GET AIR AT THE SILO OPERATIONS MANUAL

Course Operations Manual

Designer / Manufacturer:

Phone: 970-255-7393 Fax: 970-255-6741

Email: info@bonsai-design.com

Web: www.bonsai-design.com

Operator: Get Air at the Silo, LLC

Course: Get Air at the Silo

Bonsai Design System: Challenge Course / Drop Tower

First Edition: March 02, 2017

Second Edition: Third Edition:

Fourth Edition:

Addendums:

Bonsai Design

201 South Avenue Grand Junction, CO 81501

Copyright © 2014 by Bonsai Design

- All Rights Reserved -

No part of this work covered by the copyrights herein may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems - without prior written permission of the copyright holder – except for internal use by Operator for the specified course and Bonsai Design System.

Application and Disclaimer

The Operations Manual defines the Designer / Manufacturer specifications for technical operation of the course. The manual is an integral and non-separable set of limitations, requirements, specifications, and protocols that must be followed while operating the installed course.

The course has been designed with the specific intention of being operated in accordance with the guidelines prescribed in the manual. The operating instructions provided allow for the most basic understanding and facilitation of the installed operating systems. The manual contains information the author believes to be reliable, current, and best practice. However, the manual is not exhaustive, though practices for normal course operations are described. Where elaboration is needed, the Operator is always encouraged to seek out practices and standards most prudent for the operation of their course as long as they meet or exceed the practices described in the manual. Similarly, the guidance provided in this edition of the Manual (and its most current Addendums) supersedes all previous editions and earlier manifestations. The instructions and guidelines are to be understood as directives, not recommendations. Where recommendations are appropriate, the phrase “the Manufacturer recommends” will precede it.

Any material deviation from the limitations, requirements, and specifications in the provided Manual shall constitute a limitation of liability on the behalf of Bonsai Design and may reduce or eliminate the responsibility of Bonsai Design, legal and otherwise, for the safety and welfare of staff and participants on the course.

Course Manufacturer Mission Statement

Bonsai Design holds most paramount course integrity, equipment integrity, and participant safety. Many other factors, however, distinguish a Bonsai course. Attention to detail, creative exploration of the environment, skilled staff, and innovative systems all reflect a Bonsai designed and built course. It is the Bonsai Design mission that every course upholds this high standard and operates as a role model for the industry.

Thrill, excitement, and challenge often bring participants to the course, but the ultimate goal should be to provide a lasting participant experience through seamless operations, knowledgeable staff, and an interpretive dialogue.

Definition of Documents

Operations Manual

Author: Designer / Manufacturer

The Operations Manual defines the Designer / Manufacturer specifications for technical operation of the course. The manual is an integral and non-separable set of limitations, requirements, specifications, and protocols that must be followed while operating the installed course.

The course has been designed with the specific intention of being operated in accordance with the guidelines prescribed in the manual. The operating instructions provided allow for the most basic understanding and facilitation of the installed operating systems. If variances from the provided guidelines are requested by the Operator, these will be detailed, approved in writing by the Manufacturer, and included as an Addendum to the Operations Manual.

Local Operating Procedures

Author: Operator or Third Party Consultant

Local Operating Procedures expound upon the Operations Manual with all of the policies and procedures necessary for the most effective operation of the course and the Operator Organization. Local Operating Procedures must always meet or exceed the specifications set forth in the Operations Manual.

An Operations Manual alone will not allow for smooth operations and effective risk management on the course. It is the Operator’s responsibility to detail such site-specific items as course administration, employment policies, job descriptions, communication systems, and Incident Response Plans.

Practitioner Skills Handbook

Author: Training Organization

Bonsai Design as the Manufacturer / Designer of the Course, recommends that the Operator utilize Bonsai Design for all staff training, including, but not limited to, initial and ongoing training. If the organization chooses not to use Bonsai Design Training, qualified training must be provided to all staff.

The Bonsai Design Practitioner Skills Handbook provides instruction related to the skill sets and competencies expected of a Practitioner or Guide on the course. The Handbook covers a broad variety of systems and activities that the Training Organization has manufactured or had experience with. It does not cover all possible systems and it is not intended to be utilized for those systems not covered.

The Handbook is also not stand alone and does not replace proper and adequate training. The Handbook supports the training process and improves the learning experience. The Operations Manual supports the most basic of course operation while the Practitioner Skills Handbook (and associated training) supports well-rounded, confident, and competent staff.

Industry Standards & Regulating Bodies

Overview

Course operations should develop according to a hierarchy of regulations. In the United States, the order follows that ‘Laws’ are greater than ‘Standards’ which are greater than ‘Common Industry Practices.’ Operators shall seek to comply with these concepts where mandated and make informed decisions on utilizing the guidelines that are not mandated.

The industry is making large strides towards more regulation, and regulations change frequently in municipalities, states, and on the federal level. There are currently no federal regulations governing the Aerial Adventure Course industry except for those written in the ‘Ski Area Recreational Opportunity Enhancement Act of 2011.’ Regulations are dictated by the jurisdiction of the city, county, and state where the project is occurring. It is encouraged to start at the state level, as their regulations will most likely guide the complete regulatory process. Furthermore, it is imperative that both Designer / Manufacturers and Owner / Operators have a clear understanding of the program’s goals and essential focus, as this will often play a role in compliance.

Primary Regulators

The current primary regulatory bodies in the industry and their particular focus is described below: · ANSI – A regulatory authority on the writing of standards, which approves the process and methodology of

other groups writing standards. · ASTM – A company which writes standards to then sell to privately run for-profit organizations. · ACCT – A trade organization focused specifically on developing standards pertaining to the Aerial Adventure

Course industry. · US Forest Service – Regulatory Agency for Land Use

Additional Regulatory Bodies

Operators shall be aware of developments, and how they apply to the installed course, within the following organizations:

· ACCT – Association for Challenge Course Technology (www.acctinfo.org) · ASTM – American Society for Testing and Materials (www.astm.org) · ANSI – American National Standards Institute (www.ansi.org) · ASME – American Society of Mechanical Engineers (www.asme.org) · OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration (www.osha.gov) · U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission – Playground Standards (www.cpsc.gov) · IBC – International Building Code: Adopted by most counties to regulate “any structure that supports people.”

(www.iccsafe.org) · UNOLS – Rope and Cable Safe Working Load Standard (www.unols.org) · SPRAT – Safe Practices for Rope Access Work (www.sprat.org) · ICOP – International Code of Practice (IRATA –guidelines for safe working) (www.irata.org) · ISO – International Organization for Standards (www.iso.org) · CWA – Climbing Wall Association (www.climbingwallindustry.org) · CEN – European Committee for Standardization · TSSA – Canada: Technical Standards and Safety Authority

Within the Operations Manual, standards resources that the Manufacturer feels to provide the most appropriate guidance or elaboration will be listed.

Glossary of Terms

All Stop – See Terminus Block; may provide a capture system/housing for the Emergency Arrest Device.

Automatic Brake - A brake which functions without user input. Also known as a Passive Brake System

Belay Cable - A cable approved for use in fall protection, access, and participant safety.

Belay Keeper - A lanyard system that accompanies a Belay or Fall Protection System in order to define the location of participant lanyards and restrict the travel of participants.

Belay Spool - A device used to rappel from a course. Belay Spools use the friction of multiple rope wraps to better control participant descent. They are constructed similar to a pulley, but with a fixed sheave.

Brake Cable - A Critical cable that is strategically installed to provide optimal position for the Op-Point.

Brake Line - The section of the continuous loop in the Brake System used to pull the brake Shuttle into position for braking. This component allows the Owner/Operator to set the brake and apply friction to the system.

Brake Rope - The rope that is used to create the continuous loop of the Brake System. It is divided into the three following sections: Brake Line, Return Line, Tag Line.

Brake Bobbin – A type of Brake Shuttle.

Brake Shuttle - The device that travels on the zip line serving as the initial point of impact for the Braking System.

Brake System - An arrangement of primary and emergency brakes that are designed to function together.

Clearance Concern - A scenario where a participant on a zip line comes unacceptably close to the ground or other dangerous hazards.

Controlled Belay - The ability to control tension or slack in a rigging situation with an appropriate device.

Decking - The actual board members which constitute the surface of a platform.

DEUS device - A manufactured controlled descent device that provides for minimal instruction and interaction with the participant.

Dual Cable System - A zip line system that involves a pair of cables that allows for greater redundancy and a smoother ride.

Emergency Arrest Device (EAD) – A Bonsai Design manufactured component that serves as an Emergency Brake on zip lines using an EAS.

Emergency Arrest System – Comprised of a compatible Brake Bobbin, EAD and an All-Stop Terminus Block, the system is a single cable brake system where participant passive / automatic braking systems are used. The system works to arrest a Rider’s speed in normal operation and emergency situations when there is a failure of the primary brake. Bonsai Design’s components also integrate to expedite patron retrievals and dismount from the zip line.

Emergency Brake - A brake located on a zip line that is engaged upon failure of the primary brake, with no input from the zip line participant, in order to prevent serious injury or death resulting from primary brake failure. Also known as an Emergency Arrest Device

Essential Eligibility Criteria (EEC) – See Participant Requirements Section 1.6.1

Fall Arrest - The action or event of stopping a free fall, or the instant where the downward free fall has been stopped.

Fall Protection System - Any device or system that prevents an accidental fall from elevation or that mitigates the effect of such a fall.

Fall Restraint - The technique of securing a person to a lanyard short enough to prevent that person’s center of gravity reaching the fall hazard.

Fall Restraint System - A device or devices, including any necessary components, that intends to prevent a person from reaching a fall hazard.

Fixed EAD – An Emergency Arrest Device that is fixed (clamped) on a zip wire on the landing zone in a position to prevent serious injury or death in the event of Primary Brake failure.

FlightLine Commercial Descent Device - A device that provides up to 30 feet of freefall before automatically lowering participants to the ground at a controlled rate and then retracts back into its housing.

Foot Cable - A cable installed in Sky-Bridge construction that supports the treads and decking. Also, a single cable on a challenge course that is traversed by foot.

Ground-Based Element - An element of a canopy tour or challenge course which serves as a link between the aerial aspects of the course and the ground below, including structural platforms, ramps, ladders, ramps, etc.

Ground School - Participants are briefed on the skills they will be responsible for while on course.

Ground Support Staff - Staff located within a 15-minute response time to any point in the course.

Growth Block - A type of shim block installed in conjunction with platform ledgers that allows installers to create a marrying shape accommodating the organic tree shape to the flat Lag Plate. These blocks add stability to the system, especially with smaller trees, and they allow for a tree’s growth without intruding upon its structure. Along the lifespan of a course, these blocks may eventually be removed.

Guide Retrieval Line - A rope attached to the EAD that allows staff to manipulate and control the position of the EAD.

Guy Block Set - A block set installed in a tree that serves as a termination point for a guy cable and protection for the tree. These are often slated for large and custom trees and often require field-drilling the cable holes.

Guy Cable System - The total system of installed guy cables providing adequate stability and flexibility to a course station or tree.

Guy Tree - The remote tree to which a guy cable is connected.

Hand Cable - One of two cables installed in a Sky-Bridge construction that create the upper supports of the bridge while providing participants with something to hold onto. Can also be installed onto a challenge course to give support to participants while traversing.

Incoming / Outgoing Cable - Terms used to describe the directions of zip line operations at the station.

In-Line Brake Cable - A cable that runs parallel and above a zip line that provides a place to anchor the Brake System. These are often used when no trees are available.

Landing Area - The area provided for arrest and dismount at the end of an element, or the most important area of a Canopy Tour platform where zip line riders will arrive.

Leading Edge - The foremost portion of an object, or the first portion of an object encountered by a person travelling into its proximity.

Ledger - The horizontal, load-bearing, structural members of a platform system. The platform top rests on top of the ledgers, typically on either side of a tree.

Load Zone (Loading Area) - The area on a platform that is used by guides to clip participants to the zip cables, or the exact area on a line where the equipment will be attached.

Mending Plates - A steel plate used to replace sections of platform framing members that have been removed to accommodate a tree’s trunk or branch.

Operator - The person or entity directly responsible for the operation of the element or course.

OP-Point - The Critical remote anchor point at which the primary force of the Braking System is exerted.

Owner - Person(s) with ultimate financial responsibility for the organization.

Participant Experience (PE) - The ultimate objective of any Bonsai project, the PE is the result of a successful program, which in turn is the result of a successful combination of design and operation.

Participant Requirements – Those functions that are required for all participants to engage in the activity.

Perpendicular Brake Cable - A cable installed above and mostly perpendicular to the zip line that provides a strategic location for an Op-Point.

Positioner - A cable or rope that is used to strategically locate an element.

Practitioner - A person who is trained to facilitate the activities included in an aerial adventure course.

Primary Brake - The principal brake in a zip line brake system, engaged during normal operation to arrest a person’s motion. Primary brakes include both gravity assisted brakes and other brake force-generating devices. Can be participant or staff active or passive.

Protection Zone - The basal area of a tree which deserves special protective attention in the caring for its root systems.

Pruning - The process of removing diseased, non-productive or otherwise unwanted portions of a plant or tree: removal of foliage from a zip line corridor.

Pruning Traverse - A slow and steady traverse of a zip line or belay cable by an installer for the purpose of clearing foliage.

Pulse Testing - A procedure used to measure tension in a cable, by striking the cable at one end and measuring with a stopwatch the time it takes for the pulse to return from the other end of the cable.

Qualified Person - An individual who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate or professional standing; or who by possession of extensive knowledge, training and or experience in the subject field; has successfully demonstrated ability in design, analysis, evaluation, installation, inspection, specification or training in the subject work, project or product, to the extent established by this Standard.

Qualified Third Party - A qualified person not directly employed by the owner, original equipment manufacturer (OEM) or vendor and not offering other services to the organization.

