GETTING PUBLISHED; A How-To GuideMarcus C. Ravnan, Pharm.D., Professor, Pharmacy practiceUniversity of the PacificThomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health SciencesChair, CSHP Editorial Advisory BoardDeepti Vyas, Pharm.D.,Associate Professor, Pharmacy practiceUniversity of the PacificThomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences

Disclosure

In preparing this presentation, the presenters disclose that there are no potentially biasing relationships of a professional or personal nature that exist related to the content or direction of this educational presentation. We have no relevant financial interests or other relationships with the manufacturer(s) of commercial products and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in this educational presentation.

Thank you all in advance for attending

Learning Objectives

Pharmacists who attend this presentation should;

• be able to formulate a plan that relates to the work, finish, publish philosophy.

• be better equipped to select projects, data and activities that are publish worthy.

• be able to describe the publishing process, its rigors, rules and rewards.

Learning Objectives

Technicians who attend this presentation should;

• be able to formulate a plan that relates to the work, finish, publish philosophy.

• be better equipped to select projects, data and activities that are publish worthy.

• be able to describe the publishing process, its rigors, rules and rewards.

•Why should we get published?

•What types of publications are possible?

•Where should you seek to submit for publication?

•Who can help you?

•What are some insights and/or tips that might help you get the job done?

Why and How to get Published

•ASHP Site Accreditation•CV Building / Accomplishment•Profession Advancement•Teaching / Mentoring•Written communication skill development•A form of Immortality•Sharing of teaching / scholarly / research material•Esteem/Respect of Colleagues, Self, Institution

Why get published?

•Poster/abstract

•Case Review / Report or ADR report

•What is my practice like report

•Review a drug

•Therapeutics review

•Quality improvement reports

•CE article

•Teaching focused idea piece

•Study, Trial, Conversion & Outcome

•Letter to the editor

Types of Publications

Practice Report• What unique practice, role or environment I work in

• Changes in your practice that work

• The “how to” of Pharmacy Practice

• Usually a personal article without a great deal of literature support (“soft science”)

• Generally 750-1500 words

• Sparks the interest of others to further develop pharmacy.

• You may find a new friend.

Types of Publications

Case/ADR Report• You have almost all the information you need and you probably already

looked up a solution

• Requires the least amount of work if you can be concise about the topic

• However, need to establish causality- sometimes difficult to prove

• Usually around 750-1000 words

• Good start and great way to help the profession

• Provides experience with obtaining consent

Types of Publications

Review a Drug, Therapeutics Review, CE• Very similar overall generally about 4-5K words

• Drug Review and CE’s are usually requested

• Therapeutics Reviews are welcome by almost all journals

• Best to work with someone or have some insights from someone with experience

• Consider contacting editors about the idea once it is developed

• Best way to help the profession and gets you into another peer group

Types of Publications

•Teaching Focused Idea◦ AJPE is always looking for papers in working with students, residents, staff

◦ Similar to Practice Reports but evaluates and comments on mentoring, precepting ideas

◦ Teaching students, residents and others is the least scientific environment today, most of what we do is habit or “that is how I learned”

◦ Easy to do but needs to be well written

Types of Publications

•Study, Trial, Conversion• Much easier in a teaching/research environment but not impossible in

most environments

• Must work with someone well versed in research and trial design

• Must have specific goals and outcomes

• Must have all boxes checked, Human Subjects Training, Informed Consent, Legal & Ethical Training

• Most difficult, most time consuming, may be most rewarding

Types of Publications

•Study, Trial, Conversion (continued)• Must decide early your personal research intent

• Loaded with responsibility

•A word about Conversion Studies• These are easy

• You probably already do many of these

• The VA’s publish the most in this area

• Requires a before and after target and patient satisfaction survey

Types of Publications

•An English chemist and physicist and closet philosopher who made discoveries of the principles underlying electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism and electrolysis.

•Although Faraday received little formal education, he was one of the most influential scientists in history and considered one of the greatest scientific discoverers of all time.

Faraday’s Work, Finish Publish

Work. “This is the absolute most essential thing. Whether you’re discovering fundamental principles of magnetism or writing a book where you explain science to a talking dog, you need to do the work. Not talk about doing the work, not fiddle with calendar apps and word-processing programs– do the work. If you’re doing science, get into the lab and do some science; if you’re writing, park your butt in front of your favorite writing implement, and write.”

Dr. Chad Orzel, Well known author and professor of Physics & Astronomy

Work

Finish. One of the great things about science is that it’s never really over we are forever finding new wrinkles in old problems, which inspires continued investigation. However, at some point you must declare “I am finished”. You’re never going to wrap everything up completely, and some loose threads will always have to be left dangling. The same is true of writing as you can never tie off every thread. At some point, you’re Finished, and need to move on to the next thing.

Finish

Publish. When it comes to writing you’re not a success until what you wrote appears.

Steps involved

1. Get editorial feedback which is necessary to improve in both science and writing.

2. This is the only way to find out how your work appears outside of your own head and it will get you feedback that will help you be successful down the road.

3. Take feedback as advice and edit or revise as you feel convicted.

4. Plan ahead for ‘revision time’ and stay on top of editing guidelines

PublishThe Mark of True Success

• Formulary

• P&T

• Hospital Pharmacy

• US Pharmacist

• Organization Journals

• CSHP, ASHP

• CPhA, APhA

• ACCP

• ACPE

• Professional Power Journals, Science and Medical Journals

Where could you Publish initially

•Professional Power Journals• AJHP

• JAPhA

• Pharmacotherapy

• Annals of Pharmacotherapy

• Pharmacology and Therapeutics

• Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy

• AJPE

• Clinical Therapeutics

Where could you publish?

