #9h, *o !"tt!e og, *oa'e a B*'on a!! o3e'& *o a'e as 0a

as *o' fathe'#


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Once she called him 'a lame brat!' but

a moment later was smotherin himwith isses" On his side# Geore had

the same $uic tem%er and an

irresistible ure to %ro&oe conlict"


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?t was 'mo'e that h"s n'se,6a* G'a*, mae %h*s"$a!a3an$es to h"m when he wason!* n"ne. Ch"s e%e'"en$e anh"s "ea!"e !o3e fo' h"s "stant

$os"ns 6a'* D= an 6a'ga'eta'e' sha%e h"s %a'ao"$a!att"tes towa' women.


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17

8

9t the eath of h"s g'eat-

n$!e, theFfth Ba'on B*'on, B*'on0e$omes

s"th Ba'on B*'on an"nhe'"ts the

hea3"!* mo'tgagean$est'a! estate,

Newstea 900e* "nNott"nghamsh"'e, to

wh"$h he

mo3es w"th h"s mothe'.


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Geo'ge "nhe'"te the t"t!ean estates of h"s g'eat-n$!e, the w"$e Lo'B*'on. Che 0o* fe!! "n !o3e

w"th the ghost!* ha!!s ans%a$"os g'ons ofNewstea 900e*, wh"$h ha0een %'esente to the B*'onfam"!* 0* the "nfamos "ngHen'* ???, an he an h"smothe' !"3e "n "ts '"ns fo'

a wh"!e.


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17

B*'on ente'sD'.G!enn"e#s

+$hoo!, D!w"$han

en'es %a"nf! 0tft"!e

t'eatments of h"s

$!0foot.


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18I1 • B*'on ente's Ha''ow whe'ehe w"!! 'ema"n nt"! 18IJ.

• ?n Ha''ow he e$e!!e at0o"ng an $'"$et, 0t not "nthe $!ass'oom. He hate the#'"!!# !! !esson# an soon

$ame "nto $on>"$t w"th thes$hoo! atho'"t"es - w"th onee$e%t"on, D'. D''*, the

Hea 6aste', who sawsometh"ng mo'e 0e*on the"n"s$"%!"ne "n th"s #monta"n$o!t# an t'eate h"m w"th

some s*m%ath*.


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H"s f'"ensh"%s w"th*onge' 0o*s foste'e a'omant"$ atta$hment to thes$hoo!. ?t "s %oss"0!e thatthese f'"ensh"%s ga3e the

F'st "m%ets to h"s sea!am0"3a!en$e, wh"$h0e$ame mo'e %'onon$e

at am0'"ge an !ate' "nG'ee$e.


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18IJ B*'on ente's C'"n"t* o!!ege,

am0'"ge an 0ef'"ens ohn Ho0hose.

9fte' a te'm at C'"n"t* o!!ege,B*'on "n!ge "n "ss"%at"on an

ne gene'os"t* "n Lonon that%t h"m ee%!* "nto e0t. @henhe 'et'ne to C'"n"t* he fo'mea $!ose f'"ensh"% w"th ohn amHo0hose, who st"''e h"s"nte'est "n !"0e'a! @h"gg"sm.


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18I B*'on#s Fugitive Pieces%'"3ate!*

%'"nte an "mme"ate!*s%%'esse when Re3 ohn

Be$he' o0Ke$ts to someof the%oems.


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18I7 B*'on#s Poems on VariousOccasions %'"3ate!* %'"nte anHours of Idleness %0!"she. Hea!so w'"tes a 'e3"ew of

@o'swo'th#s Poems. Hours ofIdleness was moe'ate!*'e$e"3e e$e%t fo' TheEdinburgh Review wh"$h

$onse!e #that he o fo'thw"tha0anon %oet'*, an t'n h"sta!ents . . . to 0ette' a$$ont.#Che e=e$t of th"s $'"t"$"sm on

B*'on was to %t h"m "nto a 'age,


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H"s !atte' a*s at am0'"ge we'ema"n!* s%ent awa* f'om "t. He e%t

ta0!e, so he sa", w"th Ko$e*s,gam0!e's, 0oe's, %a'sons an%oets. He a!so e%t a tame 0ea' "nh"s att"$. He swam the Chamesf'om Lam0eth to B!a$f'"a's fo' a0et, an mae f'"ens w"thGent!eman ohn a$son, o' #Dea'

a$# as he $a!!e h"m, the 'et"'e$ham%"on %'"e-Fghte' of Eng!an.9fte' !ea'n"ng to s%a' at a$son#s'ooms "n Bon +t'eet, B*'on

es$'"0e h"mse!f as #not a 0a


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18I

• On 'ea$h"ng h"s maKo'"t* "n ana'*, he too h"s seat "n the

Hose of Lo's.

• B*'on %0!"shes n"ne %oems "nImitations and Translations fromthe !ncient and "odern #lassics 0* ohn Ho0hose. ?n 6a'$hEnglish Bards and ScotchReviewers "s %0!"sheanon*mos!*.


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@"th Ho0hose e%a'ts fo'the G'an Co'A sa"!s toL"s0on, t'a3e!s "n +%a"n,o'tga!, G"0'a!ta', 6a!ta,

G'ee$e, 9!0an"a (3"s"ts the9!" asha), 6"sso!ngh" an9thens. He a!so sta'tsw'"t"ng anto ? of #hildeHarold$s Pilgrimage.


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?n 6a'$h 181I he sa"!e w"thHo0hose fo' onstant"no%!e 0* wa*

of +m*'na, an, wh"!e 0e$a!me atthe moth of the He!!es%ont, B*'on3"s"te the s"te of C'o* an swam the$hanne! "n "m"tat"on of Leane'.

B*'on:s soKo'n "n G'ee$e mae a!ast"ng "m%'ess"on on h"s m"n an$ha'a$te' - he e!"ghte "n thesnsh"ne an mo'a! to!e'an$e of the

%eo%!e. 9fte' !ea3"ng, he often s%oe!ong"ng!* of h"s 3"s"t - an h"s es"'eto 'et'n.


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1811

• B*'on sa"!s to Eng!an,a''"3"ng 0* smme'.B*'on a''"3e "n Lononon 14 !* 1811, an h"smothe' "e on 9gst 1

0efo'e he $o! 'ea$h he'at Newstea.


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1812

•

B*'on#s ma"en s%ee$h "n theHose of Lo's aga"nst theeath %ena!t* fo' L"t"es.+e$on s%ee$h "n Hose of

Lo's on Roman atho!"$s$"3"! '"ghts. #hilde Harold Pilgrimage ? an ?? %0!"she0* 6''a* "n 6a'$h.


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9=a"'s w"th a'o!"ne Lam0 anLa* Ofo'. 9s to B*'on#s!o3e-!"fe, he was no0te!*a fa3o'"te w"th the !a"es,!o3e 0e"ng a $onstant

ne$ess"t* of h"s !"fe. He"n3ente the $!ass"$ %h'ase,#"t#s "m%oss"0!e to !"3e w"thwomen, o' to !"3e w"thot

them#, an o'gan"se h"s!o3ema"ng w"th n%a'a!!e!est%""t*, 0!ne'"ng f'om onea=a"' to anothe', sa!!* w"th

ma"mm !oss to e3e'*one


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He was a st'ong a3o$ate of so$"a!'efo'm, an was %a't"$!a'!* noteas one of the few a'!"amenta'* efene's of the L"tes. He was

a!so a efene' of Roman atho!"$s. B*'on was "ns%"'e to w'"te%o!"t"$a! %oems s$h as +ong fo'the L"tes (181) an Che

Lan!o's# ?nte'est (182


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#hilde Harold%s Pilgrimage

%0!"she 0* ohn 6''a* antoo the town 0* sto'm. TheEdinburgh Review (e='e*) ga3e afa3o'a0!e 'e3"ew.