QUICKjunp Free Fall Device - A device that provides varying amounts of freefall before automatically lowering participants to the ground at a controlled rate and then retracts back into its housing.

Rappel - The use of a properly selected device to descend a rope, or descend on a rope, to the ground. On Canopy Tours, rappelling is simplified for non-expert participants.

Redundancy - A secondary means of connection, termination, or strength that is applied to Critical course components, providing a greater level of safety and confidence.

Return Line - The section of the continuous loop in the Brake System used to pull the Brake Shuttle back to the platform.

Reveal - The empty space left between decking boards and the tree once a cut has been made to allow for adequate tree growth.

Rider Corridor - The aerial space of the forest canopy that a participant occupies while traversing a zip line.

Shall - Denotes a mandatory requirement.

Should - Advised Recommended.

Single Cable System - A zip line construction technique that uses only one cable with a diameter larger than that used in a Dual Cable System.

Staff - Any person with functional responsibility for the ongoing or day-to-day operation of an organization, including administrative or technical personnel, both paid and not paid.

Suspension Clamp - A device used to suspend a load from a cable at a fixed point. These require a back-up for Critical applications.

Step-Up - A moveable course mounting and dismount device.

Tag Line - The section of rope spurring from the continuous loop in the Brake System to the Brake Shuttle that provides slack or tension in the system based on the operator’s intention. It essentially becomes an extension of the Brake Line when the brake is engaged. The Tag Line junction point is located where the two ends of the continuous loop are joined together.

Tension - The pulling force exerted by a cable, chain, or rope onto another object. Tension is measured in pounds.

Terminus Block – Located at or near the termination of a zip line, it is clamped to the cable to denote the point at which the braking system cannot pass.

Traveler System - A pulley system used to deliver a participant away from the platform perimeter or other hazardous areas.

Tree Access - The process of gaining access into a tree, which involves the placement of a High-Line and the establishment of secure anchors.

TRUBLUE Autobelay - A device that automatically lowers participants to the ground at a controlled rate and then retracts back into its housing.

Turnbuckle - A piece of hardware utilizing a threaded bolt to adjust the tensioning of a section of chain or cable.

VTA (Visual Tree Assessment) - A process that involves the identification of symptoms which a tree produces in reaction to a weak spot or area of mechanical stress. A tree reacts into mechanical and physiological stresses by growing more vigorously to reinforce weak areas, while depriving less stressed parts. It is important to view the tree as both a biological organism, for its health, and a mechanical structure, for its stability. Three principles to keep in mind are observation, recognition, and interpretation.

Wire Rope Construction - All wire ropes are made from long, thin wires wound together to create a specific construction. Wire rope is typically referred to by two numbers, with an “X” between them. The numbers denote the construction specifics, based on the amount of strands in each rope and the amount of wires in each strand. For example, a 7x19 rope has 7 strands with 19 wires in each strand.

(Work) Positioning System - An auxiliary system configured to allow a person to be supported and work with both hands free. These systems require an additional Fall Protection System.

Zip Corridor - The vertical column of space occupied by a zip line, with a measured buffer on either side. This goes from the ground up to well beyond the zip’s height.

Zip Profile - The shape of a zip line when looked at perpendicularly. Elevation change and cable deflection during travel are considerations to evaluate from this perpendicular perspective.

Zip Line - “A cable or rope line suspended between support structures enabling a participant, attached to a pulley, to traverse from one point to another.” - ACCT

Table of Contents

SECTION 1: SCOPE OF OPERATIONS

1.1. Manufacturer & Operator Responsibilities

1.1.1. The Relationship

1.1.2. The Designer / Course Manufacturer 1.1.3. The Operator 1.1.4. General Summary of Operator Requirements

1.2. Limitations of the Operations Manual 1.3. Process for Variances from the Operations Manual 1.4. Course Modifications

1.4.1. Overview

1.4.2. Minor Course Modification

1.4.3. Major Course Modification

1.4.4. Unapproved Course Modifications

1.4.5. Approved Course Modifications

1.5. Specifications

1.5.1. Specifications

1.5.2. Operating Systems

1.6. Requirements

1.6.1. Participant Requirements

1.6.2. Participant Briefings

1.6.3. Participant Safety Checks

1.6.4. Security

1.6.5. Rescue Kit Placements

1.6.6. Staffing

1.6.7. Course Usage

1.7. Limitations

1.7.1. Course Capacity

1.7.2. Cessation of Operations

1.7.3. Fall Restraint 1.7.4. Defined Areas for Fall Protection and Belay Systems

1.7.5. Participant Screening

SECTION 2: COURSE COMPONENTS

2.1. Overview

2.2. Personal Protective Equipment 2.3. Course Components

SECTION 3: INSPECTION & MAINTENANCE

3.1. Required Inspections

3.1.1. Overview

3.1.2. Acceptance Inspection

3.1.3. Professional Inspection

3.1.4. Periodic / Special Inspection

3.1.5. Daily / Pre-Use Inspections

3.1.6. Qualified Third Party Inspections / Annual Recertification

3.1.7. Documentation

3.2. Inspection Overview

3.2.1. Inspection Techniques

3.2.2. Defects

3.3. General Inspection Criteria

3.3.1. Inspection Criteria

3.3.2. Inspection Criteria for Specific Items of PPE

3.3.3. Inspection Criteria for Specific Course Components

3.4. Maintenance

3.4.1. Overview

3.4.2. Types of Maintenance

3.5. Storage & Maintenance

3.5.1. PPE

3.5.2. Course Components

SECTION 4: OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

4.1. Essential Staff Functions & Competencies

4.1.1. Overview

4.1.2. Essential Roles to Fill 4.2. Participant Briefings

4.2.1. Overview

4.2.2. Orientation

4.2.3. Ground School 4.2.4. Element Briefings

4.3. Participant Safety Checks

4.4. Participant Body Orientation

4.5. Belaying

4.5.1. Overview

4.5.2. Communication

4.5.3. Methods of Belaying and Purposes Served

4.5.4. Specified Belay Methods

4.6. Life Safety Systems

4.6.1. Identifying Appropriate Anchor Points

4.6.2. General Transfer Sequence Criteria

4.6.3. Fall Restraint Systems and Element Traverse

4.6.4. Challenge Elements

4.6.5. Vertical Fall Arrest Systems

4.6.6. Angled Lifeline Systems

4.6.7. Rappel Systems

4.7. Technical Rescues

4.7.1. Overview

4.7.2. Evacuation Procedures

4.7.3. Communication

4.7.4. Platform Lower Down

4.7.5. Simul-Lower / Pick-Off SECTION 5: LOCAL OPERATING PROCEDURES & RECORD KEEPING

5.1. Local Operating Procedures

5.2. Course Documentation

5.2.1. Risk Management, Compliance, and Training

5.2.2. Incident Response Plans

5.3. Required Records

Appendix 1: Course Map

Appendix 2: PPE and Rescue Kits

2.1. PPE Marking and Labeling Guidelines

2.1.1. Overview

2.1.2. Labeling Criteria for Specific Items of PPE

Appendix 3: Sample Inspection and Maintenance Documentation

3.1. Daily Operations Checklist 3.2. Course Inspection Form

3.3. Rope Log

3.4. PPE Issues and Maintenance Log

3.5. Course Issues and Maintenance Log

Appendix 4: Local Operating Procedures (LOP) 4.1. Sample LOP Outline

Appendix 5: Addendums

5.1. Specialty Operating Instructions

5.2. Variances

5.3. Course Modifications

5.4. Course Additions

SECTION 1: SCOPE OF OPERATIONS

1.1. Manufacturer & Operator Responsibilities

1.1.1. The Relationship

The inherent nature of the relationship between Operators and Manufacturers involves many intricacies that are established at the origination of the project. In discussing program goals, varying in subject from participant numbers, course cycles, participant criteria and challenge levels, the Operator and Designer work together in a partnership intended to meet specific demands geared towards a successful operation that focuses on mitigating risks. The following sections clearly describe the specific responsibilities of both parties.

1.1.2. The Designer / Course Manufacturer

Through working with the aforementioned program goals and the site-specific environment (considering terrain, elevations, forest types and other interesting features), designers work to create a unique, compelling, creative and safe course design that will allow the Operator to facilitate specific programs. The Designer / Course Manufacturer is responsible for the following:

· Designing and installing a course that suits the Operator’s program goals. · Installing the course in compliance with applicable industry standards, including the use of materials,

techniques, and safe working practices. · Providing the Operator with a documented Acceptance Inspection prior to Commissioning. · Providing the Operator with an Operations Manual, which establishes limitations, requirements, and specific

installation records to be accessible throughout the life of the course. The Operations Manual will provide manufacturer guidelines on inspection and maintenance procedures as well as descriptions and summaries of use for primary course components.

1.1.3. The Operator

The Operator is responsible for the following:

· Abiding by the limitations, requirements, and specifications set forth in the site-specific Operations Manual. · Staying aware of applicable industry standards, including, but not limited to, the ACCT and ASTM. Additionally,

adhering to these standards and regulations when it is mandatory at the municipal, state, or federal level. · Providing staff with an initial training program, as well as on-going training programs, to ensure required staff

competencies. · Ensuring the proper inspections (Professional Inspections, Periodic Inspections, and Pre-Use Inspections) are

timely, properly implemented, and documented by qualified personnel (see the Inspection section of the Manual).

· Ensuring that all maintenance is performed by a qualified person or persons. · Ensuring the proper implementation of all Operating Instructions as defined in this Operations Manual. · Ensuring that proper document management systems are in place, and that all required documentation is

accounted for.

1.1.4. General Summary of Operator Requirements

· Adhere to all specified Participant Requirements - See Section 1.6.1. · Adhere to all Participant Briefing Requirements - See Section 1.6.2. · Perform Participant Safety Checks · Adhere to all Course Usage specifications - See Section 1.6.7. · Perform specified Inspections - See Section 3.1. · Perform specified Maintenance Procedures · Adhere to all specified Cessation of Course Operations specifications - See Section 1.7.2. · Train staff to comply with applicable regulatory bodies

1.2. Limitations of the Operations Manual

As outlined in the Definition of Documents, utilizing the Operations Manual alone will not provide for safe and effective operation of the course. An efficient, effective, and profitable course needs systems to manage risk and the Operator organization.

The Operator shall do the following for course operation: · Develop clear and thorough Local Operating Procedures including, but not limited to, the items outlined in the

Local Operating Procedures section of this Operations Manual. In order to achieve compliance with ASTM F2959 Section 5, these Local Operating Procedures shall serve as Operational Fact Sheet (Operating Document) that shall include the specific information as detailed in ASTM F2959 Section 5.5.

· Utilize a third party, Association for Challenge Course Technology (or other reputable standards organization if outside of the United States) Certified Inspector or a Qualified Person working under a Certified Inspector for all inspection services.

· Provide adequate staff training for effective course operations. · Utilize the Course Manufacturer or a member of the Course Manufacturer Training Cooperative for any

practitioner staff training. The Operator may also contract a training provider approved in writing by the Manufacturer after sufficient overlap between the Course Manufacturer and the training provider.

· Utilize the Course Manufacturer for any maintenance or course upgrade services. · Stay current in their education on laws, standards, and industry practices and comply with these where

necessary. See the Standards and Regulating Bodies section for further information.

The Course Manufacturer recommends that the Operator: · Upgrade their course and equipment as new, proven systems are developed. · Utilize third party certification for course staff. · Seek advanced training for key organizational employees. · Seek outside consulting for development of proven operational systems for their courses. · Utilize the Manufacturer for inspections, maintenance, updates, training, certification, and operational

consulting. The Designer / Course Manufacturer has the most intimate knowledge of the course and how its systems can best be utilized.

The course is comprised of a system of components, and Bonsai Design is not the manufacturer of all components of the course. The Equipment Manufacturers of these components have often developed their own manuals and specifications for use of their equipment. The Operator shall assume the responsibility of contacting the Equipment Manufacturer for any operating instructions or notices and regularly seek out the most current available information.

1.3. Process for Variances from the Operations Manual

The Operations Manual is comprised of directives and guidelines that the Manufacturer believes the best possible practices at the time of publishing. Operators are provided a draft version of the Manual prior to Commissioning and Operator input is considered and incorporated into the Manual appropriately. The Course Manufacturer understands that changes in operational protocol may be prudent as a course develops. To allow for these changes, the Course Manufacturer has instituted a Process for Variance from the Operations Manual. The process follows the following sequence:

· The Operator and/or Course Manufacturer recognize a need to vary from the guidelines provided in the Operations Manual.

· The Operator sends a typed, signed Request for Variance on to the Course Manufacturer. If the Course Manufacturer identifies the need, then they will send a Notification of Variance to the Operator.

· The Course Manufacturer and the Operator will work together to find a low-risk, feasible solution. Ultimately, the Manufacturer reserves the right to deny or issue variances.

· If the variance is approved, the Course Manufacturer will issue a Granting of Variance document that is to be included as an Addendum to the Operations Manual. If the variance is denied, a Denial of Variance will be issued.

1.4. Course Modifications

1.4.1. Overview

Bonsai Design recognizes the ability and competency of Operators to perform minor maintenance on the course. However, to ensure that any modification does not alter the performance of the product, the following process shall be initiated by the Operator for any course modification:

· The Operator will contact the Course Manufacturer with the requested modification, maintenance item, or replacement item.

· The Course Manufacturer will approve (or deny) the request and detail the process and specifications relevant to the work.

· The Operator will document all maintenance, modifications, and/or replacements within the Course Issues and Maintenance Logs.

If the work item is recurring or an issue with the same component on a different element occurs, it is understood that this modification is already approved by the Course Manufacturer.

1.4.2. Minor Course Modification

A Minor Course Modification is any change to the courses that does not alter the structural or operational characteristics of the Element or device nor change its performance from that specified in the manufacturer’s design criteria. Examples of a Minor Course Modification would be trail work, landscaping, and/or raising or lowering a step-up for better access.

