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Gia nh thnh thng ch Page 1

Gia nh Thnh thng ch

Trnh Hoi c

Hu hc L VIT DNG (dch v ch gii) Tin s HUNH VN TI (hiu nh, gii thiu)

Trnh Hoi c (1765-1825), t Ch Sn, hiu Cn Trai, l mt cng thn ca triu Nguyn,

ng thi l mt nh th, nh vn v l mt s gia ni ting ca Vit Nam th k 18. Vn th ca

ng v L Quang nh, Ng Nhn Tnh in chung trong mt b "Gia nh tam gia thi". Ngoi ra

ng li cc b sch Lch i k nguyn, Khang T Lc, Cn trai thi tp, Bc s thi tp, Minh bt

di hon vn tho v Gia nh thnh thng ch.

B Gia nh thnh thng ch l mt cng trnh c gi tr cao v lch s, a l v vn ha ca

min Nam B. Ni dung tp sch ghi chp y v t m v ni sng, kh hu, vic thnh lp cc

trn, thnh tr, cng nh v phong tc tp qun, tnh cch v sinh hot ca ngi dn Nam B. Cho

n nay b sch ny vn c xem l mt trong nhng s liu quan trng nht trong lnh vc

nghin cu Nam B.

Mc lc

Bng ch vit tt. ............................................................................................................................................................ 2

TIU-S .......................................................................................................................................................................... 2

LI GII THIU. ............................................................................................................................................................... 3

Quyn I: TINH D CH ..................................................................................................................................................... 7

XEM KH HU (Ph) ............................................................................................................................................... 10

Quyn II a: SN XUYN CH ......................................................................................................................................... 13

TRN BIN HA ..................................................................................................................................................... 14

Quyn II-b: SN XUYN CH ........................................................................................................................................ 29

TRN VNH-THANH ............................................................................................................................................... 29

Quyn III: CNG VC CH ......................................................................................................................................... 52

Quyn IV : PHONG TC CH ......................................................................................................................................... 65

PHONG TC CA TON THNH. ........................................................................................................................... 65

L TT CUI NM NNG NI ............................................................................................................................ 67

[12b] NM TRN. ........................................................................................................................................................... 72

TRN PHIN AN ........................................................................................................................................................ 72

TRN BIN HA ........................................................................................................................................................ 73

TRN VNH THANH .................................................................................................................................................. 73
BALE3Note Nhp chut v ta c ngay chng mnh mun. Hoc s dng Signets ca Acrobat.NguyenTypewriterKho sch xa Qun Ven ng http://www.vanhoahoc.edu.vn/http://thuydaonguyen.blogspot.be/


TRN NH TNG .................................................................................................................................................. 73

TRN H TIN ........................................................................................................................................................... 74

Quyn V: VT SN CH ................................................................................................................................................. 76

[4a] PH TN BNH, TRN PHIN AN ................................................................................................................... 77

PH PHC LONG, TRN BIN HA ................................................................................................................... 78

PH NH VIN, TRN VNH THANH ................................................................................................................... 79

PH KIN AN, TRN NH TNG ....................................................................................................................... 79

TRN H TIN ........................................................................................................................................................... 80

Th sn (Gia nh) gm c: .......................................................................................................................................... 81

Quyn VI: THNH TR CH ........................................................................................................................................... 96

TRN THNH GIA NH ......................................................................................................................................... 96

[21a] TRN BIN HA ............................................................................................................................................ 108

TRN NH TNG ................................................................................................................................................ 116

TRN VNH THANH (S thay i xin xem r Cng vc ch) ............................................................................ 118

[38b] TRN H TIN ............................................................................................................................................... 120

Bng ch vit tt. PCGBC : Petit cours de gographie de la Basse Cochinchine

NKLTDC : Nam K lc tnh D a ch

GTTC : Gia nh Thnh thng ch

VSH : Vin S hc

VHN : Vin Hn Nm

Bt : Ch thch ca Bin tp

Cc ch thch cn li l ca dch gi v ngi hiu nh.

TIU-S

Trnh Hoi c (1765-1825)1 c tn gi khc l An, tn t Ch Sn, hiu Cn Trai; t tin gc

ngi huyn Trng Lc, Phc Kin (Trung Quc). u i nh Thanh, ng ni l Trnh Hi (hiu

S Khng) di c qua Vit Nam, ng ti Trn Bin (Bin Ha ngy nay).

Cha Trnh Hoi c l Trnh Khnh, i V vng Nguyn Phc Khot (1738-1765) c b

lm Cai thu, sau c thng Cai i. Khi cha mt, Trnh Hoi c mi 10 tui, sau theo m di vo

Phin Trn (Gia nh - TP. H Ch Minh ngy nay). Ti y, ng theo hc X s V Trng Ton.

Nm Mu Thn (1788), khi Nguyn nh chim Gia nh, Trnh Hoi c cng nhm L Quang

nh ra ng c, c b lm Hn lm vin Ch co. Nm 1789, ng nhm chc in Tun s

huyn Tn Bnh. Sau , ng i qua b Hnh, k nhim chc Th ging ng cung. Nm 1794 ng

c b lm K lc dinh Trn nh (M Tho ngy nay). Nm 1801, Trnh Hoi c lm Tham tri

b H.

1 C ti liu ni ng sinh nm 1764


Nm 1802, Trnh Hoi c c thng Thng th b H, lm Chnh s sang Trung Quc.

Nm 1804, ng h gi Gia Long v Ph Xun, vn m nhim chc Thng th b H.

Nm 1802, Trnh Hoi c c c lm Hip Lu trn Gia nh. Nm 1808, Gia nh trn

c i thnh Gia nh thnh, Trnh Hoi c c b lm Hip Tng trn.

Nm 1812, ng c triu v kinh, ci nhim Thng th b L, kim qun Khm Thin gim.

Nm sau (1813), ng c chuyn sang lm Thng th b Li. n nm 1816, ng li c nhim

chc Hip Tng trn Gia nh thnh.

Nm 1820, thi Minh Mng, ng tm lnh chc Tng trn Gia nh thnh, sau c triu v

kinh, lnh chc Thng th b Li.

Nm 1821, Minh Mng thng cho Trnh Hoi c hm Hip bin i hc s, lnh Thng th

b Li kim Thng th b Binh, tr thnh nguyn lo ca triu nh.

Thng 3 nm 1822, ng c sung lm Chnh Ch kho trng thi Hi; thng 11, ng kim lnh

Thng th b L.

Thng 7 nm 1823, Trnh Hoi c xin v Gia nh ngh v sc khe. n thng 9 cng nm,

ng tr li kinh lnh chc Thng th b Li v b L. Thng 10 cng nm, ng tr v Gia nh

liu vic nh. Thng 3 nm 1824 tr ra kinh, lnh chc Thng th b Li kim qun L b s v.

Thng 7 cng nm, ng c sung chc Tng ti v quyn lnh cng vic ty Thng Bc. Chng

bao lu, do bnh nng, tui cao, ng t trn ti Qu Vin (3-1825), th 61 tui.

Khi ng mt, triu nh cho bi triu ba ngy, truy tng ng lm Thi bo, Cn Chnh in i

hc s (hm Chnh nht phm), t tn thy l Vn Khc. Thi hi ng c a v chn ti qu

nh: lng Bnh Trc, huyn Phc Chnh, ph Phc Long (nay l phng Trung Dng, TP. Bin

Ha).

Tc phm ca Trnh Hoi c gm c:

-Cn Trai thi tp gm 3 tp: Thi thc truy bin tp, Quan quang tp, Kh d tp.

-Gia nh Thnh thng ch.

-Bc s thi tp (c kin cho rng Bc s thi tp chnh l Quan quang tp trong Cn Trai

thi tp.

-Lch i k nguyn.

-Khang t lc.

-Gia nh tam gia thi tp: chung vi L Quang nh, Ng Nhn Tnh.

ng thi, ng cng vi L Quang nh v Ng Nhn Tnh c mi ngi tn lm Gia nh

tam gia.

LI GII THIU.

1. Gia nh Thnh thng ch l mt b a ch v vng t Nam B xa c Trnh Hoi c k

cng ghi chp vo u th k XIX. Theo Yang Baoyun - mt nh nghin cu ca trng i hc

Bc Kinh, Trung Quc: C th thn trng ni rng, vic bin son cun Gia nh Thnh thng ch

c tin hnh trong gia cc nm 1820 v 1822.

Nhng ai tm hiu v lch s - vn ha Nam B u tham kho b sch ny. Vic tham kho

thng ch phi da vo cc bn dch, bi nguyn bn rt kh tm, hu nh tht truyn. Bn dch

sm nht c l l Gia dinh thung chi dch sang ting Php ca Aubaret, nm 1863, ch nhng ngi

bit ting Php mi dng c. Duy Minh Th c bin son Nam k lc tnh D a ch c

Thng Tn Th dch nm 1944, c xem l mt dng thot thai ca Gia nh Thnh thng ch, n

bn khng nhiu. Thng dng, ph bin nht l bn dch ca nhm Tu Trai Nguyn To xut bn

nm 1972. Do xut bn lu, giy in cha tt nn cng chng vn ang trng ch mt bn dch

khc, chun xc v p hn. Nm 1998, Nh Xut bn Gio dc xut bn Gia nh Thnh thng


ch ( Mng Khng, Nguyn Ngc Tnh dch; o Duy Anh hiu nh, 1998) vi giy in p,

gm dch ngha v c bn ch Hn, c gii thch ch kh v trnh by cn thn. Bn dch ny p

ng c nhu cu thc t, lm ti liu tt cho nghin cu, v gio dc trong nh trng; nht l

trong dp cc tnh thnh Nam B cho mng 300 nm hnh thnh v pht trin.

2. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh kho cu bin son a ch ng Nai, ngi a phng nhn

thy gia cc bn dch nu trn cn c nhiu iu cha thng nht v nhiu iu khc vi thc t.

Vic ny c nh nghin cu L Vit Dng lu , dy cng tm hiu, tng hp sai st cc bn

dch trc thnh 6 nhm:

-Dch nhm a danh.

-Dch nhm nhn danh.

-Dch nhm tn sn vt a phng.

-Dch nhm ng ngha Hn vn.

-Chp thiu hoc sai nguyn vn.

-Li morasse.

Li morasse do k thut in n, y l chuyn thng tnh, khng k. ng ni l 5 nhm li thuc

ni dung. Li khng t. Ch xin nu nhng trng hp ng lu nht tham kho, khng nhm

ch trch bn dch c th no.

2.1. Nhng trng hp nhm a danh:

-Nguyn vn c a danh Mi Suy, ngi a phng gi l M Xoi; i Nam quc m t v

ca Hunh Tnh Ca ghi l Mi Xoi; Trng Vnh K (trong tc phm Petit Cours de Gographie

de la Basse Cochinchine) ghi l M Xoi; thy u c th hiu c. Nhng, dch l Mi Xoi th

xa l vi tn gi ca a phng.

-Nguyn vn c a danh Ba Cm, tn ca mt vng thuc Ch m, Ch Ln, TP. H Ch

Minh hin nay, do xa c ba cy da chm li; c bn dch ghi l Ba Khm, ngi a phng khng

hiu l ni no.

