Geriatric Nursing Week2

8/6/2019 Geriatric Nursing Week2

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Care of the Chronically Ill and the

Older Persons

ELECTIVE

BSN 14B

June 15, 011

Madeline N. Gerzon

Clinical Instructor

Davao Doctors College


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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Listen to the agedFor they will tell you about living

and dying.For they will enlighten you aboutproblem-solving, sexuality, grief,

sensory deprivation, and survival.For they will teach you how to becourageous, loving and generous.

~

Irene Burnside, 1975~


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CORE VALUES & PRINCIPLES OF

GERIATRICS and GERONTOLOGICALNURSING

Health promotion Health protection

Disease prevention

Treatment of diseases


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Nurses help via three levels of

preventionPrimary Health

Promotion

Education, nutritionalassessment and guidance,

exercise prescriptions,

avoidance of tobacco,

moderation of alcohol andlimiting exposure or

avoiding known carcinogens


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prevention

Secondary- Early Diagnosis & Prompt

Treatment

Screening questions and health assessment,referral for examination and testing & disease

cure and aggressive treatment to limit

disability and disease progression.


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prevention

Tertiary- Restoration and Rehabilitation

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation (Physical,

occupational, speech and recreationaltherapy), short term placement in rehabilitation

facilities or aggressive in-home rehabilitation,

appropriate services and aids to increase

independence ( walkers, cane)


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THEORIES OF AGING


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Purpose Of Nursing Theory

Leads to prediction

Provides process and understanding

Must be holistic and take intoaccount all that impacts on a personthroughout a lifetime of aging


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Myths of Aging


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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011AgingThe Pros In some societies, old

age is revered for thewisdom and knowledge

But, most people wouldprefer somehow to

keep the option of notexperiencing all theeffects of growing old.


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AgingThe Cons

Characterized by loss ofteeth, taste and of thepleasures of eating and

drinking.

Visiting the dentist, anactivity not looked forwardto by most

Greater physical andemotional challenge forthe elderly.


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Myths of Aging

Being old means being sick

Older people are set in their waysand cannot learn new things

You cant teach an old dog new

tricks


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Myths of Aging

Health promotion is wasted on

older people

Elderly do not pull their own weight


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Myths of Aging

Dirty old man

Disease and disability are aninevitable part of aging


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Myths of aging lead to:

Ageism is the disliking of

aging and older people basedon the belief that aging makes

people unattractive,

unintelligent andunproductive.


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Myths of aging lead to:

Reduced healthcare services

Segregation of elders frommainstream society

Nurse recruitment difficulties


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Theories of Aging


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Aging Theories

Cultural, spiritual, regional,socioeconomic, educational,

environmental factors, and healthstatus impact the older adultsperceptions and choices about their

health care needs


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Types of Theories

Psychosocial

Sociological

Biological


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Types of Theories

Encompass psychological andsociological theories

Psychological: How mental processes,emotions, attitudes, motivation, andpersonality influence adaptation tophysical and social demands


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Types of Theories

Erik EriksonGenerativity vs. stagnation

Busy with creative and meaningful work

"be in charge fear of inactivity

meaninglessness

Mid-life crisis

self-absorbed and stagnate


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Types of Theories

Erik Erikson

Integrity vs. despair Happiness and content Fulfilled with a deep sense that life

has meaning

Made a contribution to life perceived failure - despair


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Maslows Hierarchy of Human

Needs Theory


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Maslows theory

Although Maslow doesntspecifically address old age, it is

clear that physical, economic,social, and environmentalconstraints can impede needfulfillment of older adults.


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Types of Theories

Sociological theories How changing roles, relationships,

and status within a culture orsociety impact the older adultsability to adaptVgotsky


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Types of Theories

Sociological theories Activity theory central theme that

remaining active in old age isdesirable

Disengagement theory

characterized by gradualwithdrawal from society andrelationships (reciprocalwithdrawal)


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Types of Theories

Sociological theories Continuity Theory

Successful aging involves

maintaining or continuingprevious values, habits,preferences, family ties, and allother linkages that formed basic

underlying structure of adult life.


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Types of Theories

Biological theories Explain the physiologic processes

that change with aging


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Types of Theories

Biological theoriesSenescence progressive

deterioration of body systems thatcan increase risk of mortality


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Types of Theories

Biological theories Senescence

process by which the capacity forcell division, growth and function islost over time, ultimately leading toan incompatibility with life

process of senescence terminatesin death.


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Types of Theories

Biological theories

Free Radical Theory aging caused

by effects of free radicals

Wear and Tear Theory cumulative

changes occurring in cells age anddamage cellular metabolism


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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Free Radical Theory

Oxygen metabolism free radicals

Damages cell membranes

Lipofuscin

What are antioxidants?

Vitamins C and E


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DNA Theories

Human Genome Project

Telomeres


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Immunity Theory

Immune response

Immune self-regulatory

Body defenses


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Types of Theories

Biological theories

Programmed theories

Genetic codes containing

instructions for the regulation of

cellular reproduction and death


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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Hayflick Limit Theory


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Nursing Theories

Need to take human aging into

consideration

Need to develop a more situation-specific theory of aging to guide practice


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Functional Consequences Theory

A guiding framework that would address

older adults with physical impairment

and disability

Nursings role is to minimize age-

associated disability in order to enhance

safety and quality of living


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Theory of Thriving

Based on the concept of failure to

thrive and application of thriving to

the experience of well-being amongfrail elders living in nursing homes


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Theory of Thriving

Nurses identify and modify factors that

contribute to disharmony among a

person and his or her physicalenvironment and personal relationships

Documents

Geriatric Nursing Week2