Grow a Bird FeederGrow a Bird FeederGrow a Bird FeederGrow a Bird Feeder

Insects Insect biomass is essential to healthy bird populations. Virtually all terrestrial nestlings are raised on insects. ! is Common Yellowthroat and Black-capped Chickadee have captured food for their young. To provide birds with this most important food source, use insect-hosting native plants in your landscape.

Butterfl ies For butterfl ies, incorporate larval host plants in your landscape. For Gray Hairstreak – native legumes; for Luna Moths – native cherries, oaks and walnuts.

For more information on butterfl y larval host plants, see Kenn Kaufman’s Field Guide

to Butterfl ies of North America. 2003. Houghton Miffl in.

Birds Birds, especially warblers, depend heavily on moth and butterfl y larvae during migration. According to Douglas Tallamy (Bringing Nature Home; Timber Press, 2009) the top three larval hosts are oaks (Quercus species), native cherries (Prunus species) and willows (Salix species). Plant those native to your region in your home garden.

Availability of insects is crucial to migrating and nesting birds. Only native plants support insect biomass. Grow a Bird Feeder by planting native trees, shrubs, fl owers and grasses.

hostto B

H

Grey Hairstreak

Tiger Swallowtail

Baltimore Checkerspot

Great Southern White

Luna Moth

Inspired by Douglas Tallamy’s book “Bringing Nature Home”. Poster Sponsors: Saving Birds Thru Habitat (www.savingbirds.org), Jimmy F. New Foundation ( www.jfnfoundation.org), Little Garden Club of Leland, MI © 2010

Black-throated Blue WarblerCommon Yellowthroat Chestnut-sided WarblerHummingbird Sphynx Moth Larvae Prothonotary WarblerBlack-capped Chickadee

Photography by Jeff KingeryPhotography by Robert EpsteinPhotography by Doug Tallamy Photography by Doug Tallamy

Photography by Jeff Kingery Photography by Douglas Tallamy Photography by Robert Epstein

Painting by Susan Fawcett

GENERAL:Grow Native: • http://grownative.org/help/plantid.asp Armitage, M. Allan. 2006. • Armitage’s Native Plants for North American Gardens. Timber Press, Inc. Tallamy, Douglas. 2009. • Bringing Nature Home; How You Can Sustain Wildlife with Native Plants. Timber Press.Taylor, Patricia A. 1996. • Easy Care Native Plants: A Guide to Selecting and Using Beautiful American Flowers, Shrubs, and Trees in Gardens and Landscapes. Henry Holt & Co.Loewer, Peter. 1996. • Thoreau’s Garden: Native Plants for the American Landscape. Stackpole Books.

NEW ENGLAND:Regional Native Plants: • http://www.plantnative.org/rpl-nen.htmNew England Wild ower Society: • http://www.newfs.org/Kaczmarek, Frank. 2009. • New England Wild owers: A Guide to Common Plants. Globe Pequot Press.Leopold, Donald J. • Native Plants of the Northeast: A Guide for Gardening and Conservation.

MAINEUniversity of Maine:• http://extension.umaine.edu/publications/2502e/Heffernan, Maureen. 2002. • Native Plants for your Maine Garden. Native Book Network.

NEW HAMPSHIRE NPIN: Recommended Native Plants – New Hampshire:

http://www.wild ower.org/collections/collection.phpVERMONT

Native Plants: • http://www.nativeplant.org/index.htmlRecommended Native Plants: • http://www.wild ower.org/collections/collection.php

MASSACHUSETTSPlant Native: • http://www.plantnative.org/index.htmWhy Native Plants: • http://www.ma.nrcs.usda.gov/news/publications/Mass-Native_Trees_and_Wild owers.pdf

RHODE ISLANDPlant Native: • http://www.plantnative.org/index.htm

CONNECTICUTConnecticut Native Plants: • http://www.ct-botanical-society.org/garden/index.htmlButter y Nectar Connecticut:•

http://www.ct.nrcs.usda.gov/nectar_nativelist.html Hammerson A. Geoffrey. 2004.• Connecticut Wildlife: Biodiversity, Natural History and Conservation. University of New England.

EASTERN SEABOARD:Regional Plant List: • http://www.plantnative.org/rpl-denjny.htmRegional Plant• List: http://www.plantnative.org/rpl-mdvawv.htm

NEW JERSEYNew Jersey Nurseries: • http://www.plantnative.org/nd_netook.htmNative Plant Society: • http://www.npsnj.org/

DELAWAREDelaware Native Plants: • http://www.delawarenativeplants.org/Delaware Nursery: • http://www.dnlaonline.org/information/natives_nurseries.php

MARYLANDMaryland Plants: • http://md ora.org/ Planting Natives:• http://www.nps.gov/plants/pubs/nativesMD/info htm

NEW YORKNative Nurseries: • http://www.plantnative.org/nd_netook.htmThe Plantsmen Nursery: • http://www.plantsmen.com/index.phpWild Ones: • http://www.hgcny.org/index.htmlSpecializing in Native: • http://www. ddleheadcreek.com/native%20plant%20nursery/native%20plants.htmlGargiullo B. Margaret. 2007. • A Guide to Native Plants of the New York City Region. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.