Che %oet B*'on woe one mo'n"ngto Fn h"mse!f famos - the

n"3e'sa! ta! of the town. H"ss%ee$h an h"s %oem ha not on!*'a"se h"s fame to anet'ao'"na'* he"ght 0t $'ows

of em"nent %e'sons $o'te an


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Bes"es f'n"sh"ng a %oet"$

t'a3e!oge of %"$t'ese!ans, "t ga3e 3ents to themoos of me!an$ho!* an

"s"!!s"onment of the %ost-Re3o!t"ona'* an Na%o!eon"$e'as. 9n the %oem $on3e*ethe "s%a'"t* 0etween the'omant"$ "ea! an the wo'!of 'ea!"t*, a n"ea$h"e3ement "n 1th $ent'*

3e'se.


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#hilde Harold$s Pilgrimage "s a!ength* na''at"3e %oem "n fo'

%a'ts ?t was %0!"she 0etween1812 an 1818 an "s e"$ateto ?anthe. Che %oem es$'"0esthe t'a3e!s an 'e>e$t"ons of a

wo'!-wea'* *ong man who,"s"!!s"one w"th a !"fe of%!eas'e an 'e3e!'*, !oos fo'"st'a$t"on "n fo'e"gn !ans. ?n a

w"e' sense, "t "s an e%'ess"onof the me!an$ho!* an"s"!!s"onment fe!t 0* agene'at"on wea'* of the wa's ofthe ost-Re3o!t"ona' an

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative_poemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_in_poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1818_in_poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1818_in_poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_in_poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative_poem


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#hilde Harold 0e$ame a 3eh"$!efo' B*'on#s own 0e!"efs an"eas& "nee "n the %'efa$e to0oo th'ee B*'on

a$now!eges the fa$t that h"she'o "s Kst an etens"on ofh"mse!f. 9$$o'"ng to e'ome 6$Gann, 0* mas"ng

h"mse!f 0eh"n a !"te'a'*a't"F$e, B*'on was a0!e toe%'ess h"s 3"ew that man#sg'eatest t'age* "s that he $an

$on$e"3e of a %e'fe$t"on wh"$h

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_McGannhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_McGann


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Che wo' %'o3"e the F'steam%!e of the B*'on"$ he'o. Che

"ea of the B*'on"$ he'o "s onethat $ons"sts of man* "=e'ent$ha'a$te'"st"$s. Che he'o mstha3e a 'athe' h"gh !e3e! of

"nte!!"gen$e an %e'$e%t"on aswe!! as 0e a0!e to eas"!* aa%t tonew s"tat"ons an se $nn"ngto h"s own ga"n. ?t "s $!ea' f'omth"s es$'"%t"on that th"s he'o "swe!! e$ate an 0* etens"on"s 'athe' so%h"st"$ate "n h"s

st*!e. 9s"e f'om the o03"os

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byronic_herohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byronic_hero


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Gene'a!!*, the he'o has a"s'es%e$t fo' an* Fg'e ofatho'"t*, ths $'eat"ng the"mage of the B*'on"$ he'o asan e"!e o' an ot$ast. Che

he'o a!so has a tenen$* to 0ea''ogant an $*n"$a!,"n!g"ng "n se!f-est'$t"3e0eha3"o' wh"$h !eas to the

nee to se$e women.9!thogh h"s sea! att'a$t"onth'ogh 0e"ng m*ste'"os "s'athe' he!%f!, th"s sea!

att'a$t"on often gets the he'o


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Che B*'on"$ he'o %e'3aesm$h of B*'on#s wo'. +$ho!a'sha3e t'a$e the !"te'a'* h"sto'*of the B*'on"$ he'o f'om 6"!ton,

an man* atho's an a't"sts ofthe Romant"$ mo3ement showB*'on#s "n>en$e -- '"ng the1th $ent'* an 0e*on. Che

B*'on"$ he'o %'esents an"ea!"se 0t >awe $ha'a$te'whose att'"0tes "n$!eA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byronic_herohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Miltonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Miltonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byronic_hero


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•'e0e!!"ng•ha3"ng a "staste fo' so$"et*

an so$"a! "nst"tt"ons•s=e'"ng e"!e•e%'ess"ng a !a$ of 'es%e$t fo''an an %'"3"!ege•ha3"ng g'eat ta!ent•h""ng an nsa3o'* %ast•eh"0"t"ng g'eat %ass"on•!t"mate!*, a$t"ng "n a se!f-est'$t"3e manne'•ns$$essf! "n !o3e, sa!!*the 0e!o3e "s ea


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Co the 'eae' the B*'on"$ he'owh"s%e's, th'eatens a se!f-'e3e!at"on. Ch"s s%e$"a! a!"t* ofthe B*'on"$ he'o sets h"m a%a'tf'om most Goth"$ 3"!!a"ns, who

se'3e, howe3e', as B*'on:s"mme"ate "ns%"'at"on. ;o' thet*%"$a! Goth"$ 3"!!a"n oes not setot to %'omote a 'a"$a! $'"t"e of

esta0!"she mo'a! "sses.. 9 senseof %'e3en"ent o'e' "s a!wa*s%'esent "n the %'e-B*'on"$t'eatment of the he'o-3"!!a"n.


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Bt B*'on:s ta!es an %!a*s

a$h"e3e the"' eno'mos"n>en$e, an somet"mes0a 'e%tat"on, 0e$asethe"' he'oes fo'$e the

'eae' to a mo'e sea'$h"ng"n"'* "nto no'ms fo' o'e'an 3a!e. @e sa* that the*a'e se%t"$a!, an%'o0!emat"$, fo' the* o nota!!ow th"ngs to $ome ot'"ght "n the en. @e a'e

a!wa*s !eft wone'"nga0ot the e3ents an

Che hansome %oet w"th the


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Che hansome %oet w"th the$!0foot was swe%t "nto a=a"'sw"th the %ass"onate

La* a'o!"ne Lam0, theatmna! La* Ofo', La*;'an$es @e0ste', an - %oss"0!* -h"s ha!f-s"ste', 9gsta Le"gh. Che

ag"tat"on of these a=a"'s an thesense of m"ng!e g"!t ane!tat"on the* a'ose "n h"s m"na'e 'e>e$te "n the C'"sh ta!es

he w'ote '"ng the %e'"o.

http://englishhistory.net/byron/lclamb.htmlhttp://englishhistory.net/byron/lclamb.html


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181<

• B*'on#s The &alt' "s %'"3ate!*%'"nte. The (iaour an TheBride of !b)dos %0!"she.Ch"' an !ast s%ee$h at theHose of Lo's "n s%%o't of

6aKo' a'tw'"ght.• He maes f'eent 3"s"ts to

'"n$ess ha'!otte (the

Regent#s aghte').


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;o!!ow"ng h"s t'a3e!s "n 9!0an"a,G'ee$e, an C'e*, B*'on

%0!"she a se'"es of Easte'n-theme C'"sh Ca!es %oems0etween 181< an 181. The(iaour (ne 181


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The Bride of !b)dos * De$em0e' 181


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1814

• B*'on#s The #orsair , 5L"nesto a La* @ee%"ng#, 5Oe toNa%o!eon Bona%a'te# an

+ara %0!"she.