-Sng L Bung chy qua a bn x Phc Tn, huyn Long Thnh, tnh ng Nai, do ven

sng c nhiu l bung m thnh tn; tc gi Trnh Hoi c ghi tn ch l Bi Dip, c bn li

dch l sng L Bn.

-Nguyn vn c a danh Ci Vn, a im c m t nm b Bc bn ph Cn Th, trc

kia cn gi l Ch B (ch b Nm La, v yu ca Nm La Trn Vn Soi); dch thnh Ci Bn

l khng ng tn gi a phng.

Tng t, rt nhiu ch dch sai khin tn gi quen thuc ca a phng thnh a danh xa l:

Vm Nao thnh Vm Giao; Lng Th thnh Lng ; Cn Giuc thnh Cn Dt...

2.2. Nhng trng hp dch nhm nhn danh:

- Nguyn vn c cu: c nha cao la hm Mang, ngha l quan c nha o tn Mang (ting

Khme: Kralahm c ngha l mu ; quan c nha o l i quan). C dch gi ghi c nha Cao

La Hm Mang nh l nhn vt y tn Cao La Hm Mang qu thc khng ng.

- Nguyn vn c cm t: Chng tng qun Nguyn c Xuyn; c bn dch ghi l Chng

tng qun Nguyn c Xuyn, nh th khng ph hp; bi v khng c chc danh chng tng

qun, ch tng c th nhm t ch tng; chng tng qun l ngi ch huy tng binh trong

qun i cha Nguyn xa.

-Nguyn vn c on: K Mi nin, t nguyt, ngu t v Trn Tun, binh b Nguyn Phc d

Qui Nhn thnh hng. C dch gi dch l: Thng t nm K Mi, qun gic l V Trn Tun cng


vi binh b Nguyn i Phc em thnh Qui Nhn v hng. Dch nh th, cha chnh xc, v t (ti)

v l tn gi khc ca chc quan t m; trong cu trc cu trn, n i xng vi chc quan binh b.

ng l, dch l: Thng t nm K Mi, tng gic l t v Trn Tun cng binh b Nguyn Phc

em thnh Qui Nhn v hng.

-Nguyn vn c cu: Thng thy huMc T Thng, ch thng ngha l sng to hoc nc chy

xui; dch gi nhm ch thng vi ch thng nn dch nhm tn nhn vt Thng thy hu Mc

T Thng.

2.3. Nhng trng hp dch nhm v sn vt:

-Nguyn vn c tn Nm ng lung do ngi a phng gi con su n tht ngi vng sng

Sc Si H, bn dch ghi l ng Rng l khng ng thc t.

- Nguyn vn c t l, c th c thnh l; nhng trong trng hp ny, dch thnh l th

ngi a phng khng hiu cy g; chnh ra l cy r, mt loi cy quen thuc vng ngp

mn.

- Nguyn vn c cu: Din giang thy liu m sum; c sch dch: Ven sng th liu nc mc um

tm. Ngi Nam B khng hiu liu nc l cy g. Thc ra, y l cy bn, cng mt loi cy quen

thuc ca vng rng Sc Nam B.

Tng t, cu: Thy mai nh ngc, hng ton qui chu, c dch l: Cy thy mai r ngc,

qu hng tin eo vng. Dch gi khng sai nhng li dch kh hiu, li ti nghip cho cu vn ti

hoa ca Trnh Hoi c. L ra, cn dch: M u ri ngc, xoi cy treo vng (thy mai: Cy m u;

hng ton: Cy xoi).

Nguyn vn c t ch tri h qua, theo tc gi miu t, y l tri da chut (da leo); c dch gi

cho l da cp, mt tn gi khng c thc trong h nh da.

Nguyn vn c cu: H m, can l ng, in hm. Sch dch: Tm, nn, c l kh, mm c

rung. H m l tn gi ca mt mn sn vt a phng, ngi Qung ng pht m l h mi,

ngi Tiu Chu pht m l h b, khng c ngha l ht go m ch vt c phi teo kh nh ht

go, l tm kh; (v d: t b = tr m, tc l t tr kh). Can l ng, cn c hiu l th nc

nh git t c m ra, chnh l nc mm; nu dch c l kh kh ai bit c mn g. Ng hm, tc

gi ly ch hm l mn, thm b ng, ni cht c em mui mn, ngi a phng gi l mm.

in ng, mc d in ngha l rung, nhng ngi a phng khng ai ni c rung m quen gi

l c ng. Nh vy, nu dch cu trn: Tm kh, nc mm nh, mm c ng mi ng vi sn

vt a phng.

Nguyn vn c cu: ao ng, u xut trng ct, nha thch nh c, ngha l: C ao, trc

u mc ci xng di, hai bn mp c rng nhn nh rng ca; chng r v sao c bn dch li

cho l con c i, mt loi c rt khc vi c ao.

Tng t, nhng trang khc, dch gi dch c ng thnh c sen, c ra ra c da, c b (v

ng) thnh c lanh, c thi li (phng ng) thnh c vung, c bui (bui ng) thnh c heo, c

ko (hoa mn ng) cho l c nan hoa, gic ng ngha l c cht dch ra c gic, con n (man x

ng) nhm ra c ngt, chim c (phc iu) dch thnh chim i bng, chim cha vi (choai choai)

thnh chim choi choi...

2.4. Nhng trng hp nhm ln ng ngha Hn vn:

- cu: Chiu Thi sn vi trn thnh chi triu bnh, c l dch gi hiu nhm ch triu (vn

ngha l chu) theo ngha danh t l bui sng cho nn dch: Ni Chiu Thi lm bc bnh che bui


sng cho Trn thnh. Thc t, ni Chu Thi hng Ty Nam trn thnh Bin Ha, khng th

no lm bnh phong che bui sng cho trn thnh c. ng ra, nn dch: Ni Chu Thi lm bc

bnh phong chu v trn thnh (Bin Ha).

- Nguyn vn c vit: Ph th i giang, hnh khch ng lm hu tiu si xut trn chi tng.

C sch dch: Ci trng sng ln thy hnh khch leo ln c v tiu si, thot trn. Dch nh th e

rng hng mch vn ca tc gi, nhm ch th. R rng, cu vn c hai : Mt l, ngn ni (trn c

cha Vn Sn) trng xung sng ln Phc Giang. Hai l, hnh khch ln ti ngn ni trng c v

tiu si, thot trn.

-Nguyn vn vit: Cn thn hu b thng cn h bo tu, x th bch gi phc ao st tc ng

lc nhn. C dch gi cho rng, phc ao l con dao ba ci nn dch: Cn thn hu b thng, ln

xung b chy, ly c con dao ba ci vch git c 5, 6 tn gic. Phc ao l mt trong

nhng loi binh kh ca v tng xa, l loi ao li nh, cn ngn hn i ao, c qun dy

kim loi, kh th hiu nhm thnh con dao ba ci y.

-Nguyn vn vit: Th d ngy h tng Hn, chin thuyn nh thp, t Thn Tn phan mnh tu

h Cn Gi d nh Tng gian tc chi ngy Chu, Thun An giang tc chi ngy Ngn, hip bn hi

Qui Nhn, ngha l: m , ngy h tng Hn em 20 chin thuyn t Bn Than liu mng

xung Cn Gi cng vi tng gic sng nh Tng l ngy Chu, tng gic sng Thun An

(tc sng Bn Lc Tn An) l ngy Ngn, hp thuyn li chy v Qui Nhn. C l do chm cu

sai v khng hnh dung y v khng gian ca s kin, khng r Thun An giang tc l sng

Bn Lc (nay thuc tnh Long An) nn c sch dch: m y, h tng gic l Hn em 20 chic

thuyn chin t Bn Than liu mng chy xung ca bin Cn Gi, cng vi gic nh Tng l

Chu Thun, gic An Giang l Ngn, hp nhau chy v Qui Nhn. Dch nh vy, tng gic vn

phim danh (Chu) thnh Chu Thun, bin sng Thun An tc Bn Lc thnh o An Giang; iu

phi l l trong mt m, vi phng tin thuyn bum thi y, kh c th lin lc, kt hp c

gia tng Hn Cn Gi vi tng Ngn An Giang (lu : o An Giang trong Gia nh

Thnh thng ch vng C Mau ch khng phi tnh An Giang hin nay).

2.5. Nhng trng hp nguyn vn chp sai hoc thiu:

y c nguyn nhn t vic x l vn bn Hn vn. C mt bn dch Gia nh Thnh thng

ch lu vic hiu nh: ...Khi Vin S hc giao cho T phin dch ca Ban C s dch sch ny,

cng vic phin dch li phi bt u bng vic hiu nh vn bn ch Hn. C iu, vn bn ch

Hn c in trong sch l bn chp tay, nhng bn khc hin c (nh bn s dng ca nhm Tu

Trai Nguyn To, bn mang k hiu VHC 01604 v VHV 335/1 Vin Nghin cu Hn Nm)

cng u l bn chp tay, hin cha thy xut hin bn in khc g cho nn khng hiu vic hiu

nh ca cc dch gi da vo u, ng sai ra sao. Khi i chiu s m t vn bn Hn vn in

km trong sch ca nh nghin cu o Duy Anh vi trang in thc t, vn thy c iu cn cha

khp; v d: S dng mi trang ng l 8 dng, nhng s ch mi dng khng thng nht l 21.

Mt khc, ch vit th tt, nhng qu nhiu li. Ch cn i chiu vi mt s sch c ghi nhng chi

tit lin quan n ni dung ca Gia nh Thnh thng ch, nh : Ph Bin tp lc, i Nam thc

lc tin bin, i Nam nht thng ch, Nam K lc tnh D a ch... c th dn ra nhiu trng hp

chp sai hoc thiu ca vn bn khin c th hiu sai v ngha. V d: a danh Lp V chp nhm

ri dch l ni Tnh Vu; Thuyn c tc danh Vng Tu chp nhm ch nm Vng thnh Vng v

dch thnh Thuyn c tc danh Vng Tu; ch Si trong cu Tin Thy (tc danh Sc Si H) chp

nhm thnh ch tr ; ch Nm mc trong mc ng tc con c mc chp nhm thnh ch hc do

thiu b th; ch t ngha l th trong cu phc phm ng vi tng, t vu k t b chp nhm

thnh ch t ngha l cha...


Nu trn ch l phn nh trong s nhiu li r rng, ng tic. Nguyn nhn ch yu ca cc li y c l l s thiu cn trng trong x l vn bn; thiu iu kin in d thc t am hiu a danh, sn vt, phong tc a phng v phong cch vit ch Nm ca tc gi Trnh Hoi c. Chnh Trnh Hoi c lu cch vit ch Nm ca mnh (chng Phong tc): Nu gp quc m

hay tn a phng th cng ly trong sch ch Hn c m y ht hay na n ri thm vo trn u

hay bn hng tri, khi th b sn ch ch thuc ni non, biu thuc chim chc, b mc thuc

cy ci, b tho thuc hoa c... Tc gi trn trng, k lng trong vic ghi chp th vic dch ngha, ch gii cng phi trn trng v k lng hn.

