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ESL Essentials for Mainstream

Teachers

TASIS England Middle School

March 2011

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Modifying Instruction for ESL Students

Simplify the language of instruction, not the conceptbeing taught.

Impart information through oral, visual, auditory, andkinesthetic modalities.

Adapt content to ESL student needs through use ofgraphic organizers, outlines, labeling of pictures, studyguides, adapted text, and highlighted text.

Use supplementary materials to promotecomprehension. These include charts, graphs, pictures,illustrations, realia, math manipulatives, multimedia,and demonstrations by teachers and other students.

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More suggestions

Build background knowledge before teaching a lesson. Helpstudents build connections and associations in order toassess background knowledge or previously taughtinformation.

Directly teach learning strategies. Demonstrate how toorganize information, how to select the main idea andsupporting details, and how to sequence and summarize.

Use techniques such as marking essential concepts andvocabulary with a highlighter, labeling, using word banks,and organizing information on various types of graphicorganizers, maps, graphs, and time lines.

Make the explanation of the task clear and in a step-by-step manner with visuals.

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And finally..

Make sure that key vocabulary is emphasized byunderlining, bolding, or putting in italics. New vocabularymust be presented in context. Limit the number of newvocabulary words in any given lesson.

Pair with peer partners. Cooperative learning groupsprovide the ESL student with varying language and learningstyle experiences within the content classroom.

Allow the student to use his or her mother tongue to takenotes, copy notes, make page notations, or to clarifyinstructions with other speakers of the language. Mothertongue maintenance is very important to increasing literacyand helps in transfer to English, especially if the mothertongue is based on Latin roots. Encourage reading inmother tongue to reinforce content if possible.

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Assessing English Language Learners

Reduce response materials for content area testing.Example: two choices instead of four.

Provide a version of the test with simplified language.

Choose key and/or main ideas for assessment.

Simplify directions.

Read test questions aloud.

Supply word banks for tests.

Provide matching activities.

Extend time to complete the tests.

Use a portfolio to authentically assess studentprogress.