N th" !" th C " h C ! h


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Noth"ng !"e the C'"sh Ca!es hae3e' 0een seen. Che"' $on3"n$"ngO'"enta! $o!o's, the

w"!ness of the"' $ha'a$te's, an the3"o!ent e3ents %o't'a*e P o's%%ose!* %o't'a*e P "n the"'%!ots, mae them a %henomenon. 9ssoon as the $essat"on of wa' "n 181J%e'm"tte, the* we'e t'ans!ate "nto;'en$h& an w"th"n ten *ea's, most

we'e a3a"!a0!e e"the' "n $ont"nenta!Eng!"sh-!angage e"t"ons, o' "nothe' !angages. Ne3e' 0efo'e o's"n$e ha o' has Eng!"sh !"te'at'e

0een so "n>ent"a! w"th s$h s%ee.

H" th" " th " Th # i


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H"s th"' %oem "n the se'"es, The #orsair,was -ublished in Februar) 181 an wasw'"tten "n he'o"$ $o%!ets. Che sa!es of

th"s %oem we'e n%'e$eenteA tenthosan $o%"es on the a* of%0!"$at"on. 9ga"n, the %oem feat'es am*ste'"os an !one!* he'o ef*"ngso$"et*, a m"t'e of B*'on"$ he'o angoth"$ 3"!!a"n. @h"!e t'*"ng to 'es$ewomen of the ha'em, he "s $a%t'e.

G!na'e sa3es h"m f'om "m%a!ement 0*"!!"ng the %asha. 9fte' the"' >"ght to the%"'ates: !a"', the* "s$o3e' that on'a:s0e!o3e 6eo'a has "e of a 0'oen

hea't, an the* s0seent!* "sa%%ea'.


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;o' h"s ha!f-s"ste',9gsta Le"gh, he w'oteman* %ass"onate %oems.+he ha 0een se%a'atef'om he' hs0an s"n$e1811 when she ga3e 0"'thon 9%'"! 1J, 1814 to a

aghte', 6eo'a. B*'on#s Ko* o3e' the 0"'th seems tos0stant"ate the 'mo's of

an "n$estos 'e!at"onsh"%.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusta_Leighhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1814http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1814http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusta_Leigh


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9fte' meet"ng 9nne ?sa0e!!a6"!!0ane, an he"'ess an a $os"n0* ma''"age to La* a'o!"ne, henote that she wasA #'ett* "n a

moest wa*, the fa"'est s"n"mag"na0!e, an a %e'fe$t Fg'efo' he' he"ght.5

#H"gh-%'"n$"%!e# . . . #$o!# . . . #ast'ong sense of t*# we'ee%'ess"ons that fon the"' wa*"nto othe' a$$onts of 6"ss

6"!!0ane. +he was a


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181J

• 6''a* %0!"shes a fo'-3o!me e"t"on of B*'on#s%oems& Hebrew "elodies

%0!"she

La* B*'on ga3e 0"'th to a


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La* B*'on ga3e 0"'th to aaghte', 9gsta 9a, on 1IDe$em0e', an "n ana'* she

!eft w"th the $h"! fo' a 3"s"t tohe' %a'ents an !et h"m nowthat she was not mo3"ng 0a$.

Che 'easons fo' he' e$"s"onwe'e ne3e' g"3en an 'mo's0egan to >*, most of them

$ente'"ng on B*'on:s 'e!at"onsw"th 9gsta Le"gh. @hen the'mo's g'ew, B*'on s"gne the!ega! se%a'at"on %a%e's.


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9gsta 9a "ng, ontess ofLo3e!a$e was an Eng!"sh w'"te'$h"e>* nown fo' he' wo' onha'!es Ba00age#s ea'!* me$han"$a!gene'a!-%'%ose $om%te', the

ana!*t"$a! eng"ne. 9s a *ong a!tshe too an "nte'est "nmathemat"$s, an "n %a't"$!a'Ba00age#s wo' on the ana!*t"$a!

eng"ne. Between 1842 an 184< shet'ans!ate an a't"$!e 0* ?ta!"anmathemat"$"an L"g" 6ena0'ea onthe eng"ne, wh"$h she

s%%!emente w"th a set of notes of

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Babbagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Menabreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Byron%27s_notes_on_the_analytical_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Byron%27s_notes_on_the_analytical_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Menabreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Babbagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom


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Chese notes $onta"n what "s

$ons"e'e the F'st$om%te' %'og'amQthat "s, ana!go'"thm en$oe fo' %'o$ess"ng0* a ma$h"ne. Chogh Ba00age#s

eng"ne was not 0"!t nt"! 18-1,Lo3e!a$e#s notes a'e "m%o'tant "nthe ea'!* h"sto'* of $om%te's. +hea!so fo'esaw the $a%a0"!"t* of

$om%te's to go 0e*on me'e$a!$!at"ng o' nm0e'-$'n$h"ngwh"!e othe's, "n$!"ng Ba00ageh"mse!f, fo$se on!* on these

$a%a0"!"t"es.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program


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9n the'e was news%a%e'

s$ana!. C'e to t'a"t"on, theB'"t"sh %'ess, ha3"nga$$!a"me B*'on, now

atta$e h"m w"th 3enom,shoot"ng h"m own w"th ea$han e3e'* "nneno. B*'on fe!!f'om a %os"t"on of esteem "ntoone of $ontem%t, seen th'oghthe e*es of so$"et* as amonste'.


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181

•

B*'on#s The Siege of #orinth an Parisina a'e %0!"she "n;e0'a'*. The Prisoner of #hillon and Other Poems an

#hilde Harold$s Pilgrimage ???$ome ot "n De$em0e'.


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?n 9%'"! he !ea3es Eng!an fo' goo

an sta'ts h"sE'o%ean "t"ne'a'*. He F'st t'a3e!s "n

Be!g"m,@ate'!oo, the Rh"ne an +w"te'!an.

He "s nowthe most famos e"!e "n E'o%e. ;o'

the F'st t"mehe meets e'$* +he!!e* at +$he'on,

'ents "!!aD"oat" on Lae Gene3a. He to's the

9!%s

(hamon" an 6ont B!an$) an Lae


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He meets an sta'ts an a=a"'

w"th !a"'e!e'mont, 6a'* +he!!e*#sste%s"ste'.

!a"'e !e'mont "s %'egnant w"thh"s

$h"! an !ea3es fo' Eng!an w"ththe

+he!!e*s.

Che $h"! "s 0o'n 12 ana'*1817, an

name 9!0a 0* !a"'e an


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9 to' of the Be'nese O0e'!anw"th Ho0hose %'o3"e the

s$ene'* fo' "anfred , a ;ast"an%oet"$ 'ama that 'e>e$teB*'on:s 0'oo"ng sense of g"!tan 'emo'se an the w"e'

f'st'at"ons of the 'omant"$ s%"'"toome 0* the 'e>e$t"on thatman "s ha!f st, ha!f e"t*, a!"enFt to s"n o' soa'.