GREAT LAKES:

Regional:JFNew Native Plant Nursery: • http://www.jfnew.com/nursery

PENNSYLVANIANative Plants: • http://www.plantnative.org/nd_patova.htmNative Plant List: • http://www.anthonylandscapes.com/native.htm

OHIONative Plants of Ohio: • http://ohioline.osu.edu/b865/b865_01.htmlRecommended Plants: • http://www.cmnh.org/site/Conservation/LandscapingwNativePlants.aspxHenn, L. Robert. 1998. • Wild owers of Ohio. Indiana University Press.

MICHIGANMichigan Native Plant Producers Association: • http://www.mnppa.org/Wild Type: • http://www.wildtypeplants.com/butter yplants.htmWild ower Association of Michigan: • http://www.wild owersmich.orgSteiner, Lynn M. 2006• . Landscaping with Native Plants of Michigan. St. Paul: Voyageur Press..

INDIANAWild Flower Society: • http://www.inpaws.org/Native Plants: • http://www.plantnative.org/rpl-inoh.htm Harstand A. Carolyn. 1999. • Go Native! Gardening with Native Plants in the Lower Midwest. Indiana University Press.

ILLINOISNative Plant List: • http://www.plantnative.org/rpl-iailmo.htmUsing Native Plants: • http://www.eiu.edu/~n_plants/Natural Garden: • http://www.thenaturalgardeninc.com/Natives.html

WISCONSINRegional List: • http://www.plantnative.org/rpl-mimnwi.htmPrairie Moon Nursery: • http://www.prairiemoon.com/Steiner M. Lynn. 2007. • Landscaping with Native Plants of Wisconsin. Voyageur Press.

MINNESOTADepartment of Natural Resources: • http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/gardens/nativeplants/index.htmlUniversity of Minnesota Extension: • http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG0466.htmlWasowski, Sally. 2002. • Gardening with Prairie Plants: How to Create Beautiful Native Landscapes. University of Minnesota Press.

SOUTHEAST:NORTH CAROLINA

Native Plant Society: • http://www.ncwild ower.org/SOUTH CAROLINA

Plant List: • http://www.plantnative.org/rpl-ncsc.htmGEORGIA

Georgia Wildlife Federation: • http://www.gwf.org/resources/wildlifehabitats/nativeplants.htmlCostal Wildscapes: • http://coastalwildscapes.org/?page_id=83Samuels, M. Tina. 2005. • Georgia Native Plant Guide. Mercer University Press.

FLORIDAFlorida Friendly Landscaping: • http:// oridayards.org/fyplants/index.phpLiving Green: • http://livinggreen.ifas.u .edu/landscaping/using_native_plants.htmlHaehle G. Robert. 2004. • Native Florida Plants. Taylor Trade Publishing.

SOUTH: WEST VIRGINIA

Native Plant List: • http://www.plantnative.org/rpl-mdvawv.htmVirginia Recreation: • http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/nativeplants.shtml

VIRGINIAJohn Clayton Society: • http://www.claytonvnps.org/list_of_native_plants/list_of_native_plants.htm

KENTUCKYPlant Native: • http://www.plantnative.org/nd_kytomt.htmRegional Plant List: • http://www.plantnative.org/rpl-kytn.htmBarnes, G. Thomas and Francis S. Wilson. 2004. • Wild owers and Ferns of Kentucky. The University Press of Kentucky.

TENNESSEELandscaping with Natives: • http://www.se-eppc.org/pubs/landscape.htmlNatives of Tennessee: • http://www.gardeningwithnativeplants.com/link.html

ALABAMARegional Plant List: • http://www.plantnative.org/rpl-algams.htm

MISSISSIPPIMississippi State: • http://msucares.com/lawn/landscape/plants/native_trees.htmlPlanting Natives: • http://www.tneppc.org/system/uploads/94/original/landscaping-west-tn.pdfWinter, Norman. 2001. • Mississippi Gardener’s Guide. Cool Springs Press.

ARKANSASNative Shrubs: • http://www.arhomeandgarden.org/landscaping/Shrubs/natives.htmNative Plants: • http://www.plantnative.org/rpl-arla.htm

LOUISIANANative Plant Society: • http://www.lnps.org/Plant Native: • http://www.plantnative.org/nd_kytomt.htm

PLAINS STATES:NEBRASKA

Plant Native: • http://www.plantnative.org/nd_netook.htmNative Trees of Nebraska: • http://hubpages.com/hub/Native-Trees-of-Nebraska

IOWARecommended Native Plants: • http://www.prrcd.org/inl/recommended_plants.htmPlant Iowa Natives: • http://www.plantiowanatives.com/

KANSASKansas Native Plants: • http://www.kansasnativeplants.com/Book: • Haddock J. Michael. 2005. Wild ower & Grasses of Kansas: A Field Guide. The University Press of Kansas.

