GH Marine & Offshore Wind · 2018. 9. 10. · Industry standard tool in the design of wind turbines and analysis . of the complete system: turbine, structure, control, loads. Wind

GH Marine & Offshore Wind Current Activities and Future

Perspectives

Lucy Craig, Director Lisbon, 24th November 2008

WavEC Symposium

Content

-

Introduction to GH

-

Offshore wind-

The challenges of deep water

-

Marine energy-

GH Activities to date-

Next steps

-

Future plans

Garrad Hassan around the world-

Founded in 1984 in UK-

Now have offices worldwide-

Local understanding informs global perspective

300 professionals in 17 countries

Melbourne, Australia

Wellington, New Zealand

Hilversum, NetherlandsOttawa, Canada

Zaragoza, Spain

Oldenburg, Germany

Paris, FranceImola, Italy

San Diego, USA

Glasgow, UK Tokyo, Japan

Beijing, China

Bristol, UK

Aarhus, Denmark

Portland, OregonAustin, Texas

Porto, Portugal

Monterey, Mexico

Peterboro,NH

Newcastle, Australia

Copenhagen, Denmark

Izmir,Turkey

Barcelona, Spain

Vancouver

India

Poland

Existing offices

Coming soon

Range of GH services -

Wind energy

-

Wind turbine design, certification and testing services

-

Wind farm consultancy services (onshore and offshore) • Wind farm design• Energy assessment – more than 80,000MW to date• Independent Engineer – more than 30,000MW operating

-

Short term forecasting of energy output

-

Research and development

-

Industry-standard software supplier

-

Strategic services

-

Industry training courses

GH Ibérica

–

24 full-time staff, working in offices in Porto, Zaragoza (ES), Barcelona (ES), and Monterrey (MX)

–

Focused mainly on wind energy, with growing departments in solar and marine renewables

–

Owner’s and

Lender’s

engineer

for

more than

11,000 MW in Spain

–

Independent

Engineer

for

over

900 MW of

installed

wind

power

in Portugal–

Principal activities: •

Wind

resource

analysis, •

Independent

engineering

and

Due

Diligence, •

Wind

farm

and

wind

turbine

inspections, •

Market

studies•

Technology

reviews

Offshore Wind at Garrad Hassan

►

First offshore wind work: 1993

►

150 commercial contracts►

4 GW offshore O&M studies►

6 GW offshore energy assessments►

1 GW of offshore wind FEED Studies

►

40+ Offshore Windfarms►

8 German North Sea►

1 German Baltic Sea►

30 Other Europe►

3 Other World

►

Team now boasts >50 engineer-years in offshore wind

Offshore Wind Software Tools

O2M- O&M simulation package

Time domain simulation of offshore wind farms: turbines,

O&M staff, shift patterns, harbours and vessels;

optimisation using the MonteCarlo method.

GH Bladed – Dynamic module (offshore)

Industry standard tool in the design of wind turbines and analysis

of the complete system: turbine, structure, control, loads.

Wind farm layout optimisation

Several tools to optimise layout and capacity of a offshore wind farm.

Inc. CAPEX, OPEX and energy input as key design drivers.

OperationalUnder Construction

Kentish Flats

Burbo Bank

Rhyl Flats

Scroby Sands

Q7

Barrow

Egmond

Lillgrund

Nysted

Horns Rev

Offshore Wind –

Status

•

Confidence is increasing

•

Global market

•

Key role of major utilities

Offshore MastReduced

uncertantyHigh

cost

Costal MastReliance of

numerical

models

for

offshore

transition

Reduced

cost

Offshore BuoyHigh

degree

of

uncertantyMedium

/ low

cost

•

Photo: Brian Hurley, Airtricity

Measurement Options

Stage Description Data Sources Accuracy

1 Site

screening Maps, public

domain

Low / unknown

2 FeasibilitySatellite, onshore

stations, buoys Low / unknown

3 Interim

assessment

Onshore

mast, site

buoy

Moderate

4 Final assessment

Site

mast High

Measurement Options

Step 1: Site screening

Maps•

Risø•

GH

Data & Models•

Met. Office (local / EU level)–

Onshore weather stations–

buoys

•

Models–

Wave models (WAM)–

Mesoscale

•

Satellite–

SAR–

TOPEX / JASON

•

Others–

Oil & gas rigs

Step 2: Feasibility

Offshore Wind Analysis

Step 3: Interim assessment

Similar methodology; different data quality

•

MCP (Measure-correlate-predict)–

As in onshore studies

•

Non-standard aspects–

Stability and profile–

Air-water interface (difficult for WAsP)–

Low turbulence

•

Standard aspects–

Anemometers

Energy yield•

Wake effects –

insufficient experience in large offshore wind farms•

Turbine availability (access, wave climate)