Goth"$ wo', "n !ate 181, a fewth ft th f


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months afte' the fameghost-sto'* sess"ons wh"$h%'o3"e the "n"t"a! "m%ets fo'6a'* +he!!e*#s Fran.enstein an ohn o!"o'"#s The Vam-)re, wh"$hsome a'ge "s 0ase on B*'on#s

f'agment of a no3e!, h"s 0'"ef'es%onse to the $ha!!enge of theghost-sto'* sess"ons. B*'on a!sohea' Goethe#s Faust a0ot th"s

t"me, an "anfred ma* a!so owesometh"ng to 6atthew Lew"s,atho' of The "on. , who 3"s"teB*'on a month o' two 0efo'e

"anfred was 0egn.

http://www.kimwoodbridge.com/maryshel/summer.shtmlhttp://www.litgothic.com/Authors/mshelley.htmlhttp://www.litgothic.com/Authors/polidori.htmlhttp://www.sff.net/people/DoyleMacdonald/l_frag.htmhttp://www.litgothic.com/Authors/g.htmlhttp://www.litgothic.com/Authors/lewis.htmlhttp://www.litgothic.com/Authors/lewis.htmlhttp://www.litgothic.com/Authors/g.htmlhttp://www.sff.net/people/DoyleMacdonald/l_frag.htmhttp://www.litgothic.com/Authors/polidori.htmlhttp://www.litgothic.com/Authors/mshelley.htmlhttp://www.kimwoodbridge.com/maryshel/summer.shtml


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6anf'e "s a ;ast"an no0!e !"3"ng

"n the Be'nese 9!%s. ?nte'na!!*to't'e 0* some m*ste'"os g"!t,wh"$h has to o w"th the eath ofh"s most 0e!o3e, 9sta'te, he sesh"s maste'* of !angage an s%e!!-$ast"ng to smmon se3en s%"'"ts,f'om whom he sees

fo'getf!ness. Che s%"'"ts, who'!e the 3a'"os $om%onents ofthe $o'%o'ea! wo'!, a'e na0!e to$ont'o! %ast e3ents an ths

$annot g'ant 6anf'e#s %!ea. ;o'

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fausthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernese_Alpshttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corporealhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destinyhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corporealhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernese_Alpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faust


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9t the en, 6anf'e "es

ef*"ng 'e!"g"os tem%tat"onsof 'eem%t"on f'om s"n.Ch'oghot the %oem, hes$$ees "n $ha!!eng"ng a!!atho'"tat"3e %owe's he $omesa$'oss, an $hooses eath o3e's0m"tt"ng to s%"'"ts of h"ghe'

%owe's. 6anf'e "'e$ts h"sFna! wo's to the 900ot,'ema'"ng, O! man #t "s notso "$!t to "e.

"anfred 'e%'esents B*'on#s


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"anfred 'e%'esents B*'on sa't"$!at"on of the Romant"$ he'o,a Fg'e so fa' s%e'"o' to othe'

hmans that he nee not 0e0on 0* the $onst'a"nts ofhman so$"et*. +"m"!a'!*, hes0m"ts to no s%"'"ta! atho'"t*,'eKe$t"ng %anthe"sm,Mo'oast'"an"sm, an h'"st"an"t*.6anf'e answe's on!* to h"mse!f,

an 0e$ase of th"s he "s the"nst'ment of h"s own est'$t"on,fash"on"ng a %n"shment fo' h"sne%!a"ne g"!t that fa' e$ees

an* %oss"0!e 'et'"0t"on "m%ose


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?n O$to0e' 181 he e%a'ts w"th

Ho0hose fo'?ta!* whe'e he s%ens the F'st

month "n 6"!an9n then mo3es to en"$e. He

sta'ts h"s a=a"'@"th 6a'"anna +egat", h"s

!an!o'#s w"fe an

+t"es 9'men"an at a monaste'*on the "s!anof +an Laa'o.


69/143

?f B*'on was s%e$ta$!a', "t was"n h"s s"ns, ta"ng h"s %!eas'es

as the* $ame, sa!!* "n 'o3esof a'-e*e 0eat"es eage' fo'h"s attent"ons. He e%t Ft 0*'eg!a'!* sw"mm"ng "n the

9'"at"$, o' the G'an ana!, aneas"!* won a $ontest aga"nst aso!"e' - an am"'e' of Na%o!eon -"n sw"mm"ng the !ength of the$ana!. He a!so "n!ge h"s !o3eof an"ma!s 0* ee%"ng twomone*s, a fo, an two mast"=s

at h"s 3"!!a.


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?n 6a* 1817 he Ko"ne Ho0hose "n

Rome an 'oe o3e' the '"ns,gathe'"ng "m%'ess"ons that he'e$o'e "n a fo'th $anto of #hildeHarold .

He meets 6a'ga'"ta ogn", w"fe of a0ae', who fo!!owe h"m to en"$ean e3enta!!* 'e%!a$e 6a'"anna

+egat" "n h"s a=e$t"ons"9t a smme' 3"!!a at La 6"'a on theB'entat R"3e', he w'"tes Be--o, a'o!!"$"ng sat"'e on ?ta!"an manne's,

0ase on a sto'* 6a'ga'"ta te!!s


71/143

1817

• ?n De$em0e' he se!!s Newstea900e* fo'

• S 4,JII.

•

Che sa!e of Newstea 900e*Fna!!* $!ea'e most of h"s e0tsan !eft h"m w"th a sma!! "n$omewh"$h s%%o'te h"m "n ?ta!*. Bt

mone* " not so!3e an* of h"s%'o0!ems, nota0!* h"s"ssat"sfa$t"on an 'est!essness.+he!!e* an othe' 3"s"to's, "n

1818, ha fon B*'on g'own fat,


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1818

• B*'on#s Be--o an #hildeHarold$s Pilgrimage ? a'e

%0!"she 'es%e$t"3e!* "n;e0'a'* an 9%'"!.

• He 'ents a %a!ao on the G'an

ana! whe'e he s%ens m$ht"me w"th the +he!!e*s an0eg"ns /on 0uan. D'"ng thesmme', he $om%!etes the F'st

$anto of /on 0uan, a %"$a'ese3e'se sat"'e, w"th %o"nte'efe'en$es to h"s owne%e'"en$es.


73/143

Che +he!!e*s a''"3e w"th !a"'e anhe' aghte' 9!!eg'a. B*'on was

not een on 'enew"ng h"s "nt"ma$*w"th !a"'e 0t was %'e%a'e to'e$e"3e the"' aghte' 9!!eg'a. ?nthe ho%e that "t wo! o%en aoo' fo' he' 0a$ to B*'on, !a"'ea!!owe he' aghte' to go toB*'on, w'"t"ng to h"mA #. . . *o a'e

the fathe' of m* !"tt!e g"'! an ?$annot fo'get *o.#9t F'st, 9!!eg'a w"th he' 0!e e*es

an fa"' $'!s e!"ghte B*'on 0t

she soon showe he' fathe'#s


74/143

$ an$e mee ng w eontess Ce'esa G"$$"o!o "n 9%'"!


75/143

ontess Ce'esa G"$$"o!o "n 9%'"!181 $hange the $o'se of h"s!"fe. ?n a few a*s he fe!!

$om%!ete!* "n !o3e w"th Ce'esa, 1*ea's o! an ma''"e to mannea'!* th'ee t"mes he' age. B*'onfo!!owe he' to Ra3enna, an, !ate'"n the smme', she a$$om%an"eh"m 0a$ to en"$e an sta*e nt"!he' hs0an $a!!e fo' he'.