3. Vi mong mun c c mt bn dch st hp vi thc t a phng hn, Nh Xut bn tng hp ng Nai kin ngh, c y ban nhn dn tnh chp thun cho thc hin cng trnh bin

dch, ch gii Gia nh Thnh thng ch bng s ti tr ca ngn sch Nh nc. Nh nghin cu L Vit Dng c mi thc hin cng trnh ny.

Bng tm huyt nhit thnh v vn may c i nhiu, bit nhiu v cc tnh Nam B, dch gi L Vit Dng tra cu sch v, in d thc t, hc hi ng nghip v cc bc k lo; c s

tn tnh gip ca bn b, nht l ca An Chi Hu Thin v Thng ta Thch L Trang... Sau 7

nm kin tr, bn dch mi v ch gii v Gia nh Thnh thng ch tm c hi lng. Nhng sai st v nhn danh, a danh, sn vt, s liu, ng ngha... nu trn c l gii hp l hn, st hp

vi thc t hn. Mi khi gp ch c kin khc nhau, dch gi L Vit Dng kho st thc t, so

snh i chng vi nhiu ngun t liu, nh s liu ca triu Nguyn, di co ca Trng Vnh K,

ghi chp ca Vng Hng Sn, t liu ca nc ngoi... chn cch d chp nhn nht. Tuy vy,

vn cn nhiu tn nghi c nu ra bn c cng suy ngh, mong i cao kin ngi khc, khng dm lm dch. Vic lm cn trng ny rt ng c trn trng v tin cy.

Phn ph lc c chn la, sp xp theo h thng cng l mt c gng ln ngi c tin tra cu theo mun. L ra, phn ny phi c dng cng nhiu hn na, y hn na mi p ng

c nhu cu. Nhng, sc ngi c hn, iu kin c hn, nh phi chp nhn kt qu ban u.

Sau ny, t c iu kin tt hn sa cha, b khuyt cho hon chnh.

4. Chc l cn nhiu thiu st ngoi mun. Nhng, bn dch Gia nh Thnh thng ch ca Nh Xut bn Tng hp ng Nai ra mt bn c ln ny bng tt c s c gng chn thnh, cng phu v trch nhim cao nht; mong cc hc gi v bn c n nhn vi s chia s v cm

thng nhiu nht. Xin trn trng c n nhn s gp , b khuyt ca mi ngi.

Bin Ha, thng 10 nm 2004 Tin s HUNH VN TI

Quyn I: TINH D CH

(Chp v cc ngi sao)

ri gn sao trn, t cm ni di, loi ngi c nui dng pht trin tt p gia;

tam ti lu thng, nn mi vt c thnh tu.

Nc Vit ta, c dng Vim Thin 2 nh rng un quanh Qu Hi

3, thnh thn k truyn,

dn m no, vt thnh vng. Vng tt c ph Thng Hoa, ph in Bn, k nam sinh Khnh

2 Vim Thin (): Sch L th Xun thu ghi: Phng Nam gi l Vim Thin. Ch: "Nam phng thng

nm kin ng, l trung tm ca la. La ng u nng bc, cho nn mi gi l Vim Thin". 3 Qu Hi (): Bin Nam Hi c nhiu qu nn gi l Qu Hi. Th "Vin Thi y thc tng gi" ca

Giang Ym: Vn Chn bt Qu Hi, Thanh gio chc bng thin.

T
http://www.vanhoahoc.edu.vn/


Ha, Yn Qung sn xut ngc trai, Thanh Hoa (Thanh Ha) sn xut nhc qu. Ca qu trong t

ai, vt tt ni ni bin, ca ci phong ph nh vy l do s ngng t kh thing ca tri t, ha

hp gom gp m sinh ra vy.

Nay xt sch Xun thu, chng Nguyn mng bao 4 ni: Sao Khin Ngu

5

ng a phn

Dng Chu, phn lm nc Vit. Chu l s [1b] ni v v tr ca Ng, Vit v Dng Chu rng:

Nam u 6

h lu sng Ngn H, ng vo khon Hoi Hi 7 l phn ca nc Ng; sao Khin

Ngu xa sng Thin H 8, t D Chng

9

n Ci K 10

, v pha nam vt qu Ng Lnh (Lnh)

phn ca nc Vit. Li ni thm: Cc chu Nam thuc pha ng thng ngun sng Ngn H,

thuc sao Thun Ha 11

m cc sao Liu, sao Tinh, sao Trng 12

u ng trung chu, khng ph

lin vi t min bin, cho nn Nam Vit thuc sao Thun V 13

.

Chng a l ch -Tin Hn th 14

chp rng: Vit Nam vo phn sao Khin Ngu v sao V

N 15

. Theo sch Tinh kinh 16

sao Khin Ngu c 6 ngi th ngi th 1 v th 2 l ch v Nam Vit,

2 sao y sng t th vng o vng tt. Hoi Nam t trong Thin Vn hun Tinh b a danh ni:

4 Nguyn mng bao (): Cng vit l mt loi sch sm k coi v m dng ca Xun thu. Sch

ny tht lc. 5 Khin Ngu (): Tn ngi sao. Thi xa ly Khin Ngu lm bit danh ca Ngu T, nay u cho l tn

ring ca H C. Ngu T l mt ngi sao trong Nh thp bt t, l ngi sao th hai ca chm sao Huyn V, c 6 sao, u thuc ta Ma Yt. 6 Nam u (): Cn gi l u T, l tn mt ngi sao. Sch Tinh kinh chp: "Nm ngi u T v

pha ty Nam ca Hon tinh, ch v cn ong, o lng". 7 Hoi Hi: (cha tra cu c).

8 Thin H (): Cn gi l Ngn H, Tinh H, Minh H, Ging H, Trng H, Thu H, Ngn Hong,

Ngn Hn, Thin Hn, Vn Hn, H Hn, Tinh Hn, Thin Hng, Thin Tn, ch dy ngi sao tp hp thnh mt chui di v cng, mu my trng rt d nhn thy. 9 D Chng (): Tn t xa, l vng t Hn ng, Giang Bc, tc ti Giang Bc, Hoi Nam, Trung

Quc ngy nay. 10

Ci K (): Tn qun do nh Tn thit lp, nay pha ng Nam tnh Giang T v tnh Chit Giang. i Tng i lm ph Thiu Hng. 11

Thun Ha (): Tn sao, cn gi l Tm T, Liu T, l mt trong Nh thp bt t, l ngi th nm trong by ngi sao Thng Long, thuc Yt Ta. Tm T cn c gi l Thng tinh. 12

Liu - Tinh - Trng ( - -): y l ba ngi sao thuc phng Nam trong Nh thp bt t. Sao Liu

tc sao Thun Ha (xem ch thch ch Thun Ha bn trn). Sao Tinh l mt ngi sao trong Nh thp bt t, l ngi th hai trong chm sao by ngi Chu iu. Sao Tinh c by ngi, 6 ngi thuc Trng X ta, ch ring sao Tinh l mt ta chiu sng l loi. Sao Trng l sao Thun V ( xem ch thch sao Thun V bn di). 13

Thun V (): Tn sao cn gi l Trng T, l mt trong Nh thp bt t, l ngi th nm trong chm

sao Chu iu, c 6 ngi tt c, u thuc Trng X ta. 14

Tin Hn th -a l ch (): Tin Hn tc thi k u nh Hn tnh t Hn Cao T Lu Bang

sng nghip cho n Nh T Anh. Hu Hn tnh t Hn Quang V cho n Hin . Tin Hn th -a l ch c l l sch a l trong Hn th thi Tin Hn. 15

V N (): Tn ngi sao, tc l N T, Tu N, l mt trong Nh thp bt t, l ngi sao th ba trong

chm sao Huyn V by ngi. Sch Nh nh chp: "V N tc sao Tu N". Sch Bt nh cng vit: "Tu N l sao V N". 16

Tinh kinh (): Tn sch thin vn xa. Tng s Ngh vn ch c "Cam Thch vu hm th Tinh kinh" mt

quyn, "Lu Biu Tinh kinh" mt quyn.


Nc Ng, nc Vit thuc sao Ngu, sao Tu N 17

. Thm Hoi Vin 18

trong Nam Vit ch 19

ni : t Nam Vit thuc phn sao Ngu, sao N, ng th - Thin vn ch

20 chp :

Sao Nam u l phn nc Ng, [2a] sao Khin Ngu l phn nc Vit. Sch Sn ng kho

sch 21

li ni: sao Ngu, sao N, l phn nc Vit. Xt: Thu i ng c ngi i n Qunh

Hi 22

va lc thng 8, thy di sao Lo Nhn Nam Cc c v s sao ln m thi xa cha t

tn. Sch S k - Thin quan th 23

chp: Sao H Th 24

hng thng vo sao Thin Lang 25

. Di

sao Thin Lang gn t c sao ln, gi tn l Nam Cc Lo Nhn. Sao Lo Nhn 26

xut hin th

nc c yn, thng n tit thu phn th trng thy hng Nam. Tinh kinh chp sao H Mu

c 6 ngi gip sao ng Tnh 27

hai h Nam Bc, mi h c ba sao. Ba sao Nam H gi l sao

Nam Th, sao y gn sao Lo Nhn, ch v ca ng nc Vit. Mun xem sao x Vit Nam th

xem sao Nam Th, v mun xem sao Nam Th th xem sao Nam u. Xt 6 sao Nam u, trong c

sao th 3 pha ty cch cc 119 l ch x Nam Vit. Vy th t Gia nh gn gii hn sao Ngu,

l sao th nht pha nam ca chm sao Nam Th, l sao th hai ng sao Nam Cc Lo Nhn,

gn bn phn sao Tnh [2b] m khng thuc phn ca sao Tnh. Nh vy, t Gia nh tuy pha

nam m li c th tin ti hng ng vy. V li sao Lo Nhn thng n tit thu phn tri trong

17

Tu N (): Tu N tc sao V N bn trn. 18

Thm Hoi Vin (): (Tra cha ra). 19

Nam Vit ch (): C l l sch vit v nc Nam Vit bn Trung Quc. Xa Hn Cao T phong

Triu lm Nam Vit vng. Sau khi Triu mt, n i Ai vng, Thi hu h C vn ngi Hn mun dng nc cho nh Hn b T tng L Gia git, tn lp Kin c lm vua (tc Thut Dng vng). Sau Hn c L Bc c sang nh bt c L Gia, Nam Vit dit vong. 20

ng th, Thin vn ch (): Sch thin vn trong b ng th. ng th chia ra Tn

ng th v Cu ng th. Tn ng th do u Dng Tu v Tng K i Tng son gm 225 quyn. Cu ng th gm 200 quyn do Lu H i Hu Tn phng sc son. 21

Sn ng kho sch (): Tn sch do Chng D Ngu i Tng son, tin tp 60 quyn, hu

tp 65 quyn, tc tp 56 quyn, bit tp 25 quyn. Tin tp chia ra lm 30 loi, hu tp chia ra lm 7 loi, tc tp 15 loi, bit tp 11 loi, mc u khc nhau, nhng i phn n b sung cho phn kia nn th thc rt phc tp, tuy nhin dn c su sc, kho bin tinh tng, l mt quyn sch tt thi Nam Tng. 22

Qunh Hi (): Cn gi l Qunh Chu, Qunh Chu o, tc o Hi Nam ngy nay, pha nam

huyn Qunh Sn, tnh Sn ng. 23

S k, Thin quan th ( -): l sch Thin quan trong b S k, tc sch thin vn thi xa.