Step 4: Final assessment

Offshore Wind Analysis

Sources of Information: Reanalysis / Wind Atlas

Ref: European Wind Atlas (≈1989) Ref: POWER Wind Atlas (≈2000)

Wind Resource

Ref:Risø

(2001)

Wind ResourceRef: EOLES, INETI

(≈2000/04)

–

Depth

–

Seabed conditions

–

Wave loads

–

Construction methodology

–

Cost

Selection of the Foundation Type

• Monopile

• Gravity

• Tripod

• Floating

Foundations

www.offshorewindenergy.org

–

Steel

tube–

Typical

4.5 -

5 m diameter–

Thickness

30 -

60 mm–

Sink/drill–

Transition

piece

in the

top

end

of

the

pile Grout pipe with tree inlets

Transition piece with tower flange

Brackets w. hydraulic Jacks

Grout seal

Monopile

Foundation Type: Monopile

–

Availability of the installation vessels•

Survey foreign markets•

Evaluate new designs / acquiring units

–

Limitations of the installation vessels•

Depth (min and max)•

Weight: distribution between monopile

and transition operations

–

Sensitive to the real scenario•

Delays / halts to an operation•

Standard or bespoke monopiles

for a given site

Foundation Type: Monopile

–

Steel or concrete

–

Position relies on weight (ballasting)

–

Requires preparation of the seabed (and influences it)

–

Best for shallower sites

Foundation Type: Gravity

–

High variability of the cost•

Strong dependence on installation ops. •

Imported or locally built?

–

Sensitivity to real scenarios (seabed)•

Strong risk of delays to the installation

–

Steel

piles of

small

diameter–

Potential

for

deep

water

applications–

Installed

in Beatrice (Jacket) and

Alpha Ventus

(tripod)

Foundation Type: Tripod / Jacket

–

Capacity to build: space, time, ...

–

Logistics

–

Installation vessels

–

Deep water operations experience

•

Key Advantages:•

New marketso

Norway, US, Spain, Portugal, Japan…

•

Potential for new conceptso

Proof: variety of assumptions

•

Similar cost to gravity anchoringo

Needs proof (early stage)

•

Construction / installation flexibility•

Repair (offsite) and decommissioning

Foundation Type: Floating

Benefits of Deepwater Wind

•

greater choice of sites

& countries•

greater choice of concepts•

evidence: see variety of proposals•

greater flexibility of construction & installation procedures•

easier removal / decommissioning

Challenges of Deepwater Wind

•

minimising

turbine and wave induced motion•

additional complexity

for the design process•

understanding and modelling the coupling

between the support structure and the windturbine (moorings & control)

•

the electrical

infrastructure•

the construction, installation and O & M procedures

•

Function of the stabilisation methodology:i.

Hydrostaticii.

Mass (pendulum)iii.

Tensioned moorings

Foundation Type: Floating (3 Concepts)

Current Situation

•

Commercial groups are playing an increasingly active role•

Funding is now also being provided by non-government sources

•

The next step, a prototype, will cost several million €•

similar scale as new marine energies (wave & tidal)

•

Interest in deep-water offshore wind is growing•

IEA Annex XXIII

•

Cost is the key issue

•

Synergies with wave & tidal energy•

Barrier of cost of prototype•

Shared technologies: flexible cable, subsea switchgear, low cost

moorings

Knowledge

►

Wake over the free surface

►

WSM (wind sector management): wind farm

management, dependent on wind direction /

intensity

►

Optimise layout: minimise COE / maximise capacity

Experience

►

Real output

►

Significant improvements

Overview: layout / capacity

Detail: CAPEX, OPEX, risk mitigation

Optimisation of the Wind Farm Layout

• 5MW+?

• PMGs?

• hybrid / direct drive

• advanced control (individual blade pitch)

• floating concepts / deep water

• grid integration

• availability / reliability

Future of the technology

Offshore

wind

in Portugal

Potential net capacity for offshore wind in Portugal

0

5

10

15

20

25

Shallow WaterFixed

Deep Water Fixed Tensioned floatingconcepts

Spar concepts

Net

Cap

acity

(GW

)

GH Marine Renewable Services

•

GH Marine group established in 2005

–

Resource Assessment –

Technology foresighting–

Technology review and due diligence–

Device modelling–

Control system design–

Market/Commercialisation studies–

Device interaction–

Training courses–

Forecasting

–

Strong focus on R&D-consistent with maturity of

the technology

Projects: Wave & Tidal

Technology & Market reviews

- MS Access database of device developers-

Assessment of large number of wave and tidal energy device developers-

Shortlisting

of leading developers based on criteria agreed with client- More detailed review of short listed developers- Clients include major utilities