76/143


77/143

• B*'on 'et'ne to Ra3enna"n ana'* 182I, as Ce'esa:sa$$e%te gent!eman-"n-wa"t"ng. He won thef'"ensh"% of he' fathe' an

0'othe' who "n"t"ate h"m"nto the se$'et 'e3o!t"ona'*so$"et* of the a'0ona'", the?ta!"an 'e3o!t"ona'*

mo3ement aga"nst 9st'"an'!e.


78/143

?n Ra3enna he was 0'oght "nto$!ose' to$h w"th the !"fe of the

?ta!"an %eo%!e than he ha e3e'0een. He ga3e a'ms to thea'0ona'" an a!ms to the %oo'.


79/143

Che !o3e's we'e eso!ate. B*'onw'ote to he'A #6* !o3e - m* t* -m* hono' . . . sho! mae mefo'e3e' what ? am now, *o' !o3e'f'"en an (when $"'$mstan$es

%e'm"t) *o' hs0an.#Now s'e of B*'on#s $omm"tment,Ce'esa !a" he' $ase 0efo'e theo%e who g'ante he' a se%a'at"on

f'om ont G"$$"o!" on $on"t"onthat she !"3e 'es%e$ta0!* ne'he' fathe'#s 'oof. Che %e'manent%!ege of B*'on an Ce'esa to ea$h

othe' !ent some sta0"!"t* to h"s !"fe


80/143

?t was one of the ha%%"est an

most %'o$t"3e %e'"os of h"s!"fe. He w'ote The Pro-hec) of/ante& th'ee $antos fo' /on 0uan&the %oet"$ 'amas "arino Faliero,

Sardana-alus, The Two Foscari,and #ain (a!! %0!"she "n 1821)&an h"s sat"'e on the %oet Ro0e't+othe*, The Vision of 0udgment .


81/143

@hen Ce'esa:s fathe' an0'othe' we'e e"!e fo' the %a't"n an a0o't"3e %'"s"ng an she,now se%a'ate f'om he'

hs0an, was fo'$e to fo!!owthem, B*'on 'e!$tant!*'emo3e to "sa, whe'e +he!!e*ha 'ente the asa Lanf'an$h"

on the 9'no R"3e' fo' h"m.


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He !ea3es h"s aghte' 9!!eg'a "n a

$on3ent nea' Ra3enna whe'e hesens he' to 0e e$ate. +he "eson 2I 9%'"! of the fo!!ow"ng *ea'f'om t*%ho".


83/143

B*'on %a" a"!* 3"s"ts to Ce'esa,whose fathe' an 0'othe' ha

fon tem%o'a'* as*!m "n "sa,nt"! ea'!* smme' when then a!!went to Legho'n, whe'e B*'on ha

!ease a 3"!!a nea' +he!!e*:s hoseon the Ba* of Le'"$". Che'e the%oet Le"gh Hnt fon h"m on 1 !*, when he a''"3e f'om Eng!an

to Ko"n w"th +he!!e* an B*'on "nthe e"t"ng of a new %e'"o"$a!.Hnt an h"s fam"!* we'e "nsta!!e"n the !owe' >oo' of B*'on:s hose

"n "sa, whe'e B*'on an Ce'esa

Che 'own"ng of +he!!e* on 8 !*


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Che 'own"ng of +he!!e* on 8 !*!eft Hnt ent"'e!* e%enent on

B*'on, who ha a!'ea* !oaneh"m mone* fo' h"s %assage an thea%a'tment. B*'on fon Hnt anag'eea0!e $om%an"on, 0t the"'

'e!at"ons we'e somewhat st'a"ne0* 6's. Hnt:s mo'a!$ones$ens"on an 0* the emansof he' s" $h"!'en. B*'on

$ont'"0te h"s Vision of 0udgment to the F'st nm0e' of the new%e'"o"$a!, The +iberal , wh"$h was%0!"she "n Lonon 0* Hnt:s

0'othe' ohn on 1J O$to0e' 1822.

9t the en of +e%tem0e' he mo3eh" t" h h ! t 0 0 f


85/143

h"s ent"'e hoseho! to a s0'0 ofGenoa, whe'e Ce'esa:s fam"!* ha

fon as*!m an ha taen a!a'ge hose fo' h"m. 6a'* +he!!e*!ease anothe' hose nea'0* fo'he'se!f an the Hnts.


86/143

9fte' a a''e! w"th h"s %0!"she', ohn 6''a*, B*'on ga3e a!! h"s !ate'wo' - "n$!"ng $antos ? to T? of/on 0uan, The !ge of Bron'e, an

The Island - to ohn Hnt.


87/143

/on 0uan "s a sat"'"$ %oem, 0aseon the !egen of Don an, wh"$h

B*'on 'e3e'ses, %o't'a*"ng annot as a woman"e' 0t assomeone eas"!* se$e 0*women. ?t "s a 3a'"at"on on thee%"$ fo'm. B*'on h"mse!f $a!!e "tan E%"$ +at"'e (Don an, $. 3,3. 7I). 6oe'n $'"t"$s gene'a!!*

$ons"e' "t B*'on#s maste'%"e$e,w"th a tota! of o3e' s"teenthosan "n"3"a! !"nes of3e'se. B*'on $om%!ete 1

$antos, !ea3"ng an nFn"she

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Juanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unfinished_workhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unfinished_workhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Juan


88/143


89/143

B*'on was a 'a%" as we!! as a3o!m"nos w'"te'. Ne3e'the!ess,

the $om%os"t"on of h"s g'eat %oem,/on 0uan, was $oetens"3e w"th amaKo' %a't of h"s %oet"$a! !"fe. He0egan the F'st $anto of /on 0uan "n the atmn of 1818, an he wasst"!! at wo' on a se3enteenth$anto "n the s%'"ng of 182


90/143

6an* of B*'on#s 'ema's an'e>e$t"ons on the mot"3e 0eh"n

h"s %oem a'e hmo'os%a'aoes, %'o3oe 0* a3"$ean o%%os"t"on. ;o' "nstan$e,w'"t"ng to Chomas 6oo'e, he

sa*s, ? ha3e Fn"she the F'st$anto ... of a %oem "n the st*!ean manne' of Be%%o,en$o'age 0* the goo s$$essof the same. ?t "s ... meant to 0ea !"tt!e "et!* fa$et"os %one3e'* th"ng. Bt ? o0t whethe'

"t "s notQat !east as fa' as "t has

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Moorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Moore


91/143

'"t"$a! o%"n"on a!"gne "tse!f w"ththe o%"n"on that the %oem was too

f'ee, howe3e', a month afte' thetwo F'st $antos ha 0een "sse,B*'on w'ote to 6''a* , Yo as mefo' the %!an of Donn* ohnn*& ? ha3e

no %!anQ? ha no %!an& 0t ? ha o'ha3e mate'"a!s.... Yo a'e tooea'nest an eage' a0ot a wo'

ne3e' "ntene to 0e se'"os. Do*o s%%ose that ? $o! ha3e an*"ntent"on 0t to g"gg!e an maeg"gg!eUQa %!a*f! sat"'e, w"th as

!"tt!e %oet'* as $o! 0e he!%e, was


92/143

Che a$t"on of the %oem taes

%!a$e "n the !atte' a'te' ofthe 18th $ent'*, 0t B*'on:sown t"me w"th "ts sent"ments,"eas, an e3ents 0'st "nto

the na''at"3e, ths $'eat"ng a0'oa $'"t"$a! %"$t'e ofE'o%ean !"fe. Che famosw'"te' G"eon %'a"se /on 0uan as the wo' of an a0so!tegen"s fo' "ts %'ofonthoghts an $ontents, 0'oa

3o!me of the !"fe an anto ? (w'"tten "n 1818)?n +e3"!!a, an#s fathe' Vse "s


93/143

?n +e3"!!a, an s fathe' Vse "sma''"e to an#s mothe' ?ne, 0thas 3a'"os a=a"'s, $as"ng he' to%!ot aga"nst h"m an F!e fo' "3o'$e.on3en"ent!* he "es, !ea3"ng anthe so!e he"'. H"s $!ass"$a! e$at"on

"s "ntene 0* h"s mothe' to sh"e!h"m f'om sa!a$"os mate'"a! (th"se=o't "s ns$$essf!). ?ne st'"es% an a=a"' w"th Don 9!fonso, an "n

t'n 9!fonso#s 2< *Wo !o3e!* w"fee*es the 1 *Wo Don an. +$hth"ngs a'e mo'e $ommon "n sn-'en$he $!"mes. On a smme' a*

"n ne, an "na3e'tent to$h of he'


94/143

One n"ght Don 9!fonso a''"3es to Fn !"a"n 0e w"th 9nton"a he' ma", 0t he "s

ss%"$"os an sea'$hes w"th h"s !a$e*sfo' he' ss%e$te ma!e !o3e'ns$$essf!!*. !"a maes an etenes%ee$h of ot'age an "n"gnat"on. 9fte'

9!fonso !ea3es, a ha!f-smothe'e ans!ene' Don an eme'ges f'om the 0ewhe'e he ha h"en a!! a!ong. Bt Don9!fonso 'et'ns, an e3enta!!* "s$o3e's an#s shoes net to the 0e, an then an, whe'e%on an >ees. 9!fonso F!esfo' "3o'$e, an !"a "s sent to a nnne'*.Donna ?ne e$"es that he' son sho!t'a3e! an see the wo'!, so maes %!ans

to sen h"m to a". He $a''"es a tea'f!


95/143

anto ?? (w'"tten "n 1818-)

an em0a's on a 3o*age f'om a"on the sh"% C'"n"aa, a$$om%an"e 0*< se'3ants an a tto' e'"!!o, st"!! "n!o3e w"th !"a (an seas"$), "nten"ng

to t'a3e! fo' 4 *ea's. Bt a sto'm s"nsthe sh"%. an an h"s fe!!ow s'3"3o's$'am "nto a !ong0oat an e3enta!!*Fn themse!3es sta'3"ng. Che* 'aw!ots (s"ng !"a#s !ette' fo' %a%e') to

see who w"!! 0e eaten--sa!* "t "se'"!!o. E3enta!!*, an as the so!es'3"3o' washes asho'e on an "s!an "nthe *$!aes "n the 9egean. He "s

"s$o3e'e 0* the !o3e!* 17 *Wo Ha"e


96/143


97/143

anto ??? (w'"tten "n 181)Che o%en"ng !"ne "s Ha"! 6se et

$ete'a..., %a'o*"ng $!ass"$ e%"$$on3ent"ons. Che %oets thoghts onma''"age. Lam0'o he' fathe' has 0eenawa* fo' a wh"!e, an was thoght to ha3e

"e. H"s hose was "n mo'n"ng fo'se3e'a! wees. Bt now howe3e', he'et'ns (!"e O*sses to a hose f!! ofnwe!$ome s"to's) to Fn that Ha"ean an ha3e mo3e "nto h"s hose ana'e ha3"ng a !a'ge $e!e0'at"on. He 0"esh"s t"me n'e$ogn"e, ma"ng "s$'ete"n"'"es of othe's, an the'e a'e !ength*"g'ess"ons on %oet'*, et$. Che ?s!es of

G'ee$e %oem "s sng 0* the"' %oet,


98/143

anto ? (w'"tten "n 181)

9fte' the $e!e0'at"on "s o3e', Ha"e an an a'e as!ee% togethe', a n*m%h anhe' 0e!o3e. +he 'eams an he' 'eame3o!3es "nto 'ea! "mage of he' fathe'--hestans o3e' them an $onf'onts them.

Lam0'o atta$s an, w"th the a" of h"s%"'ate asso$"ates, efeats an es%"teHa"e#s e=o'ts to efen he' !o3e'. an"s se3e'e!* wone, an %!a$e "n the

ho! of a s!a3e sh"% as %a't of the $a'goof s!a3es. Ha"e es%a"'s at the !oss an'efses foo, *"ng afte' 12 a*s offast"ng, he' n0o'n $h"! *"ng w"th"nhe'. Che "s!e "s now ese'te--the g'a3es


99/143

an Fns h"mse!f a $a%t"3e at

sea, %ass"ng ?!"on (C'o*) anente'"ng the He!!es%ont. Ches!a3e sh"% has a t'o%e ofs"nge's, an$e's, an othe'

ente'ta"ne's a0oa'. an "s%a"'e % "n $ha"ns w"th anEng!"shman, a man of the wo'!name ohn ohnson. Che* a'e

taen to the s!a3e ma'et "n the$a%"ta!, ?stan0!, as the s!a3esh"% stans at an$ho' 0eneaththe %a!a$e wa!!s.

anto (w'"tten "n 182I)


100/143

anto (w'"tten "n 182I) an "n the s!a3e ma'et. He $on3e'sesw"th the Eng!"shman, te!!"ng of h"s !ost!o3e, whe'eas the mo'e e%e'"en$e ohnsa*s he ha to 'n awa* f'om h"s


101/143

+he wants an to !o3e he', anth'ows he'se!f on h"s 0'east. Bt he st"!!has thoghts of Ha"e an s%'ns he'

a3an$es, sa*"ng Che %'"sone eag!ew"!! not %a"', no' ? W +e'3e a s!tana#ssensa! %hantas*. +he "s taen a0a$,en'age, an th"ns of ha3"ng h"m

0eheae, 0t 0'eas ot "n tea's"nstea. Befo'e the* $an %'og'essf'the' "n the"' 'e!at"onsh"%, Ba0a'shes "n to annon$e that the +!tan "s$om"ngA Che sn h"mse!f has sent me!"e a 'a* W Co h"nt that he "s $om"ng %th"s wa*. Che s!tan a''"3es, %'e$ee0* a %a'ae of amse!s, en$hs, et$.(he "s J *Wo an has 1JII $on$0"nes).

Loo"ng a'on, he taes note of the

anto ? (w'"tten "n 1822)


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( )Che s!tan 'et"'es w"th G!0e*a. an,st"!! 'esse as a woman, "s taen to the

o3e'$'owe se'ag!"o. He "s ase to sha'ea $o$h w"th the *ong an !o3e!* 17 *WoDX, who $a!!s h"m anna. +he "s a "nof s!ee%* ens ... 3e'* Ft to m'e'

s!ee%... He' ta!ents we'e of the mo'e s"!ent$!ass... %ens"3e... +he g"3es anna a$haste "ss an n'esses. Che $ham0e' ofoa!"ses "s as!ee% at < 96. DXsen!* s$'eams, an awaens ag"tate,

wh"!e anna st"!! !"es as!ee% an sno'"ng.Che women as the $ase of he' s$'eam,an she 'e!ates a sggest"3e 'eam of0e"ng "n a woo !"e Dante, of "s!og"ng a

'e!$tant go!en a%%!e $!"ng"ng


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Che mat'on of the se'ag!"o e$"es to %!a$e

anna w"th anothe' oa!"se, 0t DX0egs to ee% he' "n he' own 0e, h""nghe' fa$e "n anna#s 0'east. Che %oet "s at a!oss to e%!a"n wh* she s$'eame.?n the mo'n"ng, the s!tana ass Ba0a to

te!! he' how Don an %asse the n"ght. Hete!!s of he' sta* "n the se'ag!"o, 0t$a'ef!!* om"ts eta"!s a0ot DX an he''eam. Bt the s!tana "s ss%"$"os

ne3e'the!ess, 0e$omes en'age, an"nst'$ts Ba0a to ha3e DX an an"!!e "n the sa! manne' ('own"ng).Ba0a %!eas w"th he' that "!!"ng an w"!!not $'e what a"!s he'. Che s!tana


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anto ?? (w'"tten "n 1822) an an ohn ohnson ha3e es$a%ew"th 2 women f'om the se'ag!"o, ana''"3e '"ng the s"ege of ?sma"!(h"sto'"$a!!* 17I), a C'"sh fo't at

the moth of the Dan0e on theB!a$ +ea. ;"e! 6a'sha!! +3a'o=,an o$e' "n the Rss"an a'm*, "s%'e%a'"ng fo' an a!!-ot Fna! assa!t

aga"nst the 0es"ege fo't'ess. Che0att!e 'ages. He has 0een to! totae ?sma"! at whate3e' %'"$e 0*'"n$e otem"n, the $ommane'-"n-

$h"ef of the Rss"an a'm*. Che


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ohn ohnson a%%ea's to +3a'o=

(w"th whom he has %'e3"os!*se'3e "n 0att!e at @""n) an"nt'o$es h"s f'"en an--0otha'e 'ea* to Ko"n the Fght aga"nstthe %agan C's. +3a'o= "snha%%* w"th the women the 2men 0'oght, 0t the* state that

the* a'e the w"3es of othe' men,an that the women a"e the"'es$a%e. +3a'o= $onsents fo' thewomen to sta*.


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anto T (w'"tten "n 1822)

an enKo*s the goo !"fe, "s "neman at $o't w"th amse!s anan$es, 'e3e!s, anZ 'ea* mone*,an g'aa!!* 0e$omes 3e'*

%o!"she. Bt he a!so 0e$omes a!"tt!e "ss"%ate "n th"s ga* $!"me of0ea's"ns 0!a$ an f''*. He w'"tesh"s mothe' Donna ?ne, who wo''"es

a0ot h"s e%os'e to G'eewo'sh"%, et$. G'aa!!*, an0e$omes "!!, st"!! st'ong 0t e!"$ate.H"s o$to's sa* he nees to t'a3e! to


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anto T? (w'"tten "n 1822)


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anto T? (w'"tten "n 1822) an "!!s a man "n se!f-efense. He "s

%'esente to an sett!es "ntofash"ona0!e so$"et* "n Lonon. He "s "neman 0* fa"' 3"'g"ns an weeames. He "s s%e'F$"a! an 0!as,

!"3"ng amongst !"3e %oets an 0!e!a"es, %'s"ng 0s"ness "n themo'n"ng (a !a0o'"os noth"ng that!eas to !ass"te), !n$h"ng,

!ong"ng, an 0o"ng "n theafte'noons, "n"ng an an$"ng "n thee3en"ng, et$. Che %oet $at"ons annot to 0e$ome $om%!a$entA Bt $a'%e


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anto T?? (w'"tten "n 1822)

Che %oet !aments m"!e age, now


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anto T??? (w'"tten "n 182


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anto T? (w'"tten "n 182


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La* 9e!"ne "s at '"s fo' !os"ng he'hono' o3e' an. an has a se$t"3e

manne' 0e$ase he ne3e' seemsan"os to se$e. He ne"the' 0'oosno' $!a"ms s%e'"o'"t*. 9e!"ne a3"ses an to get ma''"e, 0t he

a$now!eges the women he "satt'a$te to ten to 0e a!'ea* ma''"e.9e!"ne t'"es to e$e a s"ta0!e mat$hfo' an, 0t "ntent"ona!!* om"ts ment"onof the 1 *Wo an ent"$"ng 9'o'a Ra0*,a atho!"$. an "s att'a$te to he'--she"s %'e' than the 'est, an 'em"ns h"mof h"s !ost Ha"e. 9n e!a0o'ate "nne' "ses$'"0e "n eta"!. an "s seate

0etween 9e!"ne an 9'o'a. 9'o'a has



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9e!"ne o=e's to s"ng the sto'* of the

ghost, a$$om%an*"ng "t on he' ha'%. Chesong 0eg"ns, Bewa'e 0ewa'e of theB!a$ ;'"a' W @ho s"tteth 0* No'manstone, W ;o' he mtte's h"s %'a*e' "n them"n"ght a"', W 9n h"s mass of the a*s

that a'e gone. W @hen the Lo' of the H"!!,9mne3"!!e, W 6ae No'man h'$h h"s%'e*, W 9n e%e!!e the f'"a's, one f'"a'st"!! W @o! not 0e '"3en awa*. 9'o'a

'ema"ns s"!ent, 0t La* ;"t-;!ea%%ea's m"s$h"e3os. +he sggests that9e!"ne has sng th"s to !agh an ot ofh"s "sma*. an#s s%"'"ts a'e !"fte. He3"s"ts w"th Lo' Hen'*. 9 %'egnant $ont'*

9nothe' 0anet at wh"$h an "s


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9nothe' 0anet, at wh"$h an "s%'eo$$%"e. He wone's "f 9'o'a ha

0een the ghost--" he $at$h a sm"!e on he'$heeU He "s 3ee w"th n$e'ta"nt*, wh"!e9'o'a s"ts %a!e an on!* a !"tt!e >she.9e!"ne goes a0ot he' t"es, wh"!e theD$hess of ;"t-;!e "s 3e'* m$h at ease.

Che* 'et"'e fo' the e3en"ng. an th"nsa0ot 9'o'a, who has 'eawaene fee!"ngs"n h"m wh"$h ha 0een !ate!* !ost. 9fte'go"ng to 0e, he hea's the t"%toe of

footste%s aga"n. Che oo's o%ens, anaga"n "t "s the sa0!e ;'"a' $on$ea!e "n h"sso!emn hoo. He %'ses the f'"a' %aga"nst a wa!!, notes the ghost has sweet0'eath, a st'agg!"ng $'!, 'e !"%s an

anto T?? ("n$om%!ete f'agment,


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anto T?? ("n$om%!ete f'agment,w'"tten "n 182


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as a maste' of 'h*me

C"!! ft ! " th tt


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C"!!, afte' $!o*"ng the gaettesw"th $ant,Che age "s$o3e's he "s not thet'e one&Of s$h as these ? sho! not $a'e

to 3ant,?#!! the'efo'e tae o' an$"entf'"en Don an?n the a0o3e %assage, an "s

'h*me w"th t'e one, the wo'0e"ng 'ea a$$o'"ng to the '!esof Eng!"sh o'thog'a%h* as W\]nW 0E&12n. (Che sa! Eng!"sh

'onn$"at"on of uan "s Ww^nW


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Bt soon enogh, "n 182<B*'on#s o! 'est!essness'et'ne an the omest"$"t* ofh"s !"fe w"th Ce'esa ga3e no

sat"sfa$t"on. He a!so !onge fo'the o%%o'tn"t* fo' some no0!ea$t"on that wo! 3"n"$ate h"m"n the e*es of h"s $ont'*men.