Thin quan l t ch tinh quan trong mn thin vn, bi tinh ta c th bc cao thp cng ging nh tn ti trong quan chc triu nh, cho nn mi gi l Thin quan. 24

H (): tc sao H Th (). Theo sch thin vn S k Thin quan th th di sao Thin Lang c

bn ngi sao gi l H hng thng vo sao Thin Lang (Chnh ngha): Chn ngi sao Hng nam sao Lang, l cy cung ca tri. H Th hng thng v sao Lang. Sch Tng s Thin vn ch cng chp: "Chn ngi sao H Th ti ng nam l sao Lang, l cy cung ca bu tri". 25

Lang (): Tc sao Thin Lang ( ). Theo sch S k, Thin quan th: "Pha ng c mt ngi sao ln

gi l Thin Lang". Sch Tn th, Thin vn ch: "Sao Thin Lang v pha ng nam ca sao ng Tnh". Lang l sao man d, ch xm lc. Xt sao Thin Lang thuc ta i Khuyn, sc xanh trng, sng nht trong nhm cc hnh tinh. 26

Lo Nhn (): Tc sao Nam Cc Lo Nhn ( ) Theo sch S k, Thin quan th th di sao

Lang gn mt t c mt ngi sao ln gi l Nam Cc Lo Nhn. Tn Chc ch "Lang t a" l ch sao Lang gn t nht". (Chnh ngha: "Ngi sao Lo Nhn ti pha nam ca sao H gi l Nam Cc). Sch Quan tng ngon chim: "Ngi sao Lo Nhn pha nam H Th cn gi l sao Nam Cc Lo Nhn, ch th kho,cho nn cn gi l Th tinh". Xt sao Lo Nhn thuc ta Long Ct, tn Ty l Canopus, mu xanh trng lt, cch pha nam Thin Lang c 36, ch thng hai mi xut hin chch ph cn Nam thin a bnh, cho nn t ai thy c ngi Th tinh ny. 12.000 nm sau khi sao Chc N cng v Bc Cc tinh th sao Lo Nhn thnh sao Nam Cc. 27

ng Tnh (): Tn sao, tc Tnh T, l mt trong Nh thp bt t, cng l ngi sao u trong chm sao

Chu iu 7 ngi gm tm v sao thuc ta Song T.


tnh th thy xut hin v tr Bnh inh (phng Nam), gn ni Nam Cc, cho nn gi l sao Nam

Cc Lo Nhn, khng phi ngay ni Nam Cc; cng nh sao Bc u khng phi ngay ch

Bc Cc. Qua khi khong , Nam Cc ln cao dn, Bc Cc xung thp dn, nhng sao ngoi

phm vi cc y th trong sch Tinh kinh phn nhiu khng thy chp. t Gia nh n ngy

Mang Hin (Tua Rua Hin) hng nm ngi ta thng xem sao gieo m. V nh thy sao L V

(sao Chui Cy) xut hin th m cht, thy sao Tr V (ui Heo) xut hin th m vng, 2 sao y

u di sao Lo Nhn m t xa cng cha t tn l sao g.

XEM KH HU (Ph)

Phng Nam thuc qu Ly, Ly l tng mt tri, thuc ha. Ngi Gia nh vng gn bin,

thng thy trc mt tri mi mc, hnh th to ln [3a] bi v bin Nam cch ni mt tri mc

khng xa, cho nn trng thy mt tri ln 28

. V li thy trn c phn ngoi ca mt tri cho nn

hnh n ln. Vnh ngoi c lp nh sng, vnh trong chiu tia sng, khi u mi mc thy phn

ngoi trc m cha thy phn chi sng trong. Phn ngoi thuc m kh, cha phi l dng

kh, ri li b kh ni rng sng m bc ln che lp, nn thy n ln m li mt m.

Kh hu Gia nh thng m, c vo qu xun (thng 3) mi bt u ma, ma h l ma ma

chnh, ma thu th ma ro, mi khi ma to chng khc nghing v m , nhng ch trong 1, 2 gi

ri tnh nng. Cng c i khi ma dm d 1, 2 ngy, nhng khng c khi no kh v ma c tun

c thng. Tuy 4 ma u c ma nhng ch tit ng ch mi hi lnh. Kh hu khng thng nn

4 ma hoa u ua n ta ngt hng thm, khi tri mt trng trong tc l Trung thu, khng cn

phi ly thng ngy m xt on. T Thc k 29

c cu: T thi cu th h, Nht v tin thnh thu

(bn ma u nng nh ma h, mt trn ma tr thnh ma thu). Li c cu: Lnh (Lnh) Nam

vn vt giai xun sc [3b] (mun vt Lnh (Lnh) Nam u c sc xun). Kh hu Gia nh

ging nh th.

Kh tri Nam Vit nng m t li m thp do m ha hun c, kh bin tc ng thnh ra sm,

cho nn mi khi ma th ng thi c sm st. Cht t ni b bin li tha mng, khng

cha ha kh cho bn cht, nn lc dng kh qu mnh, gp m kh xng ln, chng chm nhau

ha ra ng la chp, gp nhng vt ng cao nh ct bum hay cy ci ngn tr, kh c bn

b p m n tung vo, vy th ngi hay vt b st nh cht l bi gp ri ro bt cht thi 30

, cn

ma ng m c sm st l s thng.

Gia nh v phng Ly 31

m t m dng nhiu, thng c nhiu gi nam. V mt tri

phng Nam m gi cng t phng Nam n, nn c nhiu gi nam thi mnh, nhng khng lo c

gi bo, bi gi bo l gi tp hp c 4 phng li [4a]. Gi khi u pha ng bc, tc t

pha bc thi qua ty, khi u pha ty bc, tc t pha bc thi qua ng, nhng u n pha

nam th ngng. V gi Gia nh ly pha nam lm hng chnh, phm gi bo t phi quay v

pha nam ri ngng, cho nn Gia nh khng c gi bo.

28

y l quan nim thin vn thi 200 nm trc. 29

T Thc ngi Mi Sn i Tng, con T Tun, anh T Trit, t T Chim, Tin s nm Gia Hu, sung s qun. V dng s ln Thn Tng can vic thi hnh tn php ca Vng An Thch nn by i Hng Chu, H Chu, Hong Chu, Hu Chu, Qunh Chu. Lc Hong Chu, xy nh trin ni pha ng (ng Pha) nn xng l "ng Pha c s". n i Trit Tng gi v lm quan tri nhiu chc, n oan Minh in Th c hc s, khi mt c thy l Vn Trung. 30

y l cch l gii gn vi khoa hc ca Trnh Hoi c. Thu dn gian cho rng ngi b st nh l

do n c c b tri pht. 31

Ly phng (): Qu Ly thuc phng Nam, vy Ly phng l phng Nam. Qu ny (Ly thng, Ly

h) thuc tng ha, nht in, trung n.


Gia nh ni chm thng thong, li nhiu gi thi, khng t c kh lam chng, m li

ngoi Ng Lnh (Lnh)32

nn khng c bng tuyt. V mc l kh thun kim, phng Nam th ha

thnh (thnh) kim suy, n tit cui thu kh tri vn cn nng, kh kim khng ng thnh git c

nn t c mc, t mc nn khng kt t thnh sng, cho n ma ng thy l a vng rng mi

bit c sng ri cht t m thi.

Kh ni chm khi mi bc ln thnh khi m, ln gia tri lm ra my, cui cng lm ra ma,

ma y do my m ra, my t trong ni bay ra th gy u m, t bin bay vo th gy ma. Gia

nh thng c nhiu my , y l do Ly ha pht sanh, c my [4b] t trong t lin bc ln m

mt en ti ta rng n 1, 2 dm, n hin nh u rng hoc nhui rng, n khi gp gi cun

li th nc phun ln lm cho sng cn m kh, nh ca cy ci bay tc, kh m en xoy trn t

di t xoy ln ri bng nhin ma ln, tc gi l rng ly nc nhng hin tng y cng t

thy.

Nc l mch mu ca t, ty theo kh a y m lm ra ngn triu, bui sng ln gi l triu,

bui chiu xung gi l tch, nhng gi chung l thy triu. Triu cng mt trng hng ng vi

nhau, hot ng ca m dng khng sai vi thi tit, nn gi triu tn. Ta thng thy khi nc

va ln th c gi; khi nc ng th gi lng; sau ngy mng mt, ngy rm 2 - 3 ngy nc bt

u ln, gi cng thi mnh; sau cc ngy thng huyn (ngy 8 v ngy 9) v h huyn (ngy 22,

23) 2, 3 ngy nc rt dn xung th gi cng du dn, bi v gi l m ca nc, nn mi ni nc

sinh ra bi gi l vy. Thy triu Gia nh c khc so vi cc ni, mi thng c 2, 3 ngy nc

n (khng c ln, rng) ma ng th ti 3, 4 ngy. Thng 8 thng 9 33

[5a] thy triu ln khc

thng, tit h ch ln vo ban ngy, tit ng ch ln vo ban m; ngy 25, 26 nc bt u ln,

n mng mt mnh, qua mng 3 li mnh hn na, ri sau dn dn nh li. n ngy 11, 12 th

nc li ln, n ngy rm mnh, qua ngy 18 34

mnh hn na, sau li nh dn. y l do xem

theo mt trng y vi lm chng. Tc thng ly khi nc ln lm thy u, tc gi u con nc

cng gi nc rong, nc st xung lm thy v tc gi cui con nc, cng gi nc km. Dn

nh c thng xem bui nc ln nc rng m hnh nghnh bt, khi u con nc th nhiu

c, khi cui con nc th t c. Khi giao thi gia ma h v ma thu, con nc ln bui mai cha

xung, m con nc rng bui chiu ni tip, thm c gi ng nam k tip y mnh nn nc

bin dng ln, y gi l p triu (tc gi l nc n rong) 35

. y l do triu tch bin chuyn m

nc khng ng kp theo tit nhp vy. Gia nh gip b bin, di thm bin c nhiu dng nc

chy ngm trong lng bin, nn thy triu dng mnh, mau trn ngp b bn. V li, a th pha

ty bc rt cao [5b], pha ng nam li rt thp, cho nn khi nc rt li chy cun cun v pha

ng, lm cho bi sng kh cn. Ngi ta o c mc nc rt lui su xung n 13 thc ta 36

.