1.4.3. Major Course Modification

A Major Course Modification is any change in either the structural or operational characteristics of the Element or device that will alter its performance from that specified in the Course Manufacturer’s design criteria. An example of a Major Course Modification would be using a rope of a different size, material, or construction than originally installed by the Designer / Course Manufacturer. Anytime a Major Course Modification is performed and completed, a Professional Inspection is required.

Pursuant to local codes and jurisdictions, an inspection shall be conducted by a Qualified Person each time a major course modification is completed. (ex. In the state of Illinois, an inspection by a third party inspector shall be conducted each time a major component is modified.)

1.4.4. Unapproved Course Modifications

The course has been designed with the specific intention of being operated in accordance with the limitations, requirements, and specifications prescribed in this manual, which have been established in accordance to specific aspects of course design and installation. Any unapproved Major Course Modifications jeopardize the integrity of the installation, specific operating procedures, and overall liability of Bonsai Design, and may result in the nullification of existing contracts. Furthermore, unapproved course modifications may result in increased risk to staff and participants of the program.

1.4.5. Approved Course Modifications

Minor Course Modifications are acceptable when performed responsibly, accurately, and in a manner that does not alter the structural or operational characteristics of the Element or device nor change its performance. It is the intention that Bonsai Design will be available through an established ongoing relationship to provide consultation throughout the lifetime of the program.

1.5. Specifications

The Specifications, Requirements, and Limitations set forth below serve as a quick reference for site-specific information in regards to these three categories. Later sections of the Manual will still provide more detailed guidelines and requirements for operation with greater elaboration.

1.5.1. Specifications

Installation specifications are further detailed in the Installation Report.

Physical Location

715 South 7th Street Grand Junction, CO 81501

Acceptance Inspection Date

See Commissioning Documents

Activity

Challenge Course: “A facility or facilities consisting of one or more elements that challenge participants including zip line tours, canopy tours or aerial adventure / trekking parks.” - ANSI/ACCT 03-2016 Standard Drop Tower: A platform and/or tower based structure that consists of 1 or more controlled descent devices (ex. QUICKjump), which may include a freefall prior to the controlled descent landing.

Motion of the Activity

Challenge Course The motion of the course is human propelled and the participant dictates the motion.

Drop Tower The motion of this activity is gravity driven, with the participants being exposed to some amount of freefall before a controlled descent devices enables the person to reach the landing zone. The body position to launch and land is human propelled, and shall be monitored by staff.

Bonsai Design System

Challenge Course / Drop Tower

1.5.2. Operating Systems

Personal Protective Equipment Requirements

A harness shall meet the following criteria: · Full body harness · No Quick-release buckles on harness other than at the ventral:

o (optional) One Quick-Release buckle or carabiner and clip point that allows the shoulder chassis to part from the seat portion for easy entry of guest

· Full-strength hard-points at dorsal and ventral · Dorsal hardware to point up and not down · Meets the strength and testing requirements of ANSI Z359 · Comes in sizes that fit participants utilizing the course · Different colors or ability to differentiate for the different sizes · One leg loop a different color than the other (optional for ease of use) · Gear loops (optional) · (optional) padding

The harnesses must include a well-designed and comprehensive Technical Bulletin / Notice from the Design Manufacturer of the harness. It must include:

· Standards that the Harness Meets · Recommended Use · Label(s) sewn directly on harnesses with the ability to be tucked away and with the following information: · Make, Model and Size · Standards that the harness meets · Maintenance & Inspection information · Load capacities · Limitations

Helmets shall meet the following criteria:

· Helmets are certified CE EN 12492, ANSI Z89.1-2009 type I class E or C, UIAA · Are adjustable and/or come in a variety of sizes to fit participants (see participant requirements) · Different colors or ability to differentiate for the different sizes

The helmet must include a well-designed and comprehensive Technical Bulletin / Notice from the Design Manufacturer of the helmet. It must include:

· Standards that the Helmet Meets · Recommended Use · Make, Model and Size · Maintenance & Inspection information

Lanyards shall meet the following criteria: · Lanyards shall be rated to hold at least 5,000 lbs (22.2 kN). In jurisdictions where additional standards are

applied (ex. Illinois) lanyards shall comply with the strength requirements of that jurisdiction. · Lanyards should carry the marking of the manufacturer and the safe working load or breaking strength

The lanyards must include a well-designed and comprehensive Technical Bulletin / Notice from the Design Manufacturer of those components. It must include:

· Standards that the component meets · Recommended Use · Make, Model and Size · Maintenance & Inspection information · Load capacities · Limitations

Connectors must meet the following criteria: · Connectors in the system shall meets the minimum breaking strength of 22.2kN. In jurisdictions where

additional standards are applied (ex. Illinois) connectors shall comply with the strength requirements of that jurisdiction.

Connecters used in Life Safety Systems should include a well-designed and comprehensive Technical Bulletin / Notice from the Design Manufacturer of those components. It must include:

· Standards that the component meets · Recommended Use / Component Specifications · Maintenance & Inspection information · Load capacities · Limitations

Gloves shall meet the following criteria:

· Gloves are sized so that they will not slide off hands · Gloves are free of holes and tears · Gloves are full fingered · Leather palmed

These are requirements for items of PPE used on the course. Following is a list of PPE chosen by the Manufacturer meeting the above requirements. In the case where the Operator chooses to deviate from the list of equipment provided, a formal approval for the variance from the Design Manufacturer is required. Any deviation from the following list must meet the above requirements and be approved the by the Design Manufacturer.

Designer / Manufacturer Approved Personal Protective Equipment

The following is a summary of the provided and approved replacement equipment for the Bonsai Design Aerial Adventure Course. The Original Equipment Manufacturer’s (OEM) technical bulletins for each of the individual equipment items will be gathered by Bonsai Design from the actual equipment on site prior to being put into circulation. Operators shall retain at least one hard copy for each piece of equipment used on site.

The models below are all approved for use in each item’s purpose of function and so the Operator may replace these items as necessary per the requirements of each item and along the guidelines of this manual.

Participant Equipment Set:

· Helmet · Petzl Panga Helmet – (Item # A30AOA) · Petzl Alveo Vent Helmet – Red (Item # A20VRA) · Petzl Elios Vent Helmt – Blue (Item # A42AB2)

· Harness

· Edelrid Radialias Pro – XS-M, L-XL (Item #716100053290; Item #716100073290 · French Creek Single Leg Sewn Customer Hook (SmartSnap) 36” black – (Item# 350BCH-36-BLK)

o Optional 48” Sherril Rope Lanyard with 10 mm Maillon Rapide (Item # 36027S0) · SC Keeloc SmartSnap Belay Device (At Height Item # RP420A)

Practitioner Equipment Set:

· Petzl Alveo Vent Helmet – Yellow (Item # A20VYA) · French Creek Navigator Full Body Harness (French Creek Navigator Item # 22030B-BLK)) · French Creek Custom Y Lanyard - Green (Item # 356B-GRN-3)) · Cable Key to unlock Participant’s Smart Belays/Rescue (At Height # PY005A)

Rescue Kits:

· Cascade Design Boundary Pack – 70 L(Item #08566 Black – Liberty Mountain) · Rope Bucket - 35 L (Item # S41AY035) · Teufelberger 7mm Cord Prusik Loops (2 per bag, 4-5 ft each) (Item # 3802-07-0030) · ISC Wire Lock (At Height Item # KY005A) · Omega Jake (2 per Rescue Kit) (Item #433722) · French Creek Etrier (Item # R-RESC-NHWS-10) · Cypher / ABC Gear Sling (Liberty Mtn. Item # 448756) · 7/16” KMIII Static Rope (Liberty Mtn. Item # 3304-14-00600) · ISC R-ALF (At Height Item # RP431) · Pulley for R-ALF (2 per Rescue Kit) (At Height Item # RP064) · Carabiner for R-ALF (3 per Rescue Kit) (At Height Item # KH200TLP WANSI) · Liberty Key Lock Non-Locking Oval Carabiner – Aluminum (3 per Rescue Kit) (Liberty Mtn. Item #433651) · Liberty Mountain Mod D Carabiner – Steel (Item # 434673) · Scissors · Pliers · Full-fingered leather gloves for rescue purposes – Practitioners Only

Supplemental Equipment Recommended for Staff to be Provided by Operator:

Radios and Radio Harnesses (or alternate means of communication) First Aid Kit

Course Components & Life Safety Systems

The following is a summary of the course components and Life Safety Systems installed by the Designer / Manufacturer in the Bonsai Design Aerial Adventure Course. Further descriptions of components, as well as inspection, maintenance, and operational specifications are provided in sections 2 -4 of this manual.

Guy Anchors

Epoxy Anchors

Course built onto existing structure – anchored into structure with bolts

Platforms

Elevated wooden deck built onto existing structure

Vertical Fall Arrest Systems

ALF Climb-Assist Pulley

Knots Utilized

Figure 8 on a Bight (Rescue Rope)

Alpine Butterfly Loop (Rappel Systems, Vertical Fall Arrest System)

Double Overhand Knot (Rope Ends)

Double Fishermen’s Knot (Rappel Systems, Vertical Fall Arrest System, Rescue Kits)

Prusik (Rescue Procedures)

Challenge Elements

Climbing Wall / Elements

Challenge Net

Fall Restraint Systems

Adjustable Restraint Lanyard(s)

ISC RP420 Keeloc SmartSnap Belay Device

Belay Methods

Using the body

Using a Belay Device

Belay Devices

ISC Rescue-ALF (RALF)

Rappel Systems

DEUS 7300 Controlled Descent Device

QUICKjump Free Fall Device

Technical Rescues

Platform Lower Down

Simultaneously Lower Down

Ground School

Stand Alone

Rescue School

Integrated into the course

1.6. Requirements

1.6.1. Participant Requirements

Course staff and participants shall meet the below requirements. Additionally, these persons shall be screened from participation if they do not meet these requirements:

· Complete & sign a participant agreement (participants only) · Meet the course weight, age, and/or height requirements:

· Weight Range: 45-275 lbs o These are the Manufacturer’s required weight ranges. Exceeding the weight ranges can

significantly impact the effectiveness of the System leading to an increased potential for an incident to occur. Allowing a participant on a zip line or Rappel that is below the required weight limit will increase the likelihood that the participant is unable to reach the landing zone, thereby requiring the staff to perform additional rescues.

· Age Range: Manufacturer’s recommended age is 14, unless accompanied by a supervising companion. o If the minimum age is otherwise defined, the operator shall develop specific Local Operating

Procedures denoting the age at which participants (meeting all other requirements) can participate independently.

· Minimum Height: o For Challenge Course Elements, participants shall be able to reach belay cable heights and

perform transfer skills, otherwise they must be accompanied by a supervising companion of the age of 14 years old that can reach belay cable heights and perform transfer skills. For Challenge Course access, participants shall be of sufficient age and ability to be able to conduct themselves across physically challenging elements without requiring constant intervention and/or assistance from a supervising companion.

· Not have any physical limitations that would keep them from performing the required on-course skills and be able to demonstrate these skills in Ground School: The skills are: · Proper equipment use · Assuming proper body position · Proper Element use

· Not be pregnant · Not be intoxicated through the use of legal, illegal, or prescribed intoxicants · Have no medical conditions which would require immediate medical attention or be exacerbated by

participation · Be able to understand and follow instructions (verbal and/or visual) given by staff · Wear footwear and clothing required for the activity

· Closed-toe shoes · Clothing appropriate for possible extreme weather conditions

· Must wear all required PPE and don it per the manufacturer recommendations In order to achieve compliance with ASTM F2959-16, Sections 5.5.4.1-2, Operators shall prominently display signage

detailing operational instructions or participant requirements, or both, for use of the course in the waiting/loading area or other appropriate locations. Entrance to restricted areas should be posted when necessary to warn unauthorized persons not to enter.

1.6.2. Participant Briefings

· Orientation Required · Ground School Required · Element Briefings Required

1.6.3. Participant Safety Checks

· Participant Safety Checks Required

1.6.4. Security

Course security must be maintained and in good working order. Security measures (signage and/or barriers) must be in place anytime the course is non-operational. The following are security measures installed by the Manufacturer and, if known, their relative location:

· Signage / lockable fire doors

1.6.5. Rescue Kit Placements

Locations

· 2 bags at top of silo · 1 positioned in climbing wall / net area · 1 positioned for access by staff facilitating QUICKjump

Rope Length · 470’

1.6.6. Staffing

Minimums · 3

Locations · 1 Staff at the base of the climbing / descent silo · 1 Staff at the top of the climbing / descent silo · 1 Staff at Gear Up / Ground School: Able to respond as Ground Support in the event of an emergency · If both silos are opened simultaneously, additional staff is required to ensure each silo has staff positioned in

the required locations (top and bottom of climbing / descent silo)

1.6.7. Course Usage

· Usage of the course may only occur if it has been confirmed through a reliable and consistent method that none of the requirements forcing cessation of operations are met.

· The course may only be used by staff and participants. · Staff shall be responsible for monitoring and preventing, if feasible, themselves and participants from becoming

completely unattached from an Appropriate Anchor Point while at-height in a fall hazard zone. · Participants shall only handle and transfer their Fall Restraint System while traversing through the course and

never at access or rappel systems. · Participants that cannot pass Ground School transferring protocol without assistance shall have a “Supervising

Companion” who is over the age of 14 and can pass the Ground School. · Participants shall remain in the designated controlled areas until properly connected to the decent device by

guide. · All rescue kits shall be in their designated placement prior to the course becoming operational. If the situation

requires removal or placement of rescue bags, staff shall travel with enough equipment to respond to a rescue scenario.

· Any person on course shall be accompanied by a person trained in rescue procedures or have a similar person trained in rescue procedures spotting from the ground. This person may not be the designated Ground Support staff.