Projects: Wave Energy

Site and zone selection studies

-

Country specific GIS database of energy resource and key constraints- Creation of country specific marine energy atlases- Clients include project developers and banks


Npower Juice fund: Wave Hub Project

-

3 strands: Long-term wave climate characterisation, Forecasting, O&M modelling- Successful application of the MCP methodology- Emulation of the GH O2M tool

Ref-SiteRelationship Ref-Site

Relationship

Correlate

Time (present to

past)

Splice

Measured Site Data

Reference Data

Reconstructed Site Data

Composite Site Data

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

0.20.40.60.811.21.41.61.822.22.42.62.833.23.43.63.844.24.44.64.855.25.45.6

Energy Period (s)

Significant Wave Height

(m)

Annual Wave Climate

0.0%-0.5% 0.5%-1.0% 1.0%-1.5% 1.5%-2.0% 2.0%-2.5%

2.5%-3.0% 3.0%-3.5% 3.5%-4.0% 4.0%-4.5% 4.5%-5.0%


Npower Juice fund: Wave Hub Project

-

3 strands: Long-term wave climate characterisation, Forecasting, O&M modelling- Successful application of the MCP methodology- Emulation of the GH O2M tool

Projects: Wave energy

Contracts with device developers:

- numerical modelling (frequency and time domain)

-

experimental testing

-

certification support

- full scale deployment

Numerical simulations conducted in the first modules of GH WaveFarmer

GH WaveFarmer

•

Frequency domain modelling (GH FD)–

Hydrodynamic coefficients–

Excitation forces–

Response Amplitude Operator (RAO)–

Multiple body interactions–

Drift forces–

Regular / irregular waves–

Geometry / configuration optimisation under optimal control settings

•

Time domain modelling (GH TD)–

Irregular waves–

Real wave spectra input (leading to site specific power matrices)

–

Nonlinear hydrodynamics (analysis of extreme events)

–

Body motions–

Mooring design / influence–

Nonlinear power take-off characteristics–

Custom control strategies–

Multiple body interactions (wave farm design)

GH WaveFarmer

•

Wave analysis (GH Waves)–

Input from several sensors (SEAWATCH, Waveriders, ADCPs, etc)–

Quality check–

Key spectral parameters–

Directional spectrum estimation–

Extreme event analysis–

Long-term resource assessment (via numerical and field data)–

MCP (site specific bankable resource) –

GIS capabilities–

Modelling of local effects (bathymetry, shallow water effects, hotspots)–

Link to Time Domain module

•

Monitoring (GH WaveFarmer Supervisor)–

Link to GH SCADA–

Joint monitoring of wave and machine data–

O&M planning (emulation of the O2M package), including weather window

forecasting (emulation of the GH Forecaster package)

GH Tidal Bladed -

models

•

Tidal Bladed developed as a generic design tool

Detailed models of blades, rotor, nacelle, support structure, drive train, controller system & environment (currents, waves, turbulence, wind)

•

Example of GH Marine software: GH Tidal Bladed

GH Tidal Bladed -

validation

•

Engineering models now completeValidation study initially using measurements

provided by the University of Southampton•

Validation now complete

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

TSR

Cp

cavitiaton tunnelTidal Bladed

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14TSR

Ct

cavitation tunnelTidal Bladed

GH Tidal Bladed -

models


GH Tidal Bladed -

models


-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

time (sec)

Wat

er d

epth

from

sea

bed

(m)

Contour plot of waves of 5m height and 6 sec period

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

time (sec)

Wat

er d

epth

from

sea

bed

(m)

Contour plot of tidal mean flow of 2.7m/s at the hub height, shear profile - 1/7 power law plus waves of 5m height and 6 sec period

GH Tidal Bladed -

models


GH Portugal

•

New Lisbon office 09

–

Expansion of the GH Marine team–

Strong R&D focus / code development–

Support to offshore work in Portugal–

Key partnerships / projects–

GH has already developed significant expertise in Tidal and Wave energy

–

Brings 25 years of experience in wind energy to these developing technologies

Portugal –

next

steps

for

marine activities

•

Development

of

the

pilot

zoneSome

ideas for

a Pre-FEED Study

•

Site

Specific

Resource

Assessment•

Technology

review•

Farm

configuration

(lay-out, capacity, zone

management)•

Installation•

Electrical

Design•

Operations

and

Maintenance•

Subsea

cable routing•

EIA & Monitoring•

Risks

and

mitigation•

…..

Portugal –

future

for

marine activities

–

Strong governmental support –

Excellent natural resources–

Established framework for renewables–

Companies experienced in the sector–

Other markets expected to follow

Portugal will be a leading market in marine renewables

Documents

GH Marine & Offshore Wind · 2018. 9. 10. · Industry standard tool in the design of wind turbines and analysis . of the complete system: turbine, structure, control, loads. Wind