32

Ng Lnh (Lnh) (): Ch Lnh, Tin Hn th v Hu Hn th u vit l . Hn th, Trng Nh

truyn: Nam hu Ng Lnh chi th. Phc Kin ch: "Sn Lnh c nm ngn, cho nn gi l Ng Lnh. a gii x Giao Ch v Hp Ph c cc ngn ni ". Xt li ch gii ca S C: "Li gii thch ca Phc Kin l nhm. Lnh l pha ty, l Nam Hong Sn, ng cng bin, l gii hn ca mt ngn ni, nhng gi tiu ch chung l Ng Lnh". Sch Qung Chu k ca Bi Th th Ng Lnh l "i Du, Th An, Lm H, Qu Dng, Yt Dng (tc Bng)". Cn Nam Khang k ca ng c Minh th cho Ng Lnh l: i Du Lnh, Qu Dng Kin Lnh, Cu Chn Bng Lnh, Lm H Mnh Ch Lnh, Th An Thnh Vit Lnh. Cn theo sch c s Phng D k yu th Ng Lnh l 5 con ng nhp lnh: Mt l ng t Phc Kin vo Qung ng Tun Mai, hai l ng t Nam An Giang Ty vo Nam Hng Qung ng, ba l ng t H Nam vo Lin huyn Qung ng, bn l t o Chu H Nam vo Qung Ty, nm l t Ton Chu H Nam vo Tnh Giang Qung Ty. 33

Ngi lm ngh h bc rt ch trng ti con nc. Trong thc t, thng 10 m lch l cng triu to nht. 34

Cng theo thc t, ngy 17 m lch nc rong cao nht v c cu tc ng Nc mi by nhy b. 35

Nc n rong l do nc ln cha dt th ti c nc rng, nc rng cha kp rt th gi p nc

bin vo nn nc rng phi dng li, do nc c lnh bnh mt thi gian khng rng ri ln li. 36

Theo Histoire du Viet Nam ca L Thnh Khi, 1 thc ta bng 0,425 m. Nm 1900, triu nh Hu nh

li mt thc ta bng 0,4 m. Cn mt thc Trung Quc bng 0,325 m.


Vng cc huyn, o 37

nm dc theo b bin Gia nh, t ai thng m thp, kh dng

thng tit ra, kh m thp thng nung nu; kh dng tit ra, nn thn ngi on trn ng tr, s

tht tha kh, nhiu m hi t thm lng, ma h a ung nc mt, n ma thu, ma ng

thng pht bnh st rt, bi v hn kh nhim vo t, m t l thuc th, ch tn (ng hn), cho

nn c st rt thng pht vo khong thi gian nht nh trong ngy chng sai chy. Gia nh l

ni cha kh Khin dng 38

tch t kh thp nhiu, trong 1 nm gi ma lnh m, t khi theo ng

thi tit, cho nn c nhiu lung gi nghch ma, m con ngi th s tht tha h, d b ngoi t

cm mo, bi bnh pht thng t gi, ri gi c y nhim su vo trong, thnh ra bnh phong.

Xem trong ch phong c ch Phong (gi) th bit nguyn nhn ca bnh y 39

.

37

Huyn, o tc qun v ht o. Nhiu huyn thnh mt o, nhiu o thnh mt trn. Nu hiu o l "o binh" l nhm, t nh "Long Xuyn o" l ht o Long Xuyn (C Mau) thuc trn H Tin, ch khng phi "o binh tnh Long Xuyn". 38

Khin dng (): l nh dng quang nhiu qu. Sch T truyn, ng v Khin dng ch :

Khin () ngha l "nhiu qu". Dng () ngha l "nh nng mt tri". 39

Suy ch phong () va c ngha l bnh phong in va bnh phong hi, nhng trong ng cnh ny c l

ngha "phong hi" thch hp hn, v on vn ang t bnh t da. Nhng cng c th hiu l bnh phong thp, phong hn cng c v khng c chi tit no xc nh tc gi mun ni v bnh phong no !


Quyn II a: SN XUYN CH

(Chp v ni sng)

i non l xng ca t, sng nc l mu ca t, ni sng p sinh dng lu thng, m

to nn t ai mt phng vy. Nhng bc anh hng ho kit, trung thn lit n cng nhn

m sn sinh ra. Cng sinh ra nhiu vt qu pht trin v bao ca ci sinh si khng g l

khng y . Tuy sch v trong ngoi 1 c ch chp ch khng, tn gi xa nay cng khc, y l

ty vo tng thi i, ty tng vng t m cch gi c ch khng ging nhau.

Sch Qun t 2 chp: Trong thin h c 5.370 ngn ni c ting. Hoi Nam t ni: Ni Nam

Cc gi l Th Mn 3. S k

4 chp: Trong thin h c 8 ngn ni ln, 3 ngn ngoi, cn Trung

Quc c 5 ngn. Sch Thp chu k 5 chp: nh Pht bo trn nh ni Tu Di c 4 ngn ni ng

cao vt ln, mi ngn u cao 700 nhn 6, mi ngn ch mt phng trong thin h.

Nam thin h gi l chu Dim Ph 7 a l th chp: Ni Thi T l ngn ni cao nht, l

ni pht tch xa c ca mt phng [1b], cc long mch u xut pht t. Nguyn trung k chp:

Trong thin h nc l vt nhiu hn c; nng tri, t, ch cao ch thp khng u l khng

n, mun vt u c thm nhun. Vt lun chp: Ci thnh lp ra tri t l nc, nc l gc

ca tri t, vic nh ra nguyn kh, pht ra nht nguyt, ging by tinh t, tt c u do nc m

hnh thnh, ngoi 9 chu ra 8 u l nc c. Nay xem li cc sch th trong khong tri t, ni

1 Nguyn vn vit trung ngoi (). Trung () ch trong nc, tc Trung Quc. Ngoi () ch ngoi

nc Trung Quc, tc t di. 2 Qun t (): Tn sch gm 24 quyn. Bn c "Qun Trng i Chu son", nhng ni dung sch

phn nhiu chp nhng vic sau khi Qun Trng qua i, iu chng t sch c ngi sau thm v nhiu iu. Nguyn bn (bn) gm 86 thin, nay tht lc 10 thin. Ch ca sch ny xa ghi do Phng Huyn Linh son. Theo Triu th c th ch th sch ny chnh do Dun Tri Chng ch. Ch t ch l ch m, Qun t tc Qun Trng, Tng quc ca T Hon cng. 3 Th Mn: (): Sch Try hnh ca Hoi Nam T chp: "Nam Phng l ni ca Nam Cc, l Th Mn

(Ca Nng)". Phng Nam thnh dng, cha m ni , cho nn mi gi l Ca Nng. 4 S k (): Sch gm 130 quyn do T M Thin i Hn tip tc cng trnh ca cha l m m son

thnh, chp s vic t i Hong cho n Hn Quang V gm 12 thin Bn k t thut cc vng, 10 thin Biu qun nht nguyt, 30 thin Th gia tp thut cng hu, 70 thin Lit truyn chp chuyn s th, 8 thin Th. Tng cng 130 thin. 5 Thp chu k (): Ch mt quyn, gi l Hi ni Thp chu k. Bn xa l "ng Phng Sc

i Hn son". Thp chu l: T, Doanh, Huyn, Vim, Trng, Nguyn, Lu, Sanh, Phng Ln, Tu Qut cc chu. V sau thm v my chu na l: Thng Hi o, Phng Trng Chu, Ph Tang, Bng Khu, Cn Lun. 6 Nhn: (): Theo T Hi (b tin do Th Tn Thnh ch bin - ch ca Bt), mt nhn bng tm thc

i Chu, tc bng 6,48 m. Nhng cng c sch ni mt nhn bng mt tm. Thng nhn l mt n v chung chung dng o phng chiu cao mt cch i khi nh Sn cao thin nhn, ni ni cao lm. 7 Nam thin h dim ph : (): Kinh Pht cho rng trong bn b quanh Tu Di Sn c bn chu

ln gi l T i B chu. l: ng Thng Thn chu, do thn hnh chu ny rt th thng a hnh nh bn nguyt, mt ngi cng th. Nam Thim B chu tc Nam Dim Ph ; Thim l tn mt th cy, chu ny do tn cy m thnh, a hnh nh thng xe, mt ngi cng th. Ty Ngu Ha chu v Bc Cu L chu. Ci Nam thin h dim ph hiu theo ngha hp l t n theo v tr quan thi c i. 8 Cu chu (): Thi xa Trung Quc phn thin h ra lm chn chu. C ba cch phn cu chu khc

nhau l: V Cng cu chu, Nh Nh cu chu v Chu L cu chu. V Cng cu chu i H: Duyn, K,

N


sng chim phn ln; ngi xa u c lc ly l m bn mt cch tng qut cha th kho cu

n cng nh ra tn gi ca nc, ch bit mi phng c trng mt phng, ty theo ni cao

sng ln ca phng m phn lm thn chnh t tng ri chia ra ngnh dng con chu dy y ra

m tip tc nhau, i l theo ngi ti a phng xng h m t ra tn tui m thi,

khng cn cu n rng ni sng y tu dn n, m m chm vo nhng iu nghe bit c trong

sch xa chp ra m lm g !

TRN BIN HA

LONG N SN (NI LONG N)

v pha ty, cch trn 9 4 dm ri, t cao cht vt, cy ci tt ti, n lm bnh phong sau

cho Vn Miu, th ni quanh co p , di c thy tinh.

BU PHONG SN (NI L GM) 10

pha ty trn cch 4 dm, pha ty nam trng xung sng ln, lm tm che ng sau ca ni

Long n. Sui bu tm nhun, dn ti rung ng. Trn ni c cha Bu Phong, pha tri c

u rng ng sng, pha phi c nhiu phng mt nh thin sng 11

, khi my man mc, cy ci

um tm, vn nhn nghing chn vnh ma p, m n ni gt k hnh hng, tht l thng cnh

hng nht ca trn thnh.

QUY D (HN RA)

Hn nm gia dng sng Phc Long 12

, cch pha ty trn n 9 dm 13

. Hn di 3 dm,

c dn c cy cy, di c [2b] sng di un khc qun quanh, thuyn bum ra vo, sng xao khi

ln, khi n khi hin nh hnh con ra thn tm sng, p nht l cnh ma ri.

BCH THCH SN (NI TRNG)

v pha ty, cch trn 10 dm. Ni rng quanh co, nc sui rc rch, cc loi t gic, voi, nai,

hu, ra vo tng by. Chn ni gi ln sn c, pha nam trng xung ch Ng Tn (ch Bn C).

THCH HA SN (HN LA)

a phn thn Bnh Thnh, tng Phc Vinh. G tng khi lm chm, c nhiu khi

la. Khi tri nng nng gt th ny la bn ra bn pha, trng nh sao sa.

O CANG (HN G O)

T, Thanh, D, Kinh, Dng, Ung, Lng. Nh Nh cu chu i Thng: K, D, T, Ung, Kinh, Dng, Duyn, U, Dinh. Chu L cu chu i Chu: Dng, Dinh, D, Thanh, Duyn, Ung, U, K, Tnh. 9 Trn: Nn hiu y l trn l (Bt).