· Ground Support shall be on duty and equipped for response before any person accesses the course and remain on duty until all persons are off the course

· The course may not become operational for the day until the following requirements are met: · Ground Support is on duty and equipped for response · Communication systems are in place and functional · Pre-use PPE inspection is complete and issues have been addressed · Course security has been removed · Rescue kits are in place and checked · Course inspection is complete and issues have been addressed · Course staff minimums are met and all staff are in place · Documentation has been completed

1.7. Limitations

1.7.1. Course Capacity

The maximum course capacities for specific elements and systems are provided in number of persons and refer to the number actively loading that element at any given moment. Course components are intended to be loaded for standard operations. The Operator shall not impose shock loads, torsional stress, or any other unforeseen forces on course components. Doing so could result in component failure and injury / death to persons involved.

Vertical Climbing Elements / Walls

Standard Operations: 1 per ALF

Rescue Scenarios: 1

Rappel and/or Descent Devices

Standard Operations: 1

Rescue Scenarios: 1

Elevated Net

Standard Operations: 9

Rescue Scenarios: 9

Elevated Wooden Deck Platform

Standard Operations: 10

Rescue Scenarios: 10

Appropriate Anchor Points

1/2” Cable

Standard Operations: 5

Rescue Scenarios: 5

Vertical Fall Arrest Systems

Standard Operations: 1

Rescue Scenarios: 1 (on the ALF) / 2 (alternate rescue systems)

Rescue Systems (RALF)

Standard Operations: N/A Rescue Scenarios: Up to two depending on Rescue Scenario

1.7.2. Cessation of Operations

Unplanned course closures may be required throughout operations. This section covers some, but not all, of the foreseeable reasons for ceasing operations on the course. Parameters must be defined by the Organization in managing the following scenarios. In some cases, if the situation or incident is resolved, the course may choose to resume operations.

In the event that a catastrophic course failure occurs, the organization shall contact Bonsai Design (phone: 970-255-7393 / email: info@bonsai-design.com).

Major Medical Incident

Major Medical Incidents are categorized as any atypical occurrence during normal course operations that significantly affects or hinders a person’s ability to continue on the course. These incidents require staff to pause in or stop their tasks under normal course operations and instead follow the steps of the appropriate Incident Response Plan. If the incident requires Emergency Medical Services (EMS) or local rescue, the course will halt operations and direct needed resources for rescue response.

Critical Course Component Failure

A critical course component is any component that upon failure could result in injury or a life threatening situation. This extends to any change in the course that changes the parameters developed for participant safety, such as a dead tree that has fallen within the corridor clearance. The course shall cease operations until satisfactory remedies are made.

Critical Communications Failure

Critical communications are any communication system that upon failure could result in injury or a life threatening situation. If the communication system is necessary for the summoning of help in a technical rescue or in the sending and receiving on a zip line, it is considered a critical system. The course must close until the situation is remedied.

Environmental Conditions

Unless another justifiable and performance-proven parameter is developed and established, Bonsai Design recommends that the Operator shall cease operations when the following environmental and/or weather conditions exist. Furthermore, the Operator shall have a method to track local weather conditions and communicate necessary information to persons on the course.

Temperature Temperatures less than 0°F and over 100° F (in operational space)

Catastrophic Environmental Conditions Conditions including, but not limited to, fires (in or around the structures), seismic activity, hurricanes, tornadoes, and

other conditions that make rescues and/or emergency personnel unable to respond

Ground Conditions

Any intolerable increased risk from the ground condition that renders anchors unstable, prevents rescue access, or makes ground travel dangerous.

Risks

The Operator shall create parameters for each of these potential conditions based on appropriate risk management plans and cease operations accordingly.

Resuming Operations after Cessation of Operations

Unplanned course closures may be required throughout operations. If the situation or incident is resolved, the Operator may choose to resume operations. The Staff Member responsible for calling the Cessation of Operations will determine when the course may resume operations. The course will not need an additional inspection if the Cessation of Operations is not related to Critical Course Component Failure/damage. If the Cessation of Operations is caused by Critical Course Component Failure/damage, or reported Environmental Conditions that could have damaged the course (e.g. a tree falling on a cable) the Operator will determine the need for an additional Daily/Pre-Use Inspection prior to resuming operations.

1.7.3. Fall Restraint

Fall Restraint is the technique of securing a person to a lanyard short enough to prevent that person’s center of gravity reaching the fall hazard. A Fall Restraint System limits mobility and will prevent the user from impacting the ground but offers no protection from bodily harm or death in the event of a free fall. If the course utilizes a Fall Restraint System, it must be utilized correctly by ensuring that the lanyard length and attachment point are adjusted such that it creates no potential for free fall of more than 2 feet. Fall Arrest Systems catch the user while allowing for free fall; the equipment used moderates the forces generated from a free fall and helps to protect the user from injury or death that might otherwise be caused by an abrupt catch from a fall. A Fall Protection System is any device or system that prevents an accidental fall from elevation or that mitigates the effect of such a fall.

1.7.4. Defined Areas for Fall Protection and Belay Systems

Throughout most of the designed course, Fall Protection and Belay Systems are required. It is required that participants and staff use Fall Protection Systems when in these Fall Protection Zones. Some areas of the course do not require additional Belay Systems as Fall Protection is incorporated into the Manufacturer’s design in the form of railings, nets and barriers.

• The operator is responsible for understanding and being able to identify those areas requiring Fall Protection and a Belay System and how to effectively use them.

• The operator’s staff are responsible for identifying and communicating with participants those areas, and monitoring their appropriate use.

• In addition to visual monitoring and verbal coaching, the operator may implement signage or other marks (eg painted lines) to further delineate the beginning or end of an area requiring Fall Protection and Belay Systems.

1.7.5. Participant Screening

If during their time on course, a participant can no longer perform the required skills for participation and/or enlarges the risk of the activity, they shall be removed from the course. Rescue techniques provided in this manual shall be implemented by the Operator in addition to Local Operating Procedures in determining appropriate course removal.

SECTION 2: COURSE COMPONENTS

2.1. Overview

The component descriptions in this section seek to cover all components of a course that the Manufacturer could install. Reference the Specifications, Requirements, and Limitations portion of the Scope of Operations section for what components make up the installed course. Additionally, the Course Component Materials Chart located in the Appendix details hardware and other smaller materials the components are comprised of.

2.2. Personal Protective Equipment

Participant Equipment Set

The Participant Equipment Set consists of a harness, helmet, and the required Fall Restraint and Traverse Systems for the elements installed. The equipment is designed for adjustability and will accommodate participants meeting the Designer criteria. For courses requiring gloves, the gloves implemented should meet the aforementioned criteria and allow for effective braking or other required skills.

Practitioner Equipment Set

The Practitioner Equipment Set consists of a harness, helmet, and the required Fall Restraint and Traverse Systems for the elements installed. The equipment is meant for the work environment and typically allows more maneuverability for work functions. For courses requiring gloves, the gloves implemented should meet the aforementioned criteria and allow for effective braking or other required skills.

Rescue Kits

The Rescue Kits contain all the tools deemed necessary by the Manufacturer to perform standard on-course rescues. Rope, belay devices, and anchor building materials are part of the kit in order to facilitate evacuations from the course. Spare equipment is also part of the kit for replacement of failed equipment on-course. Many parts of the kit are multi-functional and can be combined to perform a variety of rescues. Courses with staff that have advanced rescue training can add to the Rescue kit to include gear required to perform these types of rescues.

2.3. Course Components

Guy Anchors

The primary function of guy cables and anchors is to convert the horizontal bending forces exerted onto course structures into vertical, compressive forces. Guy cables and anchors oppose the huge dead and live loads generated by course elements.

Platforms

Platforms consist of a steel or wooden substructure with wooden decking. They can be suspended in trees / poles, rigged to existing structures, or be ground-based.

Belay Hoops and Bridles

Belay hoops and bridles are used to provide a secure anchor point aside from element cables. These anchor points also facilitate exploration of the platform and provide staff with efficient and ergonomic options for participant transfer.

Challenge Elements

Elements refer to an immense variety of challenge elements and simple traverses throughout the course. Challenge elements use creative materials to push the participant’s comfort zone and incorporate play.

Vertical Fall Arrest Systems

These systems enable participants and staff to ascend and descend by use of a rope-grabbing device on a fixed vertical line or using a rope-grab device on a loop of rope (RALF).

Rappel Systems

Rappel systems are commonly used to thrill and challenge the participant while providing necessary egress to the ground. These systems can be part of the course experience or they can be used purely for emergency evacuation. The systems can utilize a belay device that requires a primary belay and a back-up belay input from the user or the system can automatically belay the user.

Ground School

Ground School provides participants with an opportunity to learn and demonstrate the skills required for the course. It is also a proving ground for participants and allows staff to assess their competency in required course skills and screen participants appropriately. Typically, Ground School is separate from the course itself, but it is sometimes integrated into the beginning of the course.

Rescue School

Rescue School provides a scaled down version of primary course components for the continued training of staff. This area helps ensure staff retain the required rescue skills. Typically, Rescue School is separate from the course itself, but it is sometimes integrated into the course.

Landing Area Components & Protective Equipment

· Bumpers · Pads · Step-Ups · Mulch and/or Ground Cover

SECTION 3: INSPECTION & MAINTENANCE

3.1. Required Inspections

3.1.1. Overview

The Course Manufacturer requires that the course be inspected using the methods, time frame, and persons described below. All inspections shall apply to both the inspection of PPE (including rescue equipment) and inspection of course components. Third party manufacturers of equipment utilized in safety systems and on course may have standards and timeframes concerning inspection, storage, repair, and maintenance. The guidelines and recommendations provided by the manufacturers of said equipment take precedent over the Course Manufacturer requirements. However, the Operator shall still meet the Course Manufacturer requirements. The Operator shall assume the responsibility of contacting the component manufacturer for any operating instructions or notices and regularly seek out the most current available information. Key component technical notices are provided to the Operator by the Course Manufacturer.

In the event that the course does not pass the daily or periodic inspection, the organization shall contact Bonsai Design (phone: 970-255-7393 / email: info@bonsai-design.com).

3.1.2. Acceptance Inspection

Prior to the commissioning of a new course, new element, or major modifications to an existing course or element, an Acceptance Inspection must occur in which particular systems may be tested and overall course assembly, installation techniques, and materials are inspected. This inspection shall be performed by the Course Manufacturer and shall be documented and delivered to the Operator during Commissioning.

3.1.3. Professional Inspection

A Professional Inspection shall be performed, minimally, on an annual basis. The Operator shall utilize a third party, Association for Challenge Course Technology (or other reputable standards organization) Certified Inspector or a Qualified Person working under a Certified Inspector for all Professional Inspection services. Significant environmental impacts such as ice storms, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, lightning strikes, or other dynamic events that may affect the structural integrity of components may create the need for additional Professional Inspections.

Required Annual Inspections

Owner/Operator is required to provide annual professional inspections for the following items: · Aerial Adventure Course elements and components · Wire rope life safety systems · Manufactured Components that require annual inspection per the Original Equipment Manufacturer (ex. Head

Rush Products)

3.1.4. Periodic / Special Inspection

Ongoing in-house inspection, monitoring, and documentation of all systems and components shall be performed by a Competent Person on a regular basis as determined by the Operator based upon frequency of use. These inspections are more thorough than the Daily / Pre-Use Inspections. Trained and certified Course Managers are typically the preferred personnel to perform Periodic / Special Inspections.

The Course Manufacturer recommends monthly Periodic Inspections while the course is operational. Special Inspections are performed outside of the normally scheduled Periodic Inspections. Circumstances that will prompt Special Inspections may include, but are not limited to:

· Trends in damage or wear · An incident or failure of a component · Significant environmental impacts

If violent environmental factors force a course to cease operation, the Course Manufacturer recommends that the Operator walk the course from the ground to ensure no hazards exist before the course resumes operations. The Operator shall run one operational cycle of the course with staff before operating with participants.

3.1.5. Daily / Pre-Use Inspections

Daily / Pre-Use Inspections, or operational testing, shall be conducted for each course element and related equipment by qualified staff, employed by the owner. Pre-use checks are a routine visual examination, and may be ongoing throughout the use of an element or piece of equipment. The pre-use operational test shall include one full operational cycle through all course elements performed by course staff. Pre-use checks shall involve the inspection of PPE in use and the ongoing inspection of all critical components and safety systems throughout the day.

Refer to the Appendix for a sample Daily / Pre-Use Inspection Checklist.

3.1.6. Qualified Third Party Inspections / Annual Recertification

In the event that the installed course utilized any of the following components, these inspections are necessary:

· Ground and/or rock anchors - geotechnical engineers are required for the initial installation inspection and periodically through the lifetime of the course

· Existing buildings and/or structures not installed by the Course Manufacturer - structural engineers are required for the inspection

· The inspection, recertification and maintenance requirements of certain components will be dictated by the Equipment Manufacturer of each component and must be adhered to. Examples would include controlled descent devices, PPE (trolleys, pulleys, belay systems, etc.), and braking system components such as zipStop components.

· Courses using trees as structural components shall ensure trees are inspected by certified arborists periodically throughout their lifetime and in compliance with applicable regulatory bodies.

3.1.7. Documentation

All inspections shall be documented and well managed within the organization and kept on file to facilitate future inspections. Sample Daily / Pre-Use Inspection forms for the course and PPE are provided in the Appendices. See the Local Operating Procedures and Record Keeping section for further instruction on record keeping and transfer.

3.2. Inspection Overview

Elements of an Aerial Adventure Course, including trees, poles, lumber, hardware, rope, and other equipment and materials can be damaged at any time and rendered unsuitable for use. The causes may be natural such as high wind, lightning, heavy rain or snowfall, insect infestation, and pest disturbance. They may be the result of vandalism or excessively hard usage, or they may be the result of premature aging of components or previously undetected manufacturing defects. They may be a combination of the aforementioned causes.