NORTH DAKOTAPlant Native: • http://www.plantnative.org/nd_netook.htm

SOUTH DAKOTAPlant Native: • http://www.plantnative.org/nd_patova.htm

MISSOURIMissouri Nursery: • http://www.mowild owers.net/Regional Plant List: • http://www.plantnative.org/rpl-iailmo.htmShaw Nature Reserve: • http://www.shawnature.org/default.aspx

OKLAHOMARoadside use of Natives: • http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/rdsduse/ok.htmPlant Native: • http://www.plantnative.org/nd_netook.htm

INTERMOUNTAIN WEST:MONTANA

Blackfoot Nursery: • http://blackfootnativeplants.com/index.htmlNative Plant: • http://www.plantnative.org/nd_kytomt.htmHart, Jeff. 1996. • Montana’s Native Plants & Early People. Montana Historical Society Press.

WYOMINGNative Plant: • http://www.plantnative.org/nd_wvtowy.htmWild ones links: • http://www.for-wild.org/hotlinks.html

IDAHOPlant Native: • http://www.plantnative.org/nd_idtoks.htmJohnson D. Frederic. 1995. • Wild Tress of Idaho. University Press of Idaho.

COLORADONative Plants: • http://www.plantnative.org/nd_cotohi.htmhttp://herbarium.biology.colostate.edu/gardening.htm• The Colorado Native Plant Society. 1997. • Rare Plants of Colorado. Falcon Press.

UTAHRegional Plant List: • http://www.plantnative.org/rpl-ut.htm

DESERT SOUTHWEST:NEVADA

Nature Society: • http://heritage.nv.gov/nnpscult.htmNative Plant: • http://www.plantnative.org/nd_netook.htm

NEW MEXICORegional Plant List: • http://www.plantnative.org/rpl-az.htmPhillips, Judith. 1987. • Southwestern Landscaping with Native Plants. Museum of New Mexico Press.

TEXASNative Society of Texas: • http://npsot.org/Plant Links: • http://www.thedauphins.net/rgv_native_plants.htmlWest Texas Plants: • http://westtexasplants.com/index.htmlLady Bird Johnson Wild ower Center: • http://www.wild ower.org/ladybird/Wasowski, Andy and Wasowski, Sally. 2003. • Native Texas Plants. Gulf Publishing.

ARIZONANative Plant Society: • http://www.aznps.com/Mielke, Judy. 1993. • Native Plants for Southwestern Landscapes. University of Texas Press, Austin.

WEST COAST:WASHINGTON

Plant Natives: • http://www.plantnative.org/nd_wa.htmEastern Washington: • http://www.bentler.us/eastern-washington/plants/default.aspxKruckeberg, R. Arthur. 1997. • Gardening with Native Plants of the Paci c Northwest. University of Washington Press.

OREGONPlant Society: • http://www.npsoregon.org/Native Plant: • http://www.plantnative.org/nd_or.htmRobin, Rose, Chachulski E.C. Caryn, and Haase L. Diane. 1998. • Propagation of Paci c Northwest Native Plants.

CALIFORNIATree of Life: • http://www.californianativeplants.com/Native Plant: • http://www.plantnative.org/nd_ca.htmLas Pilitas Nursery: • http://www.laspilitas.com/plants/california_plants.htmlhttp://www.wild ower.org/ladybird•

HAWAII AND ALASKAALASKA

Plant Native: • www.plantnative.org/rpl-alaska.htmCelebrating Wild owers: • http://www.fs.fed.us/wild owers/regions/alaska/index.shtml

HAWAIINative Plants Hawaii: • www.nativeplants.hawaii.edu/Native Plant Websites: • http://pdcs.ctahr.hawaii.edu:591/hawnprop/othrplnt.htm

Regional Native Plant Resources

Plants matter. They matter because only plants have the ability to turn the sun’s energy into the food that keeps us, and our fellow creatures on earth alive. Our birds depend on plants because plants produce the insects that birds feed their young. Nearly all terrestrial birds rear their young on insects rather than seeds or berries. Even dead plant parts are vital to our birds by supplying the leaf litter that land snails consume, an essential source of calcium for bird egg shells.

Which plants make the most bird food? The ones that evolved within our local food webs; our native plants. The plants from Asia that we have brought to our landscapes are awful in comparison. The single most effective way to help both migrating and local birds is to restore the native plant community that once thrived on your property to as much of your land as possible. Saving Birds Thru Habitat can tell you how.

–by Douglas Tallamy, Professor and Chair, Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware. Author, Bringing Nature Home.