10 Theo cun Petit cours de gographie de la Basse Cochinchine (PCGBC) ca Trng Vnh K in nm 1875

th Bu Phong sn l ni L Gm, bi khi xa y l ni lm gch lm gm, cn gi l o L, o Cang (G o). Ting Kh me l Phnom Dan Dy. 11

Thin sng: bng phng, cc thin s dng ni y lm ging, lm sp nm ngh, nh thin sng trong cha. 12

Sng Phc Long tc l sng ng Nai. Sng ny cng cn gi l Phc Giang, bt ngun rt xa t ni Thn Qui vng cao nguyn Ty Bc ca Trn Bin ni vng dn tc t ngi (Cao nguyn Langbiang - Lm ng). Khi chy xung gn bin li thnh sng Tn Bnh, Phc Bnh. 13

Dm l dch ch L () nguyn vn. Mt l, tc dm bng 576 m (mtres) (xem thm ch Xch phn t vng). Theo Histoire du Vit Nam ca L Thnh Khi, 1 dm ta = 720 m. n vo chiu di ca ta xa qui ra mt (mtre) theo Ty phng khng thng nht.


Tc gi l ni L Gm, v pha ng, cch trn 4 dm. dng chp chng, sng nc lao

xao, thu xa y l ch nung snh ngi, cnh tr rt u nh.

CHIU THI SN (H 14

NI CHIU THI) (NAY GI L CHU THI)

pha nam cch trn 11 dm ri. Tng ni cao vt xanh l, c th rm tt, lm tm bnh phong

chu v trn thnh, hnh ni cao thp khut khc, un ln qua hng ng, gip h lu sng

Phc Giang 15

ri n g Khng Tc (G Cng) th dt. on gia ti mt bc ni thn Long

Thnh, gia ng bng tri ra mt g cao nh vch dng, sau lng g y l ch b ni Lng tu

hnh, c dng am Vn Tnh (tc gi l cha Vi Lng) trng rt u nh. V sau qun Ty Sn p

b cha Pht, nhng nay nn c hoang ph vn cn.

cui hn ni ny v pha bc ti ng ba ch ra mt nhnh chy n a phn thn Long Tuy th

dng ri bng ni thnh g cao bng phng rng ri; bn ni c hang h v khe sui, dn ni

ven quanh, trn c cha Hi Sn l ch thin s Khnh Long dng gy tu hnh 16

ni trng

xung sng ln, hnh khch leo ln thm, c cm tng nh tiu si thot tc.

THN QUY SN (H)

Tc gi l ni Ba Ba, c sui trong ni chy ra, l mch pht nguyn ca sng Phc Long (tc

gi ngn sng ng Nai). Sui y c hn ln dng nh con ra [3b] cun chn, u thng ng

ln hng ty, th nm y ma lt bnh thng, nu quay mnh theo dng sui ng v hng ng,

th nm y t c lt ln. y l vt thn t nhin, khng phi l do sc ngi sp xp ni. Ngi dn

ni y thng xem bit ma lt ln nh trong nm, cho nn gi l ni Thn Quy (Ra

thn), li cng gi l Th Sn. Ni lm gii hn cui cng cho pha ty ca trn, cch trn v pha

ty bc hn 445 dm 17

, ngun xa xa pht t hng chnh bc, sn ni nguy nga, hang ng

huyn o, lm hang , sc cho cc b lc man, lo chia vng m ri rc khp ni.

Sng chnh ca ni kh lc hng v, t trong y chy n ri ni ln ni Quy Sn cao ngt, v tr

v hng ty bc 18

. Khi th (thy) l ngn ni Ha Tinh cao nhn19

lm ni t cho mt phng.

Li cn c nhiu hn ni chy ging, trng trng ip ip, m ra nh mn trng theo hai bn t

hu, vy quanh pha bc n pha ng, s lin tip, t ln ln, tc l ni Bu Ching, ni

14

Chng ti dch h v trong thc t, ni Chu Thi nm tr tri mt mnh khng c dnh lin vi cc ni t trong on vn nm rt xa ni ci Chu Thi. Ni Thn Qui cng vy, v tc gi miu t c mt h ni theo ng cho nam bc, ty ng, ly ni Thn Qui lm giao im. Cc ni lin h ny nm rt xa ni Thn Qui, nh ni B en tn Ty Ninh, ni Thy Vn tn bi bin Vng Tu, trong khi ni Thn Qui cc ty gip vi trn Bnh Thun. 15

Phc giang: Tn gi tt ca sng Phc Long giang tc sng ng Nai hin nay. 16

Nguyn vn vit Phn tu chi a () Phn tu c ngha t hng (phn hng) tu hnh. Ch

"Phn tu" ny thot t ch "Hun tu" () l ting nh Pht. Hun c ngha l xng hi cho m thm, tu l tu hnh, tc ly c tu thn, nh ly hng thm xng o qun, cho nn gi l hun tu. Phn tu chi a c ngha l "ch tu hnh". 17

Theo T Nguyn, 1 dm = 576m 445 dm = 257 km. 18

Nguyn vn vit V c Hi Long () tc long mch v ngi hi, tc v tr ty bc. 19

Ha tinh () theo sch Phong thy, ni cao nhn gi l ha tinh, nhng y cng c th l tn ni.


Cha Chan, ni Lai (Ly), ni Nc, ni Lin, ni Tiu Nghiu v cc ni M Xoi 20

, ni B a 21

ni Thy Vn 22

gip bin mi ht.

[4a] Pha bc ni Lin Sn l trn Thun Thnh l a gii ngi man, pha nam l trn Bin Ha

cng l a gii man thun thuc. Nhnh bn phi quanh ln pha ty ri qua pha nam l ni C,

ni B R, ni Lp V, g ng tri tht, qua hm bng rung, c ch hnh trng bng, c ch hnh

xu chui, c nhiu tn gi v hnh trng khc nhau, li c ni B inh 23

ni L Ym n sng ln

nc Cao Min mi dt.

THIT KHU SN

Tc gi l ni L Thi, pha bc Phc Giang, pha ng cch trn 19 dm, do sng ng

Chn i quanh qua pha bc 3 dm ri l ch L St 24

, y g ng li lm, rng r xanh rm,

ngi lm st t hp thnh ch, m l nung, cung np thu st, qung st rt thnh vng. Nm Tn

Mi (1811) nin hiu Gia Long th 10, c ngi tnh Phc Kin (Trung Quc) l L Kinh T v

Lm Hc Tam xin trng thu, m l ch to rt tinh xo, c nhiu st tt, c lm ni cho, thu

nhiu li, ri sau em ht ca ci v qu t Mn (thuc tnh Phc Kin). y l ch tri t n

hu gip cho dn ngho kim sng vy.

[4b] K SN (NI K - CN GI NI HA PHT)

Tc gi l ni B K, y l ly theo tn ngi (sau y cng c nhiu ch phng theo nh th..)

v pha ng cch trn 91 dm, c t , sui nc ngt, cy ci rm rp, chim mung t tp,

ngi bn phng ko n , h chuyn ngh sn bn v n g sinh nhai.

N TNG SN 25

(NI B VI) (NAY GI L NI TH VI)

Tc gi l ni B Vi, a phn huyn Long Thnh. Xa c ngi con gi h L, gia t giu

c, nhng do kn chn l th, sau khi cha m mt ri mi c chng nhng khng c bao lu

chng cng cht, b th khng ti gi, nhng b k cng ho cy mai mi thng n quy nhiu,

b bn trn i xung tc, lp am nh ni, t lm b thy c, k n ngi lm , gi lng

tu tp, sau thnh chnh qu, do ngi i ly t b vi m t tn ni.

Ni ny cch pha ng trn 120 dm, t lm chm, cy ci to ln um tm. Nu ng

thnh Gia nh m trng th n ging nh vin ngc mu xanh vng by ra nt p. Dn ni

ly khai thc th sn ni sinh sng, nh cy g, nha cy, than ci v mung th.

[5a] LNG GIAO SN (NI LNG GIAO) 26

20

Nguyn vn vit ch Nm ( }) l Mi Xoi, nhng ngi a phng gi l M Xoi, chng ti xin dch

M Xoi, tc vng ng Xoi B Ra ngy nay. Hai ch Nm } c nhiu cch c khc nhau: Mi Xu,

M Xuy, Mi Xuy, Mi Xoi. Hunh Tnh Ca trong i Nam quc m t v dch Mi Xoi l ng vi m ca

hai ch Nm trn. Trng Vnh K chu kh tm hiu tn a phng th nhn dn y gi l ni M Xoi.

Do ng chp trong sch PCGBC l M Xoi. 21

B a: Tc B Ra 22

Ni Thy Vn: bi Sau Vng Tu. 23

Tc ni B en Ty Ninh. 24

Dn a phng ch gi tt l Ch L, nay l p Thit Tng () c ngha l L Th Rn, nhng c nh kho c vit sch gii thch "Thit Tng" l "m st to bng con tng", hoc c mt s ngi cho

rng "Thit Tng" l con voi st, (c l do nhm ch tng () vn c ngha l th vi ch tng () l con Voi). p ny xm Cu Vn, x An Ha, huyn Long Thnh, tnh ng Nai. 25

Theo quyn su, trang 5718 h sch Pht Quang i tin ch th Tng hay gi l Tng Gi, ting Phn l Sm - gha, ting Pali ng, l t ch chung T Khu hay T Khu Ni, nhng v sau Trung Quc, Nht Bn, Vit Nam li phn bit T Khu Ni l ni, cn T Khu (Kheo) l tng, vy dng t "N tng" ch t kheo ni, hay ni c, b vi g u c c.


a phn huyn Long Thnh, v pha ng bc cch trn 132 dm ri. C t , khe sui,

cy ci um tm, tri sch ca cc dn tc man thun thuc nng theo chn ni cng sng vi

hm, beo, t, voi.

TRN BIN SN (NI TRN BIN)

Tc gi l ni M Xoi v pha ng cch trn 145 dm. Hnh ni cao ngt, c knh, c nhiu

hang nai, i thng, my ph, thc sui, cnh tr tch mch, chu v thnh Gia nh t xa, cnh ni

tri ra p . Lng chng sn ni c ng su, quanh co cht hp cha ai i vo cho ht c.

C nh s tch cc tn l Ng Chn, dng cha c Vn ni ca ng tu hnh, hng ngy chn

rau qu tng nim Pht hiu, thun phc c c hm beo, li gii v ba cha bnh, thu c

l t ca ngi th em cp cho ngi ngho kh, khn cng. y cng l mt v cao tng c o

vy.

B A SN (NI B RA)

v pha ng bc cch trn 176 dm ri. Ni lm chm, cy ci xanh tt, ni trng xung

ch Long Thnh, chn ngang gia i l; dn o m ng gia sn ni xe nga i qua,

hai bn ng tng ng cao nh vch, t nh dng o vy 27

.

SA TRC SN (NI SA TRC)

Tc gi l ni Na, cch pha ng trn 185 dm 28

, trn ni c na, di ni c chm29

ln,

ngi t tp lm nghnh c.