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On 1 !*, B*'on !eft Genoa on a

$ha'te'e sh"%, a''"3"ng at the?on"an "s!an of e%ha!on"a on 29gst& he sett!e "n 6etaata.He sent 4III %ons of h"s own

mone* to %'e%a'e the G'ee >eetfo' sea se'3"$e an then sa"!efo' 6"sso!ongh" on 2 De$em0e'to Ko"n '"n$e 9!ean'os

6a3'oo'atos, !eae' of thefo'$es "n weste'n G'ee$e.


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@"th t'emenos %ass"on he ente'e


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%"nto the %!ans to atta$ the C'"sh-

he! fo't'ess of Le%anto. Heem%!o*e a F'e maste' to %'e%a'ea't"!!e'* an too ne' h"s own$omman an %a* the +o!"ot

so!"e's, 'e%te!* the 0'a3est of theG'ees. ?n a"t"on he maee"$ate 0t !t"mate!* f'"t!esse=o'ts to n"te easte'n an weste'n

G'ee$e. On 1J ;e0'a'* 1824 he fe!!"!! (he %oss"0!* ha two e%"!e%t"$ Fts"n a fo'tn"ght) an the sa! 'eme*of 0!ee"ng weaene h"m at the

Chogh h"s enths"asm fo' the G'ee$ase was n"m"n"she he now


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$ase was n"m"n"she, he now%ossesse a mo'e 'ea!"st"$ 3"ew of the

o0sta$!es fa$"ng the a'm*. He wasa!so s=e'"ng f'om the emot"ona!st'a"n of h"s f'"ensh"% w"th Loasha!an'"tsanos, a G'ee 0o*, whomhe ha 0'oght as a %age f'ome%ha!on"a an to whom hea'esse h"s Fna! %oems.

182• He w'"tes 5On th"s a* ?


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1824

He w'"tes On th"s a* ?$om%!ete m* th"'t*-s"th *ea'#

an %0!"shes The /eformedTransformed an /on 0uan T-T? .

• Recollections of +ord B)ron

%0!"she 0* Da!!as an 0ournalof the #onversations of +ord B)ron at Pisa 0* 6ew"n.


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Che %oem On Ch"s Da* ? $om%!ete

6* Ch"'t*-+"th Yea' f'om Lo'B*'on, w'"tten on the %oet:s0"'tha*, on ana'* 22n, 1824,28 a*s 0efo'e h"s eath of fe3e',

has a sense of h"s !"fe 'aw"ng toa $!ose.

B h h ! t


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B*'on was a %e'son who ha !otsof a=a"'s an "n$estos'e!at"onsh"%s w"th, fo' eam%!e,h"s ha!f-s"ste' an two $os"ns,who " not "s!"e sea!

$onta$t w"th 0oth sees an whoha a 3e'* t'0!ent an not3e'* $onstant !o3e-!"fe. Cowa'sthe en of h"s sho't !"fe he got a

mo'e 'ea!"st"$ 3"ew an was%'se 0* g"!t a0ot h"sa=a"'s.

9s the t"t!e sa*s, the %oem wasw'"tten on h"s th"'t*-s"th


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w'"tten on h"s th"'t* s"th0"'tha* an $o! 0e

ne'stoo as h"s es"'e fo' h"sth"'t*-se3enth *ea'.Che %oem has ten stanas w"thfo' 3e'ses ea$h.

Che ma"n as%e$t of the %oem an!e"tmot"f "s eath. B*'on a!'ea*was %'ett* "!! an was to "esoon, 0t he "s a!so ta!"ng a0otthe eath of h"s !o3e. He "s notha%%* w"th the nm0e' of the'e!at"onsh"%s he has ha "n h"s

!"fe


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?t "s a %oem on h"s w"sh an neefo' f'eeom an the !ast !o3e anes"'e fo' !o3"ng 'omant"$a!!*.B*'on ses two of h"s ma"n

mot"3es "n th"s %oems. He ta!s ofh"s 'eam of 0e"ng a he'o 0t a!soa0ot !o3e.

m"se'a0!e, an "t nfo'tnate!* $aghtB*'on wh"!e he was st"!! wea f'om the


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$on3!s"3e Fts of m"-;e0'a'*. He

$ont"ne to $a''* ot h"s t"es anseeme on the %ath to $e'ta"n'e$o3e'*. Bt "n ea'!* 9%'"! he was$aght otoo's "n a 'a"nsto'm&

thogh 'en$he an $h"!!e, he "not h''* home. nfo'tnate!*, he$aght a 3"o!ent $o! wh"$h was soonagg'a3ate 0* the 0!ee"ng "ns"ste

on 0* the o$to's. Chogh he 0'"e>*'a!!"e, the $o! g'ew wo'se& hee3enta!!* s!"%%e "nto a $oma.9'on s" o#$!o$ "n the e3en"ng of 1

D ! 0 h G


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Dee%!* mo'ne 0* the G'ees,

he 0e$ame a he'o th'oghotthe"' !an. H"s 0o* wasem0a!me& the hea't was'emo3e an 0'"e "n

6"sso!ongh". H"s 'ema"ns we'ethen sent to Eng!an an,'efse 0'"a! "n @estm"nste'900e*, %!a$e "n the 3a!t of h"s

an$esto's nea' Newstea.


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+t. 6a'* 6aga!ene h'$h -Fna! 'est"ng %!a$e of Geo'ge

Go'on Lo' B*'on


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H"s memo"'s, wh"$h he"ntene fo' %0!"$at"onafte' h"s eath, we'e 0'ne0* a g'o% of h"s f'"ens.


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?'on"$a!!*, 14J *ea's afte' h"seath, "n 1, a memo'"a! toB*'on was Fna!!* %!a$e on the

>oo' of the 900e*.


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6emo'"a! %!ae "ns"e @estm"nste'

182J • 6''a* %'o$es an e"ght-


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* % g3o!me e"t"on of B*'on#s

%oet'*, an Ha!"tt#s essa*on 5Lo' B*'on# a%%ea's "nThe S-irit of the !ge.

182 • /on 0uan "s %0!"she "n two


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3o!mes.

e e o *'on as een t e so'$eof en!ess ane$otes, f'om h"s ownt"me to o's. H"s $ha'a$te', w"t, an


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$ha'm we'e "m%'esse %on 3"'ta!!*

e3e'*one who met h"m. Be*on theo%"n"ons of othe's, howe3e', one $annow B*'on on a %e'sona! !e3e! -th'ogh the !ette's an Ko'na!s

wh"$h $h'on"$!e e3e'* as%e$t of h"s!"fe "n h"s own wo's. Chese%e'sona! w'"t"ngs %ossess a!! the"mme"ate fo'$e an 3"ta!"t* of h"s%oet'*.


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B*'on ee'$"se a ma'e"n>en$e on ont"nenta!!"te'at'e an a't, an h"s'e%tat"on as %oet "s h"ghe' "n

man* E'o%ean $ont'"es than "nEng!an o' 9me'"$a, a!thogh notas h"gh as "n h"s t"me.

Che 'e-fon"ng of the B*'on +o$"et*


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Che 'e-fon"ng of the B*'on +o$"et*"n 171 'e>e$ts the fas$"nat"on thatman* %eo%!e ha3e fo' B*'on an h"swo'. Ch"s so$"et* has 0e$ome 3e'*a$t"3e, %0!"sh"ng a !ea'ne anna!

Ko'na!. Coa* some

Documents

George Noel Gordon Lord Byron