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German Capitulation War Weary Warriors, Wounded and Weak, Surrender
Armistice and Peace As a condition of an armistice, Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated on
November 9, 1918 Army and Navy had, to varying degrees mutinied or disintegrated Social Democrats declared a republic to prevent soviet style
government ARMISTICE November 11, 1918
Armistice
November 11, 1918 11th hour of 11th day of 11th month Railroad car in Compiegne, France
Treaty of Versailles1919
Versailles … Hall of Mirrors
The BIG FOUR
Woodrow Wilson
USA David Lloyd George
Great Britain
Georges Clemenceau
France
Vittorio Orlando
Italy
German Territorial Losses
Reparations Reparations are money paid by the losers to winners after a
war (for damages) Germany was ordered to pay $33 billion This was insisted upon by France and Britain No way they could pay
Disarmament Germany was disarmed (declawed) made completely
defenseless Army capped at 100,000 Navy limited to 6 battleships and 13,500 men NO airplanes, NO submarines, NO artillery
WAR GUILT This was arguably the most destructive element of the treaty Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles stated that “Germany
was solely guilty of having started the war.” This placed all the blame on them for EVERYTHING Germans HATED this
Allied Reaction to Treaty Italy – Angry that they were denied land as promised in the
Treaty of London (1915) France – Angry that Germany was not humiliated and punished
more Japan – Angry that they were not treated as a great power even
though they got Germany’s Pacific colonies USA – Angry that Wilson tried to pull the country into world
affairs against its will
Great Britain Britain – Generally happy
Germany weakened as a naval competitor Germany weakened as an economic competitor Germany still viable enough to help limit France Britain got many of German colonial possessions in Africa
New Countries in EUROPE
1. Finland2. Estonia3. Lithuania4. Latvia5. Poland6. Czechoslovakia7. Hungary8. Austria9. Yugoslavia
Other Points of Contention Rhineland
Demilitarized NO Germany military along
border with France
Polish Corridor Splits Germany Gives away Germany’s
largest port city
Versailles
Germany
Back in the USA Even though he was
disappointed with the Treaty of Versailles, Woodrow Wilson came home wanting it ratified by the Senate
The United States Senate must RATIFY (approve) any treaty by a 2/3 majority
American IsolationismAmerican Isolationism5 Isolationists like Senator
Lodge, refused to allow the US to sign the Versailles Treaty.
5 Senate offered amendments BUT Wilson refused
5 Senate REJECTED the Treaty of Versailles
5 USA NEVER ratifies it
5 USA NEVER in League of Nations
5 We say NONO Sen. Henry Cabot Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr. [R-MA]Lodge, Sr. [R-MA]
Wilson’s Collapse
In a defiant effort to get the Senate to reconsider, Wilson went across the country trying to get the people on his side
He became exhausted, collapsed, suffered a stroke He was an invalid the rest of his term
1920 Election (D) James Cox Wanted Senate to
reconsider treaty He agreed with Wilson A vote for James Cox was
saying “yes” to Treaty and League of Nations
(R) Warren Harding Isolationist Rejected League and
Treaty “Return to Normalcy”
Results of 1920 Election HARDING WINS!!! Voters reject League and
reject internationalism We want to go back to
isolationism
Warren Harding … “return to normalcy”