THY VN SN (NI THY VN)

v pha ng cch thnh 194 dm. Th ni ng da ni b bin, cao ln p l thng, nh

chc thng ln tri, nhn thy c my t trn ni ta xung, cho nn mi c tn y. Trn ni c cha

Hi Nht, l ch trng ra bin o bng mt tri. Pha bc chn ni, cy ci xanh ti, l hang

ln rng v ngh ngi, chn ni cn c m to t bin thng vo, gi l Sn Tr c (tc gi l bi

Heo), khi gi nam thi mnh, tu thuyn thng vo u y trnh.

THT KY SN

Tc gi l ni Gnh Ri (hay Ghnh-ri), cch pha ng trn 243 dm ri. Pha bc t trong

chm ln bng qua khe [6a] rch, t hp ct , chy v hng ng m mc ra, quanh vng qua

hng ty, un ln dng nh con rng xanh tm bin, ri ni ln 3 ngn ni ng sng nh

chn nh gia bin; dng lm bi neo ct nu gia bin, ch r b bn cho thuyn nam bc

qua li v ngn sng ln dy cun sut ngy. u ni lm ca phi cho Tc K 30

, ui ni lm

bnh phong che ngoi cho Cn Gi, pha trong c vng ln lm ch cho ghe thuyn neo u ngh

ngi. Trn ni c sui nc ngt phun ra, di c dn chi sinh sng, tht l mt ca b c phong

cnh p nht. u gnh thng c ri c xut hin, nn mi c tn l ni Gnh Ri.

26

C ngi a phng cho bit y l ni Lang Giao. Tht ra ch nu c theo ch Hn l lang, cn c theo ch Nm l lng. Vn bn ca Trnh Hoi c khng lm du nn cha r ch ny l Hn hay Nm. Chng ti theo sch PCGBC ca Trng Vnh K phin m l Lng Giao. 27

Dng o (): Li gia. Ngy xa quan i p ng cao hn hai bn gi l dng o. 28

Nguyn vn in km bn dch Vin S hc do Nh xut bn Gio dc in nm 1998 (xin vit tt l VSH)

chp 185 dm, nguyn vn do Vin Hn Nm lu tr (xin vit tt l VHN) cng chp 185 dm, ch c nguyn

vn in km bn dch ca Nguyn To chp 80 dm. C th 80 dm l nhm, v ni Sa Trc, tc ni Na Nh

vng Long Thnh gn ni Ging Di, ni B Vi Lng, mi gn Trn Bin hn ni B Ra nhiu, tc cch

lng An Ha chng 10 dm, cch trn chng 30 dm, cn y l ni Na Ln vng B Ra cch xa trn

hn B Ra. Vy xin chn cch trn 185 dm. 29

Chm: Vng t thp b hoang, thng b ngp nc (Bt). 30

Theo Trng Vnh K, Tc K cn c tn Nm l Ca Lp hay Ging Bng.


THN MU SN

Tc gi l mi B Kc 31

lm ranh gii pha bc ca trn, cch trn 249 dm; c nhng ng

dc theo b bin, di c nhiu rn , trn c nhiu ng ct, hay ni gi to sng d bt thng,

ngi i thuyn n y lun cn thn. Trong ng c miu linh th Thn N ni, mt tin miu

trng ra ng ci quan, hnh khch chim l thng phi thnh knh cng bi v th g sng, [6b]

treo giy tin cu thn ph h.

PHC LONG GIANG

Tc gi l sng ng Nai, l mt sng ln ph Phc Long, nn ly tn ph t tn sng (sau

phn ng phng theo nh th).

Pht nguyn ca sng ny rt su xa, sui vc su rng, xut pht t ni Thn Quy chy ra, do

nc ng trong cc ni, mun hc thng thng hp li nn dng nc mnh mng, chy xung

hng ng cho n Tiu Giang (sng B), xm Sa Tn (Bn Ct), mt hng chy v thc lm

chm, nc chy hung hn him c, nn ghe thuyn khng lu thng c; nc thy triu ch ln

n y l dng, thuyn bun cng u ti y ri ln trm thu giao dch vi ngi Thng.

Ty tr xung, sng rng nc su, nc ngt trong veo l th nc c ting tt nht thnh

Gia nh dng gi u hay pha tr, d nc sui Trung Linh Kim Sn 32

hay Bch Hc Ba

Lng 33

(Trung Quc) cng khng hn c. Chy xung mt qung na th cng sng Tn Bnh

hp lu thnh ra sng Phc Bnh, ri chy xung hng ng ra ca bin ln Cn Gi. Thng

n thng 8 hng nm nc lt xung, ra sch bao x u, [7a] lan ta khp rung nng, tuy lt

c ln nh nhng khng s nn trn ngp mnh mng, ngi cht, nh tri, bi v sng ny c

nhiu nhnh rt chy ra bin rt nhanh.

I PH CHU

Tc gi l C Lao Ph, mt tn gi khc l ng Ph (Gin Ph) 34

cng cn gi l C Chu,

bi a th c lao un mnh khoanh dui hnh nh con c bng gin nc, nn c tn nh vy. C

lao ny cch pha ng trn 3 dm, di hn 7 dm, rng bng 2 phn 3 b di, nh con kim ng

trn ni thy khu, cy tr ngn sng ln cho trn thnh.

Phc Giang (sng ng Nai) quanh pha nam, sng Sa H (Rch Ct) vng pha bc, thu

trc c chic cu vn bc qua sng rng ri bng phng, thng n trn l.

31

Nguyn vn vit $ tc "Mi B Kht". Ch Nm % ny Thng Tn Th dch l "Ht", bn dch ca VIN S HC dch l "Kh". T in ch Nm ca V Vn Knh v T in ch Nm ca tc gi ngi Nht Yonosuke Takeuchi u phin m l Kht nhng vit l (%). Tuy nhin, Trng Vnh K, trong PCGBC cho ni ny c tn c c theo ting Kh me l Phnom Sek, c ngha "ni Kec" (T in Kh me - Php ca T. B. Bernard dch Sek l perroquet: c ngha l con kc). C th ni ny c tn trong th tch l "B Kht" v c ngi a phng gi theo tn c ca Kh me l B Kc? Bn ca Taberd in nm 1838 cng ghi

mi ny l "Mi B Kc". Ngoi ra nguyn vn in km bn dch ca Nguyn To li chp l v dch gi Tu Trai c l "Khit". 32

Kim Sn-Trung Linh (): Sui Trung Linh Kim Sn, nc rt ngon ngt, nay pha ty bc

huyn Trn Giang, tnh Giang T. Sch Trung triu c s chp: Lc L c D triu nh, c ngi thn

vng mnh vua i s Kinh Khu. L cn dn ngi : "Ngy tr li hy mang v cho ti mt bu nc sui

Trung Linh ni Kim Sn vng sng Dng T nh". 33

Ba Lng - Bch Hc (): Sui Bch Hc Ba Lng vng Ty Bc huyn thnh Nhc Dng, tnh H Nam, nc trong ngt ni ting, nu tr rt ngon 34

Gin Ph (): C lao ny nguyn c tn l Gin Ph chu, nhng do ch gin () v ch ng () t dng trng rt d lm nn c l b c lm.


Hi thng ging nm inh Mo (1747) i vua Th Tng Hiu V hong th 10 V vng

Nguyn Phc Khot (L Hin Tng nin hiu Cnh Hng th 8; i Thanh Cn Long th 12) 35

c

khch bun x xa ngi tnh Phc Kin (Trung Quc) l L Vn Quang n khch ng i Ph,

thy cnh thi bnh, v b l l, lng mng thm, bn ln lt kt b ng [7b] hn 300 ngi t

xng l ng Ph (Gin Ph) i vng, dng H Huy lm ngy Qun s, T Tam lm ngy T

c, T T lm ngy Hu c, m thm tnh chuyn xng by, nh nh p dinh Trn Bin,

nhng ch s Khm sai Cai i Cn Thn hu Nguyn C Cn l ngi c v ngh cao cng, nn

chng bn mu trc tin phi git ng Cn th vic s d thnh nh tr bn tay. Nhn ngy tt

Nguyn n, chng bn phc binh trong ph, ri em hn 50 tn dng cm by y phc theo kiu

i mng l ngy xun, n mng tui ti dinh Cn Thn hu, tha lc ngi v c s, cng rt

on ao trong tay o chm Cn Thn hu b thng. Cn Thn hu ln xung vt chy chp ly

ngn phc ao trn gi binh kh vch, git c 5, 6 tn gic, chng bn rt lui, chy a vo tri

qun ot c mt s thng di, ri t hai pha ng ty nh p. Lc y Cn Thn hu b

trng thng ui sc, ko ao nh bc git li, khng ng cn ao b vng hng ro cy khin

ng vp ng, [8a] lin b gic m cht. Th ri thuc binh ca ng lin n tip ng, qun gic

chy v t tp chn cu chng c. Quan Lu th Cng Oai hu h Nguyn iu lnh thy b

ca dinh dn trn b bc, t ph cu vn c th, khng dm tin qua nh dp, ri a hch

bo co cho Cai c i Thng hu Tng Phc 36

i o M Xoi cng hip binh nh dp.

Quan qun bt c bn L Vn Quang cng bn u s hung c 57 tn. Nhng ngh chng n l

ngi ca Thin triu (Thanh triu) khng nn git vi, bn giam chng vo ngc ri em vic y

tu ln.

Ma ng nm t Hi (1755), nhn c b h ca Tng c Mn Chit (Trung Quc) l Thin

tng L Huy c, B tng 37

Thm Thn Lang, Hnh Phng i tun th i Loan, thuyn b gi

bo bt n nc ta, nhn phi hp cng tu bun a h v nc, tin th thng 7 ma thu

nm Bnh T (1756) (L Hin Tng, nin hiu Cnh Hng th 17, i Thanh Cn Long th 21)

son cng vn v bn n k r ti trng ca tc ng. Bn t phm tr nhng k th thng b

bnh cht, hin cn m L Vn Quang, [8b] H Huy, T T cng 16 ngi, giao c cho on L

Huy c lnh gii v tnh Mn, trnh ln quan Tng c xt x tr ti.

T cu b ph b ri dn d cho n khi Ty Sn ni lon vn khng sa li c, nay phi

dng a ngi qua li. u pha nam cng c bn a ngang qua ch Bnh Tin (tc gi l

ch L Giy, khi qun Ty Sn vo cp ph ng y li gi ch n, thuc t thn Bnh

Tin), t do ng b n thnh Gia nh.

THCH NGH (CN CON NGH)

v pha ng cch trn 3 dm ri, nm di dng pha nam sng Phc Giang, hnh dng

hn ging con ngh, u sng l ra rt r, di chng 10 trng 38

, b ngang bng qu na b di 39

, ng ngc dng nc, mt chu v ca thnh, khi nc rng st trng thy rt r.