Components of the Aerial Adventure Course have been chosen by the Course Manufacturer with the intent of providing the best possible functionality for each part of the system. In some cases, components prematurely wear, or for other reasons fail to suitably remain in service for the duration intended. If through the course of inspection (or through the course of normal operations), it becomes apparent that components are not satisfactorily serving the required function, then the component must be retired. Refer to the limitations on course modifications and the course modification process when considering changing the brand or model of any course component to be used.

The following sections define inspection techniques, both general and specific inspection criteria, and maintenance specifications. An extensive table has been provided by the Designer / Manufacturer which illustrates the various types of maintenance that will be required throughout the course of operations. The table depicts the following:

· Types of maintenance · The frequency of when specific maintenance must be performed · Competency levels · Approvals / allocation of responsibilities · Maintenance which may only be performed by the Designer / Manufacturer

3.2.1. Inspection Techniques

All components and equipment shall be inspected using the following four techniques:

1. Visual Assessment · Look for inspection cues commensurate with the material being inspected. See the inspection criteria for

metal, textile, and wooden components listed in this section. A useful tool in visual inspection is comparing the item to an identical item of unused equipment.

2. Tactile Assessment · Use the hands to feel for abnormalities or changes in the item. Often times, these are easier to feel than

they are to see.

3. Functionality Testing · This testing goes beyond visual/tactile assessment in that the item in question undergoes inspection

during use. Mimic the intended use of the item to the greatest degree possible. If possible, this should be done in a controlled environment as its integrity is not yet known. In the case of course components and some equipment, the functionality testing will be required in direct operation on course. Test all potential uses of the item. Also, records of the equipment not serving its intended function are indication of a possible failure of functionality.

4. Evaluation of Obsolescence · Equipment becomes obsolete either when it exceeds the Manufacturer’s prescribed lifetime or when it no

longer meets applicable standards. For this reason, manufacturer and user markings related to the use and age of an item must remain decipherable. If there are no records of the item’s history of use, it should be retired. If an item is no longer used in common practice, or no longer meets applicable standards, it should be retired.

3.2.2. Defects

If a defect is found, it can become difficult to determine the significance of the defect. Some defects constitute an immediate failure while others only require maintenance or monitoring. Other defects only become effectual when

applied to a system. To make an informed decision on the significance of a defect, the Operator must consider the system as a whole. For example, a burr on a carabiner is not usually means for retirement except when that carabiner is being used in conjunction with a webbing sling (the burr could eventually cut through the sling). Refer to the process for dealing with defects outlined later in the section.

3.3. General Inspection Criteria

Refer to the course Maintenance Manual for specified inspection procedures and frequencies.

3.3.1. Inspection Criteria

Inspection Criteria for Metal Components

PPE and course components containing metal components or made entirely of metal should be inspected for the following defects. One critical defect or minor defects in multiple categories constitute failure:

· Rust, corrosion, and oxidation · Deformation · Cracks · Broken wires · Marks · Grooves · Burrs · Excessive wear · Deflection Wear of more than 1 mm on metal components is considered means for retirement. Deflection of more than 3

mm from normal deflection is considered means for retirement (e.g. the deflection on a belay device face plate).

Inspection Criteria for Textile Components

PPE and course components containing textile components or made entirely of textiles should be inspected for the following defects. One critical defect or minor defects in multiple categories constitute failure:

· Burns, glazing · Deformation · Cuts · Frays · Cut, torn, or pulled threads / stitches · Marks, stains · Stiff spots, soft spots · Core shots · Excessive fuzziness · Burrs · Chemical exposure · Excessive wear · Obsolescence Cuts or tears of more than 1 mm deep are considered means for retirement. Any item of PPE that has experienced

chemical exposure shall be retired. A differentiation should be made between critical and non-critical stitching. Critical stitching is any stitching that upon failing could become life threatening of injurious. Critical stitching is usually denoted by stitching that is a different color from the webbing. One pulled stitch within critical stitching is considered means for retirement. Non-critical stitching is typically the same color as the webbing and does not typically have the same consequences associated with failure. However, deadly or injurious consequences can still occur from non-critical stitching failure (e.g. a harness gear loop ripping off with a tool hung to it and that tool hitting a person below).

Inspection Criteria for Organic / Wooden Components

Course components containing organic / wooden components or made entirely of wood should be inspected for the following defects. One critical defect or minor defects in multiple categories constitute failure:

· Burns · Deformation · Cracks horizontal to the grain · Excessive play · Rot · Fungal infection · Pests

3.3.2. Inspection Criteria for Specific Items of PPE

For all items of PPE and Rescue Equipment, the Operator shall follow the requirements mandated by the Original Equipment Manufacturer. Requirements for inspection, maintenance, recertification, and retirement are found in the technical bulletin provided by the equipment manufacture of each individual component.

When an Item of PPE Fails Inspection

If an item is suspect, marginally passes inspection, or fails inspection, it should be immediately removed from service and placed in a quarantined area. A Competent Person should thoroughly inspect the item and determine if it passes inspection, needs repair, or fails inspection. Repairs must only be made by a Competent Person or the Manufacturer. Some repairs and maintenance are allowed to be made by the end user, but these will be specifically detailed in any notice or manual provided with the product.

Quarantining an Item of PPE

All items of PPE requiring quarantine should be tagged as such. If the item is irreparable, the item should then be rendered unusable and disposed of in the proper facility immediately. The item should be removed from the registry of PPE. Disposal techniques include:

· Cutting up textile components into unusable lengths and removing labels · Breaking or smashing metal components · Removing the cradle and chin straps from helmets

Replacement of an Item of PPE Replacements shall be of the same make and model of the previous component or meet the specifications for that

component outlined by the Manufacturer. Replacements should be readily available for all items of PPE. The replacement should not be put in use until it is entered into the management system and marked appropriately (e.g. if a lanyard is replaced on a participant harness set, a note must be made in the management system and the new lanyard serial number linked to the harness set).

3.3.3. Inspection Criteria for Specific Course Components

For all course components, check the components against the appropriate inspection criteria for metal, textile, or wooden components. Some elements will contain more than one component (e.g. a platform assembly) and these separate items should be inspected against their particular criteria. Additionally, items that are typically considered PPE are still utilized on course. These items shall be checked against the criteria outlined earlier in the PPE Inspection section. Attention shall be given to the hard to access areas (e.g. platform substructures). If an item has sustained a dynamic event (e.g. a large fall, shock loading) the inspection shall be particularly thorough and consideration must be given to retiring that item. One critical defect or minor defects in multiple categories constitute failure. Specific inspection considerations for different course components follow:

Guy Anchors · Newly exposed metal · Disturbed soil · Deformation or bending of anchor rods

· Evidence of slippage · Degradation of concrete

Structural Steel

· Cracked welds · Looseness or torsional movement in the structure · Lilting or sloping

Decking

· Loose / missing screws, nails, or boards · Continued attachment of overhead hazards (e.g. participant step-ups) · Participant protective elements are in place and functional (e.g. bumpers inflated) · Overgrowth at reveal cuts

Bolts · Evidence of shifting or slippage · Evidence of nuts loosening · Reduction in exposed threads · Compressed double-coil lock washers

Blocking · Shifting of the blocks · Cables not encompassed by block channels · Compressive cracking · Blocks expanded to the head of the lag bolts

Wire Rope Clips

· Physically check nuts for looseness · Slippage or newly exposed metal · Newly rotated clips or uneven spacing of clips · Reduction in exposed threads

Wire Rope

It shall be noted by the Operator that most damage to wire rope occurs in close proximity to terminations and these areas shall be inspected thoroughly.

· Fraying · Broken strands · Bird caging · Flattened, kinked, or otherwise damaged areas · Gouging or damage to the nylon coating · Area impact hazards to the wire rope (e.g. dead snagged trees) · Dramatic changes in tension or sag · Broken wires

· Of particular concern are broken crown wires, broken wires within 3 inches of the termination, or a grouping of localized broken wires.

· Refer to the Maintenance Manual Critical Lifeline Retirement Criteria

Vertical Fall Arrest Systems · All knots and attachment points are correct · Rope passes basic textile inspection · Tension of the rope is trim and well-aligned to the ascent corridor (rope should not sag significantly below the

ascent corridor).

Refer to the provided equipment manufacturer’s notice for specific inspection criteria.

Ropes · Condition of the sheath · Tactile check of the core · Condition of protective components and stitching · Condition of knots · Check of the length

Knots

· Thimbles in place and intact · Tied correctly and dressed properly · Tails shifting or sucking through · Harsh bends

Elements · Knots inspected to above criteria · Pins are in place and secure where utilized · Lilting or leaning · Loose components of the element

Rappel Systems · Side plates and casing in good condition · Function of the deployment and return of the traveler · Function of the deployment and return of rope / webbing · Pins are in place and secure where utilized · Abrasive or sharp surfaces

When a Course Component Fails Inspection

If a component is suspect, marginally passes inspection, or fails inspection; it should be immediately removed from service and placed in quarantine. A Competent Person should thoroughly inspect the component and determine if it passes inspection, needs repair, or fails inspection.

Quarantining a Course Component The components requiring quarantine should be tagged or flagged as such and the information disseminated to

staff. If operations allow it, that element of the course may be closed off for repair while the remainder of the course is in operation. Efforts should be made to render the element temporarily unusable. Examples of this process include:

· Removing the rope from a belay spool · Placing signage and cable locks on zip lines If the component is irreparable, the item should then be rendered unusable and disposed of in the proper facility

immediately. This is limited to course components that the Operator can remove, such as a carabiner on a ladder ascension. The item should be removed from the registry of PPE. Disposal techniques include:

· Cutting up textile components into unusable lengths and removing labels · Breaking or smashing metal components

Replacement of a Course Component The Operator may replace certain course components, but only those which require no training or skill to install

properly. The Operator shall seek approval and instruction from the Manufacturer when replacing any component. Replacements should be readily available for all regularly replaced items. The replacement should not be put in use until it is entered into the management system and marked appropriately (e.g. if a carabiner is replaced at a rappel station, a note must be made in the management system and the new serial number linked to the location on course). Replacements shall be of the same make and model of the previous component or meet the specifications for that component outlined by the Manufacturer.

3.4. Maintenance

Refer to the course Maintenance Manual for specified maintenance procedures and frequencies.

3.4.1. Overview

The Operator shall refer to section 1.4. for specific responsibilities involved with course maintenance. Additionally, the Operator shall abide by the following requirements in performing course maintenance.

· Routine maintenance shall be performed by a competent person or persons employed by the Operator to preserve the quality of all course hardware and element function.

· The Operator’s staff shall recognize, when appropriate, the need for third party assistance in addressing maintenance and/or repair concerns.

· The Operator shall abide by all hardware and equipment manufacturer specifications. · The Operator’s staff shall perform all maintenance duties in compliance with OSHA standards.

Bonsai Design defaults to Manufacturer Specifications concerning all products, equipment, materials, and hardware used throughout the course. Where applicable, Bonsai Design has provided essential specifications as they relate to use within our product. The Operator shall utilize this information, as well as the information provided by Bonsai Design within this Operations Manual, in overseeing the proper use, inspection, and maintenance of all course products, equipment, materials, and hardware.

In the event that the course does not pass the daily or periodic inspection, the organization shall contact Bonsai Design (phone: 970-255-7393 / email: info@bonsai-design.com).

Refer to the Appendix for sample Maintenance Logs.

3.4.2. Types of Maintenance

For the purpose of this manual, maintenance is defined as ensuring characteristics and specifications of the course and its components are within approved ranges, as determined by the specifications within this manual. In the case that this manual does not provide clear enough guidance, maintaining the conditions present within the newly installed and commissioned course is appropriate.

For components of the course where Equipment Manufacturers have provided guidelines, those Equipment Manufacturer guidelines will dictate and determine the maintenance requirements. Examples include controlled descent devices, pulleys, ropes and webbing.

Routine Operator Maintenance

Routine Operator maintenance is limited to ensuring that all course hardware and elements are clean and free of debris, dirt, and other foreign bodies. Routine maintenance of the course will extend its lifetime dramatically and improve the experience of the end user. Additionally it will make the course hardware easier to inspect and keep issues to a minimum. Properly scheduled inspections will alert the course management to any potential maintenance needs. Refer to Sections 3.7.1. and 3.7.2. for more specific descriptions of acceptable routine maintenance in regard to PPE and Course Components.

Annual / Ongoing Course Maintenance

Any maintenance issues found during the Professional Inspection will be the responsibility of the Operator to address.

Emergency Maintenance / Course Failure

Emergency maintenance includes issues found during daily and/or periodic inspections that constitute course failure. Issues found during these inspections shall be documented in the appropriate inspection logs and the Operator shall contact Bonsai Design prior to opening the course for further information and instruction.

3.5. Storage & Maintenance

3.5.1. PPE

Overview

Proper storage and maintenance of PPE will extend its lifetime dramatically and improve the experience of the end user. Additionally it will make the item easier to inspect and keep labels legible. A schedule should be developed to ensure PPE is cleaned and maintained on a regular basis. It is best if this schedule is aligned with the Periodic or Professional Inspection of PPE.

Storage

PPE should be stored loosely in a well-ventilated area and away from direct sunlight, aggressive substances, or corrosive substances. Extreme temperatures should be avoided and PPE should be inaccessible when the course is not in operation (e.g. stored in a locked room). Items should be out of high traffic areas and stored where they cannot be stepped on or come in contact with sharp objects. Heavy items should not be placed on top of any item of PPE. A separate storage area should be provided for rejected PPE and it should be difficult to access.