• A regional, national, international conference poster is generally published in the organization’s journal Sometimes a poster is the first step before publishing the full manuscript

• You could participate in a plenary or special session• You could utilize a presentation as a publishing template• Working with a group on a ‘White Paper’ is a great experience• While reading a journal of choice look for opportunities to add

to the commentary of an article• Letters to the editor can be short and can get your name out

there

Where could you publish?

• Topic must be of interest to the journal• Journal must disseminate to your likely audience• Know the Impact factor –

average number of times published papers are cited in a journal in a specified time period after publication

• High impact journals are most competitive• Read some papers in the journal to determine the style• Talk to the editor to determine interest in your work• Review the author guidelines

Selecting a Journal

This is the committee responsible for approving and monitoring research studies

Reviews may take time so get your protocol reviewed and approved well in advance

Don’t Forget the Institutional Review Board…

•Volunteer to be a reviewer

•Start projects with to publish by putting together a “project draft”

•Read papers for ideas, style/format, and gaps in the literature

•Write up novel ideas especially if you have data

•Get used to writing, it will get easier with time

•Be critical of any ideas you come up with

•If necessary, get a statistician involved before you start the project

•Find your mentors/research team

•Put together a roster of people you like and would like to work with

•Take a GOOD look at your calendar and plan accordingly

How To Get Started

•This is the ‘recipe’ that will be followed

•Should present a deliberate and obvious approach to answer the research question

•Must be very clear and concise

•Make sure what you desire as an outcome is ‘testable & measurable’

•If available seek out a published protocol or a related published paper

•An important question to ask in the beginning, middle and end – “Would another researcher be able to reproduce this study with the information I am providing in the methods section?”

•Finally be sure to only describe methods which derive latter results

Start your research with sound methods

•Determine authorship before starting

•Divide up the work fairly

•Be prepared to make edits

•Make the style and language consistent throughout the paper

•Obtain peer review of drafts from an unbiased party

•Consider review by non-medical/non-science party

Publishing in a journal

• Determine what others are using

• Determine if any manager is already integrated in your current databases

• Some options:◦ EndNote

◦ RefWorks

◦ Firefox’s Zotero

Citation Management Software

• Students

• Residents

• Nursing Staff

• Physicians

• Research personnel

• University Faculty

Who can help?

•Have some well read colleagues read your paper just prior to submission

•If accepted, get your edits and proofs back ASAP

•Maintain an open line of communication with the Editor before, during and after submission

•Sometimes papers are accepted with revision, sometimes major revision

•Sometimes manuscripts get rejected• First, get over the hurt, frustration and feelings of exasperation

• Open the lines of communication and ask for insight that will help you improve

• This is a learning opportunity and although unpleasant can help you improve on many levels

• Finally, get back up and try, try again

• Try another journal

From Great to Disappointment

1. An important question to answer when creating methods is?a) Would another researcher be able to reproduce this study with the

information I am providing in the methods section?b) Would another researcher be able to copy my study and take all the credit

for my work if my methods are too descriptive and clear?c) Would lengthy and detailed methods be better than short and concise

methods?d) What is the importance of the methods section considering I am covering

everything in results and discussion sections anyway?

A is the correct answer

Test Questions

2. Which of the following is true?a) The primary author is the person noted on the paper who has mostly served

as the papers reviewer usually doing the least amount of work.b) The primary author is the person who usually has the most time and work

invested in the publication and is the person who holds the first line of responsibility for the publications content and integrity.

c) Excluding the primary author, other authors listed on a publication have limited responsibility for the publications content and integrity.

d) A and C are both true

B is the correct answer

Test Questions

3. Which of the following should you do before considering publishing?a) Take on a role as a reviewer.b) Read up. The best authors are well read authors.c) Put together a strong peer support group who will help and critique your work.d) Consider your target journals author guidelines making sure you can meet teir

needs while meeting your own. e) All of the above should be considered.

E is the correct answer

Test Questions

http://scienceblogs.com/principles/2014/02/06/work-finish-publish/. Accessed August 21, 2016.

Hoogenboom, Manske. How to write a scientific article. The International Journal of Sports Physical. 2012(7)5:512-517.

http://www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/ug/research/paper.html. Accessed August 10, 2016.

https://www.liebertpub.com/media/pdf/English-Research-Article-Writing-Guide.pdf. Accessed August 10, 2016.

Kallestinova. How to Write Your First Research Paper. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 2011(84):181-190.

Day, Gastel. How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper. Greenwood Press; 7 edition (June 16, 2011).

Strunk, White. The Elements of Style. Pearson; 4th edition (August 2, 1999)

Thurman. The Only Grammar Book You'll Ever Need: A One-Stop Source for Every Writing Assignment. Adams Media (2003).

http://www.jclinepi.com/content/jce-Writing-Tips-Series. Writing Tip Series from Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. This series is highly recommended

References

Questions?

1. Write down the course code. Space has been provided in the daily program-at-a-glance sections of your program book.

2. To claim credit: Go to www.cshp.org/cpe before December 1, 2016.

Session Code: