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Geothermal Heating and Cooling
A New Way to Realize the Benefits
October 2017 Christopher A. Cavanagh, PE
Reforming the Energy Vision (REV)
Framework
Creating market-based
sustainable products and
services.
Enabling distributed
energy resources to
manage load and
optimize systems.
Empowering customers
to manage energy use
and reduce energy bills.
REV Core Policy
Outcomes
Customer Knowledge
Market Animation
System Efficiency
Fuels and Resource Diversity
System Reliability & Resiliency
Carbon Reduction
REV is the NYS proceeding to transform
the New York electric energy industry
2
Background{ Residential Heating
and Cooling Energy Use
• NY’s households are more than 20% higher than the national
average.
Source: Residential Energy Consumption Survey EIA 2009.
https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/reports/2009/state_briefs/pdf/ny.pdf
Co2 Equivalent Heating Emissions for
Long Island
5
Comparative Heating Costs for Long Island
Empowering Customers and Animating
Markets with Geothermal Energy Systems
What is it?
Geothermal energy systems are proven heating and
cooling systems that exchange heat underground.
Geothermal energy systems take advantage
of a near unlimited and steady access to
moderate temperature water.
Why?
Customers
The net affect for customers is a very high effective efficiency for
heating and cooling with savings of more than 70% for heating
and 30% for cooling
One unit provides heating & cooling (all inside & less floor space)
Societal
Substantial direct and indirect benefits in terms of environmental
improvement and economic development.
Utility peak load management (gas and electric)
6
Support for Current Policy
Access to low cost heating
Declines in the cost of natural gas has led to a significant
reduction in heating costs only where gas service is available
There is a sharp discontinuity in heating costs where natural
gas service can be made available and where it can not.
Environment
NY State has adopted a goal of 80% carbon reduction by 2050.
A geothermal system alone can reduce LI greenhouse gas
emissions by more than 60%1 in CO2 equivalent
Economic Development
While savings are significant, Geothermal systems have a
substantially higher capital cost which favors job creation.(1) calculated for Zone K (Long Island) Marginal Emission emissions rates for generation and SEER of 32 for cooling
and SCOP 4.7 for electric heating compared to new conventional 80% oil fired boiler and SEER 12 A/C.
7
Strong Recent Local Community Support
8
NYC Intro 609 of 2015Valley Stream, 9/14/2015
Geothermal Heating and Cooling
Common Undergrounds Assets
“The primary GHP market failure is the expectation that building
owners finance the ―GHP infrastructure, or outside-the-building
portion of the GHP system, such as the ground heat exchanger.”
“Geothermal (Ground-Source) Heat Pumps: Market Status, Barriers to Adoption, and Actions to Overcome Barriers”
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL/TM-2008/232 December 2008
Background on National Grid
National Grid – New Energy Solutions
NES – We are an agile team focused on developing and launching innovative solutions and technologies that unlock value for National Grid’s customers and communities, accelerating progress towards a sustainable future
What can we do for our customers and communities
What about those that are in our communities but can’t serve them today
Test and Learn Demonstration approved through 2016 KEDLI Rate Case (16-G-0059)
Geothermal Demonstration
Many NY residents do not have immediate access to clean Natural Gas
Rely on higher carbon fuels
Alternative to new gas infrastructure?
Physical installation of geothermal heat pump (GHP) systems.
Determine
Technical and economically viability of GHPs
Evaluate the installation and operating costs
Viable option to mitigate growing peak demand for natural gas
Viable option to provide low-cost heating to unserved gas communities or
gas constrained areas
Potential for utility ownership or other business models
GSHP are tested and have performance ratings from AHRI. However if the
underground geothermal heat exchangers are poorly design, it can affect
the overall system.