Item-Specific Criteria

· Helmets · Store helmets with the outer shell top facing upwards · Do not stack helmets and then try to compress them

· Rope · If the rope is stored in a coil, coil loosely and periodically alternate how the rope is coiled · Remove knots from the rope before storage

Maintenance: Cleaning

PPE should be cleaned with non-detergent soap and water and dried in a dark, well-ventilated area away from direct heat sources. Do not use a pressure washer to clean PPE. Textile items can be washed by hand or by the delicate cycle in a front loading washing machine (a top loading machine with the agitator removed works as well). Place textile items in a thick cloth bag when using a washing machine. Never clean textile items (plastics included) with solvents, degreasers or stain removers. Metal items can be washed in a parts washer, but care should be taken to thoroughly dry any internal areas. To remove oxidation or corrosion, scrub metal components with an abrasive sponge using soap and water. Do not use acids, harsh cleaners, or WD 40-type degreasers on metal components. When items are used in an abrasive environment (e.g. salty, silty or muddy), rinse them with fresh water after use.

Maintenance: Repair

Some small repairs can be performed by the PPE end user, while others must be done by the manufacturer. Contact the PPE manufacturer to determine what repairs can be made and what components can be replaced (e.g. a broken helmet strap buckle can often be replaced by the manufacturer). Very few repairs can be made by the end user. One is lubrication of a PPE item’s ‘mechanism’ (e.g. the spring and pin on a carabiner gate). To lubricate, apply machine oil or graphite powder sparingly and then wipe the area clean with a cloth. Do not allow the lubricant to come into contact with a textile product. Burrs and mushrooming on metal components can also be nominally repaired by using fine grit sandpaper or a metal file to remove the sharp edges. If the deformation is greater than 1 mm before or after repair, the item should be retired.

3.5.2. Course Components

Most course components are intended to remain in the outdoor element year round. However, some minor efforts can extend the security and lifetime of certain components.

Removal and Reinstallation

For components such as auto-belays or descent control devices, the removal and reinstallation of these devices requires experience, tools, and techniques that are beyond the scope of the Operations Manual. Often times, it will require advanced knowledge of rope access and tree access techniques. The Operator shall seek and document advanced training if access techniques are required for course component removal and reinstallation. The Operator also may contract the Manufacturer for this process. Additionally, these components shall be stored with the third party manufacturer specified rope or webbing.

The Operator shall reinstall all course components and related PPE to replicate the original fashion in which they were installed (e.g. rappel ropes triple wrapped around a belay spool drum shall be reinstalled with three wraps).

Storage

Removable on course PPE components are ideal for storage in the off season. Carabiners, rescue kit components, belay spool ropes, ropes in the Opposable Point Brake system (not any other brake system), Bonsai-Manufactured PPE and other accessories (such as the Grip Link™, zipGrip™ and trolley hood) can all be removed and stored with other PPE. Care shall be taken to mark and track these components so that they are reinstalled at the proper location.

Maintenance

Removable on-course PPE components may be cleaned and repaired commiserate with the guidelines provided in the PPE portion of this section.

The vast majority of course component maintenance requires experience, tools, and techniques that would prohibit most Operators from adequately performing the maintenance item. Additionally, the course is designed and installed such that, with proper use, course maintenance will be limited to periodic, seasonal, or yearly maintenance. Process guidelines for course modifications, maintenance items, and replacement items are provided in the Course Modifications portion of the Scope of Operations section.

Rider Envelope / Clearance Corridor

One key maintenance item requiring regular attention on course is the preservation of the rider envelope and the activity corridor. Activity corridors have been established during installation to ensure safe passage for course participants and staff. Following the Acceptance Inspection and the completion of the Commissioning process, the Operator shall assume the responsibility of maintaining safe corridor clearances.

SECTION 4: OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

The Operating Instructions section covers operation of the suite of components, elements, and systems that the Manufacturer could integrate into a course. The Operator shall reference the Specifications, Requirements, and Limitations portion of the Scope of Operations section to determine which instructions are applicable.

4.1. Essential Staff Functions & Competencies

4.1.1. Overview

Practitioners are facilitating themselves and participants at-height and an immense amount of responsibility is imparted to them. Certain mental and physical capabilities are necessary to perform the job properly. The ACCT has compiled a list of essential functions for Practitioners. This list (provided below) establishes a baseline for all Practitioner / Guide staff.

THE ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS OF A CERTIFIED CHALLENGE COURSE PRACTITIONER

ACCT – Appendix E

Essential functions are the fundamental job duties performed in a position. Some of these functions may not be applicable to certain types of certification, such as Spotted Activities Only.

1. Range of Motion and Flexibility 1.1 Perform various positions and postures necessary to conduct practitioner tasks. 1.2 Manipulate ropes, cables, and other related equipment used in tying knots, belaying, and rigging used in the setup, operation, and breakdown of various challenge course-related systems. 1.3 Physically negotiate various terrain types and/or obstacles confronted in the course of both routine program delivery and emergency situations.

2. Manual Dexterity and Motor Skills 2.1 Operate/utilize various challenge course-related gear and equipment including, and not limited to, ropes, harnesses, helmets, carabiners, safety lines, ladders and pulleys. 2.2 Ascend to, traverse at, and descend from heights that may exceed 25 feet (7.62 m). 2.3 Relocate, ascend, and descend ladders and various other course access equipment including, and not limited to, cargo nets, stairs, climbing staples and vertical cables.

3. Endurance and Stamina 3.1 Possess ability and endurance to achieve certification for and carry out site-specific first aid procedures and/or protocols which may include first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). 3.2 Perform required duties for extended periods of time while exposed to adverse conditions including, and not limited to, precipitation, temperature extremes and wind.

4. Sight and Visual Activity 4.1 Possess good corrected or uncorrected vision.

4.2 Possess adequate depth perception to recognize safety hazards in a variety of normal and/or emergency environments. 4.3 Possess the ability to see, read, and recognize safety hazards in a variety of normal and/or emergency situations.

5. Communication Skills 5.1 Communicate in a clear and understandable fashion with participants and other staff members. 5.2 Able to effectively communicate in an appropriate manner in the programming environment with or without accommodation. 5.3 Effectively communicate with participants based on their personality type, especially during sensitive, interpersonal contacts.

6. Reasoning and Decision-Making Ability 6.1 Comprehend and implement oral and written instructions. 6.2 Apply reasoning skills when confronted with circumstances requiring a discretionary decision. 6.3 Establish priorities and construct further plans after an initial assessment. 6.4 Formulate and implement an appropriate course of action in a given situation for which no specific rule or procedure has been established. 6.5 Apply theory-based instruction or training to actual incidents/situations.

Additionally, the prerequisites to being certified / qualified by Bonsai as a Level 1 course practitioner include:

· Must be 18 years or older · Must meet participant requirements for the course · Attend training hours · Successfully complete testing per certification requirements · (Accommodations available to meet ADA requirements)

It is recommended that Staff and/or Operators maintain records of trainings attended, operating hours and inspection hours.

4.1.2. Essential Roles to Fill

For daily operations, the Operator shall fill essential roles with qualified staff and with numbers appropriate for the scale of the operation. The roles and essential responsibilities follow:

Course Manager

· Responsible for coordination of incident response, cessation of operations decisions, coordination of course-wide evacuation, periodic inspections, staff oversight, and record keeping

Ground Support

· Responsible for acting as the leading support in incident response, dissemination of critical information, and for course staff support

Practitioner / Guide

· Responsible for minimizing risk on course for both staff and participants, acting as the primary responder in incident response, and performing the required facilitation tasks for the systems and elements on the course

4.2. Participant Briefings

4.2.1. Overview

The Operator shall communicate all critical information necessary to participation on the course. The information transfer occurs at three distinct times: in Orientation prior to donning the PPE, in Ground School prior to fully engaging in course participation, and prior to any new element that the participant is not yet familiar with the skills required for, or the hazards associated with, the activity.

4.2.2. Orientation

All participants shall be given an Orientation by a staff member prior to participation on the course. Topics may be covered through signage, video, or written agreements but the Operator shall ensure a staff member is present to confirm comprehension, answer questions, and screen participants. Orientation is a powerful tool for relaying required information, managing risk, and setting the tone for the participant experience. All topics covered in Orientation shall be able to be clearly understood by the participants and there shall be time allotted after the orientation is given for the fielding of questions. All course Orientations must cover the following topics:

Participant Agreements

· Signed and reviewed by participants

Course Description

· Experience length · Course elements involved · Level of walking/climbing involved · Highest element, longest element, fastest element

Participation Level of the Course

· Expected ability of participants · Participation can be barred if a person cannot meet the expectations · Voluntary nature of the activity

Participant Requirements

· Any participant requirements not yet covered · Participants may have no medical conditions which would require immediate medical attention or be

exacerbated by participation

Conditions Barring Participation

· Pregnancy · Intoxication from legal drugs, illegal drugs, or alcohol

Fast Acting Medications

· Participants shall have the medication with them and on their person · Participants shall notify staff of the location of this medication and its purpose

Acknowledgment of Risk

· Define inherent risk and communicate examples of inherent risk that may be encountered · By choosing to participate the participant is accepting this risk · Explanation that there may be unforeseeable or surprising risks

Basic Needs

· Long hair pulled back (e.g. in a low ponytail) · Secure loose clothing and remove dangly jewelry · Nothing loose in mouths while on course (e.g. gum, tobacco) · No tobacco use in the harness and maintain a person’s length distance from smoke if you are in a harness · Explain what amenities and provisions are available while on course The Operator may add other information deemed necessary for the Orientation, but the Operator shall not

contradict any of the Specifications, Requirements, and Limitations put forth by the Manufacturer.

4.2.3. Ground School

In Ground School, participants are briefed on the skills they will be responsible for while on course. Participants are then given the chance to practice the skills taught and demonstrate that they are capable of handling these duties. If a participant cannot show competency in the skills and responsibilities being taught, then they shall not be allowed to participate further. The Operator shall communicate the following information to participants during Ground School:

· Brief the participants on their responsibility in risk management · Describe any hazards, common mistakes, and how to avoid them · Brief the participants on the expectations associated with the use and management of their equipment · Describe proper body positioning and how to adjust that position · Describe any signals that the participant will receive from staff and how to respond appropriately · Describe the process of braking and any motion involved in the engagement of an automatic brake or a fail-

safe (if applicable for the installed course) · Describe the process of self-arrest and self-rescue (if applicable for the installed course)

4.2.4. Element Briefings

Prior to any element on course where there are new expectations of the participant or new associated hazards, the Operator shall inform the participant of these hazards and their responsibilities.

4.3. Participant Safety Checks

Staff shall perform Participant Safety Checks to ensure proper equipment fitting and function. Staff shall perform visual Participant Safety Checks before any transfer to a new element. A physical and visual check shall occur after the participant has hiked or left the course at-height for any period of time. Physical and visual Participant Safety Checks shall also occur before a participant is transferred onto a different type of belay system (e.g. prior to transferring a participant from a static to a dynamic belay). Participant Safety Checks can be purely visual or visual and physical.

The Operator shall check for the following when performing a Participant Check: · Ensure that the harness and helmet are fitted correctly and that they have sustained no damage. · Where gloves are required, confirm that the gloves are on the hands and they are of acceptable condition.

· Confirm that the fall restraint or traverse system equipment is still properly functioning. Perform a full body assessment of the participant’s mental and physical condition. Ensure no new risks or hazards have presented themselves (e.g. loose hair, choking hazards).

4.4. Participant Body Orientation

The participant shall follow instructions related to the intended participant body position and orientation for the course. The Operator shall inform the participant of these positions, explain to them the risk associated with not complying with the recommendations, and remove participants from course who cannot comply. Use of the course when not employing the proper body orientation can result in bodily injury, death, or damage to components. Both staff and participant shall:

· Never wrap hands or body parts in webbing or rope · Never place hands or body parts inside of fall restraint clipping mechanisms · Never spin, jump, flip, or perform any other motion not intended while using the equipment · Never remove the positioning components that restrict the above behavior · Never orient their body or body parts to increase the risk of colliding with objects that are outside of the rider

envelope (e.g.starfishing) · Never add slack into a system that is meant for Fall Restraint or Fall Arrest · Always refer to OEM Manuals for correct body positioning for HeadRush products installed on the course · Participant hands shall be above the feet at all times · No excessive spinning · With systems utilizing a free-fall component, participants shall hold lanyards above the point of connection to

mitigate cross-loading of connection points.

4.5. Belaying

4.5.1. Overview

Belaying is used in technical rescues and at some rappel stations. The belayer is solely responsible for maintaining the correct amount of friction and tension in the rope; including controlling the speed of the climber’s descent and preventing free fall. Belaying is a learned skill that is outside of the scope of an Operations Manual. Belaying techniques are widely used in the aerial adventure arena and many training and written resources cover the subject. The Operator shall employ the belay method specified for the rescues and rappel stations on the installed course. Additionally, the Operator shall defer to the third party manufacturer recommendations for use of a belay device, auto-belay device, or controlled descent device. The Operator staff shall never belay with a device, method, or technique with which they are unfamiliar.

4.5.2. Communication

The Operator shall develop and implement a communication system to confirm that the receiving staff is on belay using the specified belay method before transferring a person to the dynamic belay. The communication protocol shall use specific phrasing, signaling, and involve both the sending and receiving staff.

4.5.3. Methods of Belaying and Purposes Served

Methods

Using the Body

The Hip Belay technique is the sole body belay that the Manufacturer specifies for use. The Hip Belay produces a low friction belay relative to other methods and is therefore inadvisable to use unless necessary or in conjunction with a high friction belay device. Particular care and consideration should be taken when the climber weighs more than the belayer or when the climber is injured.

Using a Belay Device / Descender Reference the third party manufacturer recommendations for use of the belay devices / descenders installed on

the course. The Fireman’s Belay is also used in conjunction with a belay device for the back-up belay purpose. A Fireman’s Belay has not been shown to arrest free fall in situations outside of those where a high friction belay device is used.

Purposes

Wherever possible, the Manufacturer seeks to create redundancy. The Operator shall employ a primary belay in conjunction with a back-up belay if specified. For each technical rescue and rappel system, there will be a primary belay method specified and a belay method to be used as the back-up belay if feasible. Refer to the Utilization of Emergency Systems portion of the Scope of Operations for the hazards associated with removal of the primary systems and reliance on the emergency systems.

