German Cartoon:“Fit for active service!”,

1918

German Cartoon:“Fit for active service!”,

1918

11 a.m., November 11, 1918

11 a.m., November 11, 1918

The Armistice is Signed!

WWI Casualties (includes wounded/maimed as well)WWI Casualties (includes wounded/maimed as well)

01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000

10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS

Paris Peace Conference (Jan. 1919)

“The Big Three”

German Territorial Losses: 1919-1921

League of Nations Mandates in Africa

Europe after the Peace Settlement

IMPACT OF PEACE SETTLEMENT:

NOBODY WAS HAPPY!!!! (Mo’ Nations, Mo’ Problems)

Frustrations over settlement lead directly to fascism, Nazism & World War II

Birth of the modern Middle East conflict

Otto Dix

Prague Street

1920

The “Stabbed in the Back” Theory

Disgruntled German WWI veteransDisgruntled German WWI veterans

The French in the Ruhr: 1923

The

German Mark

The German Mark

The Dawes Plan (1924)

Treaty of Locarno (1925)

Austin Chamberlain (Br.)Austin Chamberlain (Br.)

AristideBriand

(Fr.)

AristideBriand

(Fr.)

GustaveStresemann(Ger.)

GustaveStresemann(Ger.)

Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.

Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.

Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.

Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.

League of Nations Members

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

15 nations committed to outlawing aggression and war for settling disputes.

Problem no way of enforcement.

15 nations committed to outlawing aggression and war for settling disputes.

Problem no way of enforcement.

The Great Depression (1929-41)

Paris in 1930Paris in 1930

London in 1930London in 1930

Black Tuesday (Oct.29, 1929)

European Debts to the United States

The Depression & World Trade (1929-32)

Mass Unemployment during the Depression

Most Successful Response to Depression: Scandinavian

Countries Social Democrats control the government

substantial welfare programs for workers & peasants

used large-scale deficits to fund public works

high taxes on rich & large bureaucracy

A MIDDLE WAY BETWEEN CAPITALISM & SOCIALISM!

Political Representation:

Weimar Germany

(1920-33)

Political Parties in the Reichstag

May 1924

Dec. 1924

May1928

Sep.1930

July1932

Nov.1932

Mar.1933

Communist Party (KPD) 62 45 54 77 89 100 81

Social Democratic Party (SDP)

100 131 153 143 133 121 120

Catholic Centre Party (BVP)

81 88 78 87 97 90 93

Nationalist Party (DNVP)

95 103 73 41 37 52 52

Nazi Party (NSDAP) 32 14 12 107 230 196 288

Other Parties 102 112 121 122 22 35 23