Evaluate potential benefit streams including:
Customer energy savings
Gas utility benefits
Electric utility summer peak load and winter baseload
Environmental and social benefits
Timing: GHP systems installed in Glenwood Village for the 2017/2018 heating season
Gas REV Geothermal Demonstration
Project Objectives
Potential Benefits of a Shared Loop
Capital Efficiency
Minimize Mobilization Costs
Proactive loop construction
Larger scale projects
Customers join systems over
time when they are ready
Independent financing of the
loops/s not dependent on energy
throughput
Longer term and lower costs
financing for loop than heat pump
Energy Efficiency
Efficiency benefits if there
is simultaneous heating
and cooling
Heat pump equipment
operational coincidence
Gas REV Geothermal Demonstration
Glenwood Village Loop Field Design
A Long Island Collaboration
14
Design Build Contractor Customer
Monitoring and
Verification
Cost Share and Pre-
installation Energy Audits
Geothermal Heating and Cooling at Glenwood Village: Technical Description
Deep Earth Temperature (TG) – 55 °F
The Average annual ground temperature below 20 ft. in this region remains at this constant temperature
Formation Thermal Conductivity – 1.63 BTU/hr-ft-°F
Physical property of the ground that determines how easily heat can pass through it
Knowing this value is a prerequisite for a properly designed geothermal system
Formation Thermal Diffusivity – ≈ 1.21 ft2/day
Physical property of the ground that determines the speed of heat propagation by conduction
The higher the value, the faster the heat is diffused into the ground
Undisturbed Formation Temperature – ≈54.1°F – 55.9°F
This is the temperature at the bottom of the borehole if undisturbed or 24 to 36 hours after the borehole is left alone
This temperature is important to determine the thermal grouting mixture required to set
The Geothermal Heat Exchanger
20 boreholes using 1.25 inch High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipes at an average vertical depth of 225 feet. That’s approximately 9,000 feet of pipes
combined.
20 boreholes will be connected to a main manifold feeder to provide service to 10 individual homes at Glenwood Village
Long Island Geology
Region H UG – Upper
Glacier
Gc – Gardiners
Clay
Mg – Monmouth
Group
M – Magothy
Aquifer
Rc – Raritan Clay
L – Lloyd Aquifer
Br – Bedrock
Magothy Aquifer is
the main drinking
source for Suffolk
and half of Nassau
Gas REV Geothermal Demonstration
Geothermal Offering at Glenwood Village Geothermal heating and cooling
Diverse generation of manufactured
homes from the 1970s to 2017
Building sizes range from 1,008 sq. ft. to 1,566 sq. ft.
Some Homes required home improvements. PSEG LI provided
free audits
Diverse heating and cooling behaviors and requirements
Properly sized individual homes with Manual J Load
Calculations
Geothermal heat pumps
Featuring Enertech Hydron Modules
High efficiency unit available on the market
Packaged – EER 31.3 COP 5.1
Split system- EER 25.3 COP 4.2
Gas REV Geothermal Demonstration
United Way Long Island – Homeless Housing
for Veterans – Group Home
Medford NY – Status: Planned
Single Family Residential Low-Income Housing
United Way Mission to building sustainable homes to be healthy,
easily maintained, and energy efficient
ENERGY STAR rated home
Future proofing energy costs for low-incoming homeowners
Offering at for United Way and Association for Mental Health and Wellness
Geothermal Ground heat Exchanger 3 Ton system individual system
Featuring WaterFurnance 7 Series
Desuperheater for DHW
Highest efficiency unit available on the market
Packaged EER=37 COP=5.3
Source: http://www.unitedwayli.org/HousingandGreenBuilding
Future Financial Options
Below Ground (70% of Cost)
Under public and/or private property
Options evaluated (one or more)
Initially a Utility Asset
(capital and O&M)
New Connection Tariff (similar to 100ft rule for gas service)
Fixed Monthly Access fee (not metered)
Third-party ownership
NY Green Bank
Shared Savings
Above Ground (30% of Cost)
Consumer Financing
30% Federal Tax Credit
Low-interest financing possible through the Home Performance with
ENERGY STAR®
ETIP
19
Ueful life
Typical
Tax
Asset
Heat Pump 15-20 yrs 5 yrs
Gas Piping 40-50 yrs 20 yrs
Going Forward
With your help we can lead the way in creating the
climate for change