4.5.4. Specified Belay Methods

Rappel Systems

DEUS 7500 Controlled Descent Device · Primary Belay

· The DEUS device · Back-Up Belay

· Fireman’s Belay performed by the receiving staff

TRUBLUE Auto-Belay, QUICKjump Free Fall Device, and FlightLine Free Fall Device · Primary Belay

· The device · Back-Up Belay

· No back-up belay is required as it is integrated into the existing system.

4.6. Life Safety Systems

4.6.1. Identifying Appropriate Anchor Points

Overview

When on the course, at-height, and in fall potential zones, all staff and participants shall be attached to at least one Appropriate Anchor Point at all times. At-height is defined for the purposes of this Operations Manual as any height at or above 6 ft. Persons shall be attached to an Appropriate Anchor Point anytime they will travel into an at-height area as part of accessing that element (e.g. continual attachment while traveling on a ramp or up to an element). A course can have a multitude of Appropriate Anchor Points or only one. Efforts have been made by the Manufacturer

to make these anchor points obvious, efficient, and ergonomic. Additionally, efforts have been made to prevent the use of Inappropriate Anchor Points. The Operator shall develop the ability of staff to recognize Appropriate Anchor Points and only use anchor points that meet the following criteria:

· Rated with a Breaking Strength of at least 5,000 lbs of vertical force · Full strength in accordance with the component material manufacturer specifications for terminations · Limit mobility to prevent free fall of greater than 2 ft while attached to any part of the anchor

Appropriate Anchor Points

· Yoke terminations · Wrap terminations · Belay Hoops · Belay Bridles · Element belay cables · Roped ladder ascension systems · Rappel systems Ascension systems are not considered Appropriate Anchor Points without the user input designated for the system.

Rappel systems are not considered Appropriate Anchor Points without the required primary belay and back-up belay (if required).

4.6.2. General Transfer Sequence Criteria

The Operator shall only allow persons to make transfers that are designated as the responsible party in the Specifications, Requirements, and Limitations portion of the Scope of Operations section of the Manual. Regardless of the fall restraint system and lanyards used, all travel and transfers through the course shall follow these basic rules:

· Persons shall be attached to an Appropriate Anchor Point at all times while on the course and at-height in a fall hazard area

· Persons shall ensure that when transferring at height, they are appropriately connecting and checking the new system / lanyard before removing the other

· Persons shall attach both lanyards to an Appropriate Anchor Point whenever not in the process of transferring (when using Dual-leg lanyards)

· Persons with dual leg lanyards shall only transfer one lanyard at a time (when using Dual-leg lanyards) · Persons shall adjust the length of lanyards to prevent free fall of greater than 2 ft · Persons shall never overload the Appropriate Anchor Points compliant with the Limitations set forth in the

Scope of Operations section

4.6.3. Fall Restraint Systems and Element Traverse

Fall restraint systems are intended to prevent a fall from occurring. A fall restraint system can prevent the user from impacting the ground but will offer no protection from bodily harm or death in the event of a free fall. The use of the specified fall restraint system for the installed course is described in the text below.

Adjustable Restraint Lanyard(s)

Per the above General Transfer Sequence the Operator shall adjust the Restraint Lanyard(s) to limit mobility and prevent free fall of greater than 2 ft. The webbing length is adjusted by de-camming the buckle and sliding the webbing to achieve the desired length. The connectors are dual action and operate by disengaging the initial locking mechanism and then opening the gate of the connector. The connectors are auto-locking and upon release of the gate the connector gate will close and lock automatically. The user shall visually confirm that the gate of the recently operated connector is closed before transferring the second lanyard in a Y-lanyard system.

Smart Belay Lanyards

Refer to the fall protection system manufacturer notice or manual for operating instructions. · ISC RP420 Keeloc SmartSnap Belay Device

4.6.4. Challenge Elements

If the Manufacturer specifies that participants shall be accompanied by staff anytime they are on a platform at-height, the Operator shall develop a system to prevent participants from becoming active on challenge elements and traveling to unoccupied platforms.

Standard Challenge Elements & Climbing Walls

To become active on standard challenge elements and climbing walls, follow the transfer sequence for the specified Fall Restraint system.

4.6.5. Vertical Fall Arrest Systems

In any Vertical Fall Arrest System, the Operator shall always keep the auto-blocking knot or device at chest level or above for the climber. The person shall be attached to the system at their belay loop with either a supplied single carabiner or a supplied short tether and single carabiner. The goal of the system is to capture the climber progress and eliminate any fall distance.

ALF Climb-Assist Pulley

User input while climbing is unnecessary for the ALF Climb-Assist Pulley

1. Attach the connector from the bottom-most Alpine Butterfly Knot to the climber’s belay loop.

2. Ensure the carabiner is locked.

3. Attach the ISC RP420 Keeloc SmartSnap Belay Device to the upper Alpine Butterlfly Knot via the ISC Ring Key.

4. Ascend

5. The continuous loop will send knots to the base.

Refer to the ALF Climb-Assist Pulley manufacturer notice or manual for how to de-cam the device. If the climber falls and the device engages, the climber will continue climbing and the device will disengage. Staff also have the option of de-camming the device and lowering the person to the base.

4.6.6. Angled Lifeline Systems

On Angled Lifeline Systems, participants pass installed progress capture devices. In the event of a fall, user input is not required. Participants may resume activity from the point at which progress is captured.

4.6.7. Rappel Systems

The person shall be attached to the system at their belay loop with either a supplied single carabiner or a supplied short tether and single carabiner.

4.6.7.1. Communication

The Operator shall develop and implement a communication system to confirm that the receiving staff is on belay using the specified belay method before transferring a person to the dynamic belay. The communication protocol shall use specific phrasing, standard climbing terms, and involve both the sending and receiving staff.

E.G. "On Belay?" "Belay is On"; "Transferring" "Transfer"; "Lower" "Lowering"

4.6.7.1. DEUS 7300 Controlled Descent Device

Refer to the rappel system manufacturer notice or manual for Operating Instructions. The specified lanyard system shall be considered and the following steps integrated into the rappel system

manufacturer guidelines:

When facilitating a participant:

1. Attach the lower Alpine Butterfly Knot to the belay loop with the supplied equipment.

2. Ensure the carabiner is locked.

3. Explain to the participant their responsibilities.

4. Confirm that the receiving staff is on (fireman) belay.

5. Attach the ISC RP420 Keeloc SmartSnap Belay Device to the upper Alpine Butterlfly Knot via the ISC Ring Key.Remove all slack from the system.

6. Allow for descent.

Solo staff rappel:

1. Transfer one lanyard to the topmost Alpine Butterfly Knot.

2. Attach the lower Alpine Butterfly Knot to the belay loop with the supplied equipment.

3. Ensure the carabiner is locked.

4. Place self on belay with the brake strand of the rope.

5. Confirm that the receiving staff is on (fireman) belay.

6. Transfer the second lanyard onto the connector of the first lanyard.

7. Remove all slack from the system.

8. Allow for descent.

4.6.7.2. TRUBLUE Auto Belay, QUICKjump Free Fall Device, and FlightLine

Refer to the rappel system manufacturer notice or manual for Operating Instructions. The specified lanyard system shall be considered and the following steps integrated into the rappel system

manufacturer guidelines:

1. Attach the webbing end to the belay loop with the supplied equipment.

2. Ensure the carabiner is locked and the landing zone is clear.

3. Explain to the participant their responsibilities (including correct body orientation and hand placement)

4. (Where applicable) transfer lanyards from original anchor system OR move the participant from the gated area to the point of descent.

5. Allow for descent.

4.7. Technical Rescues

4.7.1. Overview

Instruction in First Aid and its application is beyond the scope of the Operations Manual. Therefore, the Operator shall develop a system for the training of staff in First Aid and develop guidelines for the limits in the application of such training.

For all rescues requiring traversing a zip line to a participant, the staff shall approach the participant from a point above that will not endanger the staff if the participant begins progressing on the zip line.

4.7.2. Evacuation Procedures

The Manufacturer has provided instructions below to meet all foreseeable rescue needs on the course. However, every scenario cannot be accounted and trained for. The Manufacturer recommends that the Operator obtain Rescue Training to allow staff to problem solve and respond appropriately in surprising or advanced rescue scenarios.

The specified rescues allow for evacuation off of the course but do not take into account emergency access issues, Operator provided transport, and other factors over which the Manufacturer has no control. The Operator shall develop evacuation procedures and routes which account for site-specific factors, needs, and resources.

4.7.3. Communication

The Operator shall develop and implement a communication system to alert the sending staff to halt activity where the rescue is occurring. The communication protocol shall use specific phrasing, signaling, and involve both the sending and receiving staff. The communication could prevent sending on an occupied zip line or halt course flow to direct efforts and attention to the rescue occurring. In the event of a rescue requiring in-house support or emergency response, the rescuing staff shall communicate to Ground Support:

· Where on course support is needed · What type of support is needed (e.g. police, EMS) · The nature of the injury or illness · Pertinent information about the participant

4.7.4. Platform Lower Down

When evacuation is necessary on a platform at-height, staff shall perform a Platform Lower Down. All Platform Lower Down rescues require the assembly of an anchor system for the attachment of the belay device. The location the anchor is built shall consider risk factors associated with incoming persons to the rescue location and the hazards of the ground. The anchor built must solely utilize full strength components, locking carabiners, and be of sufficient length to clear the platform edge. Staff shall always utilize the belay methods designated in the Belaying portion of the Operating Systems section. If staff utilize a staff member to act as the receiving person on belay, that staff member shall be considered Ground Support for the purpose of the rescue.

Challenge Course

1. Assemble an anchor.

2. Ensure that the anchor is secured to a fixed Appropriate Anchor Point.

3. Remove the pre-loaded rope and belay device from the rope bucket and attach the carabiner from the top of the belay device either the bottom-most receiving hole of the trolley set or to fixed appropriate anchor point.

4. Attach the rope to the participant belay loop.

5. Staff can choose to belay from the top or bottom. If belaying from the top, place self on belay for the participant. If belay provided from the ground, send the rope to Ground Support waiting below.

6. If the participant is unconscious, create a temporary support to keep the participant upright by connecting the participant chest harness to the rope end.

7. Remove all slack from the system, check the entire system and confirm that the belaying staff is on belay.

8. Transfers the participant lanyard(s) from the fixed anchor point.

9. Allow for descent.

4.7.5. Simul-Lower / Pick-Off

In the event that a rappel system fails during descent, and or staff deem that a standard midline lower cannot be performed, staff shall perform a Simul-Lower / Pick-Off in order to provide descent for the participant to the Landing Zone or ground. The staff shall perform the following steps of the rescue:

1. Connect rescue system to a a fixed appropriate anchor point

2. Attach the rope to staff’s belay loop

3. Drop the rope bucket or attach the rope bucket to staff (rescuer’s) harness.

4. Remove all slack from the system.

5. Perform a systems check.

6. Confirm that the belay is ‘on’.

7. Remove lanyards from the fixed anchor point and lower to the participant.

8. If using a rappel or descent device, upon reaching area of rescue, unless the descent device has a locked position or feature as defined by the equipment manufacturer, the device must be locked-off to mitigate fall potential.

9. Clip to the participant using an anchoring system or steel auto-locking carabiners (no more than 2) from belay point to belay point .

10. Perform a systems check.

11. Ensure the participant’s entire weight is on the rescuer’s anchoring system; mechanical advantage can be used to create this position.

12. Disengage the participant from the failed system. It may be necessary to cut an element of the participant’s failed system.

13. Lower to the Landing Zone with the participant attached.

SECTION 5: LOCAL OPERATING PROCEDURES & RECORD KEEPING

5.1. Local Operating Procedures

Local Operating Procedures are a part of what the Manufacturer believes to be three essential texts for course operation: the Operations Manual, the Local Operating Procedures, and a supporting text for staff training. Local Operating Procedures are a thorough description of policies and procedures specific to the Operator or the Organization. Local Operating Procedures can eliminate the need for most Organizational training and serve as a key resource for any local operations training. The supporting text for staff training should be focused on core concepts and facilitation skills essential for operation of the physical course. The Operator shall develop some level of Local Operating Procedures. The level of comprehensiveness and content of the LOP will depend on the Organization’s specific needs. The Manufacturer has provided a sample outline in the Local Operating Procedures Appendix that reflects the recommended contents of thorough Local Operating Procedures.

5.2. Course Documentation

5.2.1. Risk Management, Compliance, and Training

The Operator shall prioritize the development of documentation that is of particular importance to risk management, standards compliance, and training. The following documentation falls in this category:

· Course Opening and Closing Procedures · Job Hazard Analysis · Employee Portfolios · Training/Certification Records · Participant Agreements · Incident Response Plans

5.2.2. Incident Response Plans

Incident Response Plans or Emergency Action Plans (EAP) are site-specific plans developed in order to respond quickly, responsibly, and safely to a variety of incidents that can occur when operating a course. A well-developed plan shall be developed by the organization and take into account the following:

· The people involved · The available resources · Potential incidents that can occur based on the inherent risks and risk factors associated with the activity · Protocol for staff to follow once the incident has been identified · Protocol for staff to follow once the incident has been dealt with including both debriefing the incident and

collecting necessary documentation All staff must be familiar with the Incident Response Plan, be capable of performing assigned roles, and must fully

understand the risks involved with the operation of a course. The Operator shall consult and coordinate biannually with local emergency responders on the Incident Response Plan.

5.3. Required Records

Documentation and retention of that documentation is a powerful tool for the Operator concerning risk management, asset management, legal protection, and transparency. Varying levels and times of retention are mandated for documentation. The types of documentation an Operator must collect and retain vary by municipality, state, and country. It is the Operators duty to research these requirements and retain that documentation for the time period specified. The Manufacturer requires the following documentation be completed, filed, and stored for the life of the product:

· Acceptance Inspection Report · Professional Inspection Reports · Periodic/Special Inspection Reports · Daily / Pre-Use Inspection Reports · Participant Cycles Logs · Issues and Maintenance Logs · Third Party Manufacturer Certificates, Notices, and Manuals · Specialty Operating Instructions · Variances · Course Modification Records · Course Addition Records · Incident Reports · Annual Incident Analysis Reports

5.4. Transfer of Records and Reporting

Appropriate measures shall be in place to ensure the above records are easily searchable, in digital format, and protected from loss/destruction through safe storage. These records shall be available upon request from the Manufacturer or Professional Inspector. All of the records listed above may not be necessary for each scenario below and direction for what is required will be given as part of the request. Records shall be transferred during the following time intervals:

· Prior to any third party training

· Prior to any Professional Inspection · Upon request after a Major Medical Incident or Critical Course Failure as defined in the Cessation of Operations

portion of the Scope of Operations section · At the end of the operating season and/or annually with the requirement being the shorter of the two intervals

(e.g. a course with two distinct operating seasons will submit the information bi-annually while a course that operates year round will submit annually)

The Operator shall notify the Manufacturer of a Major Medical Incident or Critical Course Component Failure within 48 hours of the incident. Requested records shall be transferred in response to the incident during this timeframe. The Manufacturer will use these records to disseminate any appropriate recommendations and will provide notice to Operators within 7 days.

Appendix 1: Course Map

Appendix 2: PPE and Rescue Kits

2.1. PPE Marking and Labeling Guidelines

2.1.1. Overview

PPE items must be marked in a way to tie them into inspection records. Labeling systems can vary from complicated numeric codes and Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags to simple color markings. Labels should be at minimum semi-permanent and be in a place that has no effect on the use or performance of the equipment. In general, markings covering manufacturer information and coding on the products should be avoided but it is allowable if the marking is traceable back to that information. Become familiar with the interpretation of manufacturer markings. These contain important information about product limitations, use, and production (e.g. if a product has a lifetime, you can back calculate its age from some manufacturer serial numbers). The best area to mark a product is usually near the manufacturer markings.

2.1.2. Labeling Criteria for Specific Items of PPE

Metal Components · Marking tools include tape, stickers, tags, electric engravers, RFID chips, and metal paint · Never use a stamp or punch to label metal components · When using an electric engraver, do not engrave deeper than 0.1 mm and avoid high stress areas (e.g. rivets,

bolts, etc.) · Do not place tape where the rope will run · If using paint, choose metallic-compatible paint

Textile Components · Marking tools include indelible pen, stickers, tags, RFID chips · Only mark on labels and comfort parts · If possible, use labels that are not exposed to outer elements (e.g. labels with a Velcro cover)

Helmets · Marking tools include tape, stickers, tags, RFID chips · Only mark on comfort parts · Do not paint or put stickers on the helmet shell · Manufacturer provided helmet safe stickers are allowed · Do not engrave plastic

Ropes · Marking tools include tape, adhesive labels, and heat shrink · Only mark on rope ends and mark rope at both ends · Use heat shrink plastic to protect the label and take care not to overheat the rope · Manufacturer labels typically provide the needed information but retain the accompanying manufacturer

documentation · If the rope is cut it must be relabeled on each end with the following information:

· The name of the manufacturer · The type of rope · The CE mark with the number of the certifying body · The length · The diameter · The identification number containing the year of manufacture · The product model number

Appendix 3: Sample Inspection and Maintenance Documentation

3.1. Daily Operations Checklist

3.2. Course Inspection Form

Daily Pre-Use Aerial Adventure Course Inspection Form

Course: _______________________________________

Course Components Component Inspected Issues Comment Number

Trails Tripping Hazards Mulch levels (if applicable) Hazardous Branches, Protrusions Erosion Concerns Wooden Features (stairs, walls, foot bridges, etc.) showing cracks, splitting, and/or significant movement

Trees Major Cracks or Damage, esp. near critical terminations

Overgrowth of Course Hardware Dead / Hazardous Limbs Significant Leaf Cover Loss Tree Pads (if applicable) Surrounding Soil Conditions / Root Systems / Mulch levels

Poles Shifting or Leaning Horizontal or Helical Cracking Vertical Cracking (deeper than 2”) Draining and Erosion Concerns Gaps Around Pole Base

Guy Anchors Newly Exposed Metal Disturbed Soil Deformation or Bending of Anchor Rods Evidence of Slippage Degradation of Concrete Terminations The Criterial described above may be visually inspected from the platform as part of a Daily/Pre-Use Inspection

Structural Steel Cracked Welds Looseness or Torsional Movement Lilting or Sloping

Decking Loose and/or Missing Hardware Loose and/or Missing Boards Continued Attachment of Overhead Hazards (Participant Step-Ups)

Participant Protective Elements Tree Overgrowth at Reveal Cuts

Bolts

Shifting or Slippage Loosening of Nuts Reduction in Exposed Threads Compressed Double-Coil Washers

Blocking Shifting of the Blocks Cables Encompassed by Block Channels Compressive Cracking Blocks Expanded to Head of Lag Bolts

Wire Rope Clips Looseness of Nuts Slippage or Newly Exposed Metal Newly Rotated Clips Uneven Spacing of Clips Reduction in Exposed Threads

Wire Rope Fraying Broken Strands Bird Caging Flattened, Kinked, or Other Damaged Areas Gouging or Damage to Nylon Coating Area Impact Hazards Dramatic Changes to Tension or Sag Broken Wires

Zip Lines Spacing on Dual-Cable Systems Corridor Clearances Tension Operational Life Documented/ Updated

Knots Thimbles in Place and Intact Tied Correctly and Dressed Properly Shifting of Tails or Sucking Through Harsh Bends

Braking Systems Knots Shuttle Degradation Increase or Decrease in Tension or Sag Snags in the System New Friction or Abrasion on Rope Function of Deployment of Brake and Return Refer to Equipment Manufacturer Specifications for Further Inspection Criteria (if Applicable)

Elements

Knots Pins in Place and Secure Where Utilized Lilting or Leaning Loose Element Components

Rappel Systems Side Plates and Casing in Good Condition Function of Deployment and Return of the Traveler

Function of Deployment and Return of Robe / Webbing

Pins in Place and Secure Where Utilized Existence of Abrasive or Sharp Surfaces Refer to Equipment Manufacturer Specifications for Further Inspection Criteria (if Applicable)

PPE Components Component Inspected Issues Comment Number

Rescue Bags Rescue Bags in Place All Items Accounted For Condition of Items

Ascenders Condition of Body and Anti-Return Stop Condition of the Cam Condition of the Security Catch Opening of the Security Catch Effectiveness of the Spring of Cam Effectiveness of the Spring of Security Catch Operational Test on the Rope

Anchor Devices Condition of the Webbing Condition of the Stitching Condition of the Anchor Buckles Condition of the Adjustment Buckles

Belay Devices Condition of the Fixed and Moving Sidepieces

Condition of the Friction Components Condition of the Handle Condition of the Locking Components Effectiveness of the Return Spring of the Moving Pulley / Handle

Effectiveness of the Return Spring of the Handle

Opening and Closing of the Moving Sidepiece

Operational Test on the Rope Descenders

Condition of the Fixed and Moving Parts Condition of the Friction Elements Condition of the Moving Cam / Handle Assembly

Condition of the Locking Elements Condition of the Anti-Error Catch

Effectiveness of the Springs Operation of the Moving Sidepiece Operational Test on the Rope

Connectors Visual Check Check of the Alignment of the Gate w/ Hook Check of the Return Spring and the Articulation of the Gate

Operation of the Locking System Harnesses

Condition of the Webbing Condition of the Load-Bearing Stitching Condition of the Attachment Buckles Condition of the Fastening Buckles Compatibility of the Comfort Components Condition of the Non-Load Bearing Stitching Functional Check

Helmets Condition of the Outside Shell Condition of the Inside Shell Condition of Helmet Foam Condition of Cradle Condition of Cradle Fixings Condition of Padding of Headband Condition of Accessory Clips Operation of Headband Adjustment Operation of the Nape of the Neck Adjustment

Operation of Chin Strap Adjustment Mobile Fall Arrest Devices

Condition of Body Condition of Articulated Arm Condition of Anti-Return Stop Condition of Locking Wheel Condition of Spring Condition of Protective Cover Compatibility and Condition of Connector Effectiveness of Return Spring for the Articulated Arm

Rotation of Locking Wheel Sliding

Lanyards

Condition of Rope Condition of Lanyard Condition of Stitching Condition of Sidepieces, Friction Components, and Locking Mechanisms

Check of Freedom of the Moving Parts to Rotate

Condition of Protective Components Compatibility Check of Adjustment of Lanyard Check of Operation of Connector

Ropes Condition of Sheath Tactile Check of Rope Core Condition of Protective Components and Stitching

Condition of Knots Check of Length

Energy Absorbers Condition of Webbing Condition of Safety Stitching Condition of Energy Absorber Condition of Protective Elements Compatibility

Pulleys Condition of Safety Elements Condition of Body Condition of Sheave Grooves Condition of Rivet Axles Condition of Moving Sidepieces Operational Check of Pulley Operational Check of Connection Operational Check of Opening of Sidepieces

Comment # Comments

* Comments shall be transcribed to Maintenance Logs following performance of tasks

The total of items within this Inspection Form were found to be in substantial compliance with Manufacturer Specifications and applicable Industry Standards. Inspector’s Initials: _________________

Date: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Inspecting Staff: ___________________________________________________________________________ Manager Signature: _________________________________________________________________________

3.3. Rope Log

3.4. PPE Issues and Maintenance Log

3.5. Course Issues and Maintenance Log

Appendix 4: Local Operating Procedures (LOP)

4.1. Sample LOP Outline

Purpose

Glossary of Organizational Terms

Applicable Laws, Standards, and Guidelines

1. The Organization

1.1. Mission 1.2. Ethos 1.3. Organizational Background 1.4. Organizational Structure 1.5. Insurance

2. Human Resources

2.1. Hiring, Orientation, and Probationary Process 2.2. Job Descriptions and Task Lists 2.2.1. Qualifications & Certifications 2.2.2. Roles 2.2.3. Responsibilities 2.2.4. Personnel Files 2.3. Training 2.4. Staffing Model 2.5. Rotations 2.6. Scheduling

3. Employment Policies

3.1. Code of Conduct 3.1.1. Expected Behavior 3.1.2. Harassment 3.1.3. Confidentiality 3.1.4. Non-Solicitation 3.2. Tobacco, Alcohol and Controlled Substance Use & Management 3.3. Absence and Tardiness 3.4. Conflict Resolution 3.4.1. Internal Complaints 3.4.2. External Complaints 3.5. Time Off 3.6. Uniforms 3.7. Travel 3.8. Purchasing 3.9. Disciplinary Action 3.10. Performance Evaluations 3.11. Compensation & Benefits

4. Workplace Safety

4.1. Site Orientation 4.2. Site Hazards 4.2.1. Personal Protective Equipment 4.2.2. Fall Protection 4.2.3. Hazardous Chemical Storage 4.2.4. Machinery 4.3. First Aid and Universal Precautions 4.4. Workmen’s Compensation

5. Participant Service

5.1. Registration & Ticketing 5.2. Pricing & Refunds 5.3. Participant Reception 5.4. Participant Screening 5.5. Professional Interaction 5.6. Interpretive Programming

6. Daily Operations

6.1. Operating Hours 6.2. Opening Procedures 6.3. Closing Procedures 6.4. Vehicle Operation 6.5. Efficiency 6.5.1. Course Processes and Allotted Time 6.6. Security

7. Documentation

7.1. Standards 7.2. Required Documentation 7.3. Retention Requirements 7.4. File Storage & Back- Up

8. Communications

8.1. Technology & Systems Use 8.2. Radio Structure and Use 8.3. Dissemination of Necessary Information

9. Equipment Management

9.1. Method Statement 9.2. Equipment Acquisition Process 9.3. Approved Equipment List 9.4. Storage of Notices and Manuals 9.5. Traceability and Marking 9.6. Inspection Regime 9.7. Inspection Records 9.8. Maintenance and Quarantine 9.9. Recurring Problems and Faults Logs 9.10. Storage Methods

10. Risk Management System

10.1. Types of Risks 10.2. Risk Management Assessment 10.3. Remediation

11. Incident Response

11.1. Cessation of Operations Plan 11.1.1. Environmental Policies 11.2. External Support 11.3. Common Incidents 11.4. Incident Response Plans 11.4.1. Incident Response Staff Roles & Responsibilities 11.4.2. Rules of Response 11.4.3. Evacuation Routes 11.4.4. Incident Response Plans 11.5. Incident Reporting 11.5.1. Internal Reporting 11.5.2. External Reporting

12. Community Relations

12.1. Branding 12.2. Marketing 12.3. Community Service 12.4. Sustainability Plan 12.5. Media & Public Relations

Appendices

A. Hiring Process B. Interview Questions C. Human Resources Orientation Checklist D. Training Competency Confirmations E. Timesheet, Mileage, and Reimbursement Forms F. Time Off Request Form G. Performance Evaluation Form H. Employment Policies Acknowledgement I. Site Orientation Acknowledgement J. Job Hazard Analysis K. Wildlife Photos and Hazard Details L. PPE Sign Out Form M. MSDS Sheets N. First Aid Location Map O. Participant Orientation Speech P. Interpretive Plan Q. Interpretive Bibliography R. Technology & Systems Agreement S. Daily Operations Checklist T. Vehicle Operations Checklist U. Daily, Pre-Use PPE Inspection Form V. Daily, Pre-Use Course Inspection Form W. PPE Quarantine Form X. Risk Assessment Y. Evacuation Route Map Z. Incident Report Form AA. Brand Standards

Appendix 5: Addendums

5.1. Specialty Operating Instructions

5.2. Variances

5.3. Course Modifications

5.4. Course Additions