C TCH THCH

35

Ch thm ca dch gi v nin hiu cc i vua tng ng (Bt). 36

Bn VHN chp Tng Vn () i. 37

Thin tng (), B tng () l chc quan v tam i doanh c t i nh Minh, do cc quan c cng to m nhim, nhng v sau th quyn chc dn dn b xem nh, n i Mn Thanh th ch l chc quan v cp thp, lc qun v hi qun u c c, nh Doanh thin tng. 38

Mt trng ( ) bng 10 xch ( - thc) tc bng 3,2 m, hoc 4 m ty lc, ty ni. 39

Nguyn vn vit: i bn chi () c ngha "b to bng na b di", dch thot cho d hiu l "b ngang bng na b di".


Cn gi l Thch Than (Thc ) gia Phc Giang, v pha nam c lao Ph, cch trn chng

4 dm [9a] nm thin v pha bc; m g gh, ln nh chng cht, lm cho th nc chy xit,

sng gi vm m, ngi i thuyn phi ht sc cn thn. Di c con c chp en, mnh ln 6, 7

thc ta, mt sng nhin, vy ng nh nh sao, mi khi m vng canh khuya, n thng n

trc miu Chng c L Thnh hu, nhy qua thc, vt qua sng, bi li ln xung, hnh nh th

vi ly vy.

Pha bc thc c vc rt su, l ni tu b cc nc n np u. T trc thuyn bun n

y th neo xong th ln b thu ph, n nh ch mua hng k khai ton b hng ha c trong

thuyn trnh s thu; ch mua hng nh gi mua tt c hng ha xu tt khng st li th g. n

ngy trng bum tr v, gi l hi ng 40

, nu ch thuyn mun mua th g th c k khai

trc, ngi ch va theo n t hng mua dm, hai bn ch khch u tin, thanh ton ha n

r rng ri, khch cn ht vui chi, c nc ngt sch s, li khng c lo trng h n thng

vn thuyn, ch i ti ngy lui thuyn, ch hng y khoang m v x.

T khi Ty Sn dy lon 41

quan qun v c trn Phin An, thuyn bun cng di theo u

sng Tn Bnh, nn n nay tnh th thay i, thuyn cp bn khng c ch ln mua mo bao tr,

nn phi gnh n cc ch bn l linh tinh, khi mun mua th sn em v, th phi i tm ng, hi

ty, rt nhc nhn. Li c bn cn a phng kho gi dng lm ngi n cn thnh tht, di

gt mua xong ly hng ri tm ni bum 42

mt, nu ch thuyn mt mt t s vn th cn gng chu

m v, nhng nu mt vn qu nhiu th phi u thuyn qua ma ng (phm thuyn bun ngi

Tu n ma xun, thun theo gi ng bc m n, qua ma h li thun theo gi nam m v, nu

cun bum u lu qu, thu sang ng gi l lu ng, hay p ng) truy tm bn y khp ni,

vic y lm cho ngi bun ng xa ngy cng cc kh.

NG CHU (C LAO NG)

v pha bc lu ca Phc Giang, di hn 1 dm, rng bng 1 phn 4 b di, cch pha ty trn

19 dm ri. Nguyn trc lin vi c lao Tn Triu, nm Gip T (1744), nin hiu Cnh Hng

th 4 v c l ln, b xi l chia lm 2, pha ng thnh c lao Ng [9b] pha ty thnh c lao Tn

Triu, gia c mt sng nh va cn va hp chia ranh gii, nhiu ct si nn ch ghe nhi chm

chm th mi qua li c.

TN TRIU CHU (C LAO TN TRIU) 43

Nm trung lu Phc Giang, cch pha ty trn 21 dm, di 10 dm, rng 2 dm ri, dn

y chuyn vic lm vn, nhng ch yu trng tru v tru y nhiu l m tt, mi v li thm

ngon, cho nn ch c tru Tn Triu l ni ting hn ht.

TN CHNH CHU (C LAO TN CHNH) 44

Nm v pha nam lu 45

Phc Giang, cng nm tip lin vi c lao Tn Triu v c lao Ng by

thnh 3 c lao ging hng m c lao ny th ln hn ht, b di 20 dm, rng 5 dm ri, cch trn

v pha ty 20 dm, t y tt, thch hp vi cy du v ma, nn y sn xut nhiu ng ct.

40

ng () l mt triu i vn tr, v cng rng r ca Trung Quc, nn ngi Trung Quc t xng mnh l ng nhn, nc Trung Quc l ng Sn hay ng. V khch bun l ngi Trung Quc, nn hi ng l tr v Trung Quc. 41

Ty Sn dy lon: Do Trnh Hoi c l i thn nh Nguyn nn gi Ty Sn l "dy lon". Xin phin dch ng theo ngn phong ca tc gi. 42

Trn, chun (Bt). 43

C lao Tn Triu ngoi ting tm v tru cn vang danh v bi. Bi Bin Ha, nht l Tn Triu, v

mm, rut to, mi mng nc, li rt ngt. 44

C lao Tn Chnh theo Trng Vnh K trong PCGBC cn gi l ng S, v theo di co ca ng c tn ting Kh me c l Kh Krec.


BNG GIANG (SNG L BUNG)

v pha ty cch trn 11 dm ri, pha trn tip vi 3 c lao Tn Chnh, Tn Triu v Ng,

hp lu chy xung ti gia ri to ra Knh H su rng trong xanh, trn p vng thng du ca

hn Ra, khi sng chn vn, ni sng ti p, huyn o nh bng lai tin cnh. y gm thu

nhiu cnh p nh vin ph quy phm (bum v bn xa), bnh sa lc nhn (nhn p bi ct bng),

v tnh nham d v (ni tnh, m ma) [10b] khin cho ngi c cm hng phong cnh Tiu

Tng, v thnh tranh vy.

KIN GIANG 46

(RCH VP)

pha nam thng lu Phc Giang, cch trn v pha ty nam 21 dm ri, sng t pha bc

chy qua nam, c rng su khe t, gip gii mt chm cn, khi ma lt c th thng n dng Ci

Ct H, chy xung ng ba Bng Giang (gi l ng ba Ci Con) ri chy vo sng ln Bng Bt.

NG GIANG (RCH NG)

pha bc thng lu Phc Giang, cch ty bc trn 52 dm ri. Ngc dng ln u ngun

v pha bc 32 dm ri n Thm Tuyn, rng r hoang vu, thc nguy him, ghe thuyn kh i

li c. T y tr ln u thuc t ca ngi Thng hung d.

TIU GIANG 47

Tc gi l Sng B tng Phc Vinh, pha nam Phc Giang, cch trn v pha ty 109 dm

ri, pht nguyn [10b] t 2 sch 48

sn man V Tam v V Vin 49

quanh co chy xung hng

ng 53 dm n th s Tham Linh, b thc gnh ngn cn, ri chuyn qut ra pha bc 242 dm

to thnh ca Tiu Giang hp lu vi Phc Giang.

LA NHA GIANG (SNG LA NG)

pha bc thng lu Phc Giang, sng ny pht nguyn t ni Ph Chim thuc trn Thun

Thnh chy v nam. Li t ni Ph Chim chy ra pha bc gi l sng D Dng ri vng quanh

ni Cp Cp 50

(nc sng chy xit c vo , ting ku cp cp nn cn gi l ni Sng Bp) 51

chy xung ng ri hp lu vi ngun Bn Thch trn Ph Yn.

SA H (RCH CT)

Tc gi l Rch Ct, y l bc lu ca Phc Giang, cch pha ng trn 3 dm ri. Sng ny

chy quanh c lao i Ph. Li c tn l Hu Giang 52

, u pha ty nhiu khc cn, khi nc rng

th li b qua c.

45

Bc lu, trung lu, nam lu l tnh cc on sng theo chiu bc nam. Nu tnh theo chiu ngn ra vm th gi l thng lu, trung lu, h lu. 46

Kin Giang y l sng Kin Giang ca Bin Ha, khng phi Kin Giang, Rch Gi. 47

Sng B gi l Tiu Giang, cng cn gi cch khc l Tiu Thy 48

Sch hay sc l bun sc ca ngi Kh me. 49

Theo Vng Hng Sn trong cun T V ting Vit min Nam th V Tam v V Vin c th l D Tam v D Vin. D c ngha l chn canh phng gic, ngha nh l n, tng t tn cc a phng khc c ch V nh V Sa, V c, cng chnh l D Sa, D c. 50

Nguyn vn vit: . Hai ch ny nu c theo m Hn Vit l Cp cp, nu c theo m Nm l hp hp hay cp cp u l tng m ting nc sng chy xit va vo vch ni m pht ra. Ch ny, xin dch l ni "Cp Cp" (hay Hp Hp) 51

Nguyn vn chp ni x. Ch x ny l ch Nm, trong c hai tin ting Nm ca V Vn Knh v ca Yonosuke Takeuchi u ghi pht m hai cch l mp v bp. Xin chn ch "Bp" (v sng ny khi nc chy tun c vo pht ra ting ku "Bp bp, cp cp"), v dch l ni Sng Bp. 52

Khng nn lm vi Hu Giang ca h sng Cu Long min Ty.


AN HA GIANG (SNG AN HA)

v pha bc Phc Giang, cch trn v pha ng 19 dm. Ngoi ca sng l sng ng Chn,

chy ra bc na dm [11a] n ch thn An Ha, trc kia y l bn g, cho nn cn gi l Bn

G, qua hng ng bc na dm n ca sng Thit Trng 53

(tc gi l rch L Thi 54

v hng

ty bc 3 dm ri na n ch L Thi l cng ngun) ri chy 4 dm na hp lu cng sng Bi

Dip (sng L Bung).

KNH CHU

Tc gi l c lao Ci Tt 55

h lu Phc Giang, cch pha ng nam trn 21 dm ri. C lao

di 13 dm, rng 7 dm, c rung nng nh ca ca dn . Pha tri c lao l ng Giang, rng

ln mnh mng, sng gi chp chng; pha bn ng ng Giang thng vi 3 ng sng Bi Dip

(sng L Bung), Thanh Thy v ng Mn. Pha hu l Ty Giang, tuy c hp nh phn no

nhng li ng tt gi lng, ghe thuyn ln nh qua li u i ng . Chui c lao, hai sng

ng Giang v Ty Giang hp lu, gi l sng Lan 56

(sng Chng Hng), sng rng nc su,

nc bn c ca cc sng chy n y u c lng lc tr nn trong sch. Khc sng ny li c

c lao ln chn hai u trn xung di, nn chy c nhiu gi cun, li do nhiu dng nc chy

xit va chm nhau [11b] thnh sng ln, dao ng bt thng. Pha ng h lu sng Lan c c

lao Vn Manh (c lao Mui Mng), c lao ny di 4 dm ri, rng 4 dm, che lp ca sng Mao

ng (tc danh Rch Choi 57

- th sn c dy chi); c cy y rm rp, sinh nhiu ging mui

mng nn c tn y. on sng ny chy tn lon ra nhiu ng, sau mi chy gp v ch cui cng,

cng l ca sng Tam Giang - Nh B 58

.

BI DIP GIANG (SNG L BUNG)

Tc gi l rch L Bung, y c nhiu c dn sinh sng bng cch ly l bung dt bum,

an tm, nh dy, cht tu em bn sinh nhai, nn mi gi tn nh th. Sng ny h lu sng

Phc Giang, pha ng sng ng Giang, cch trn 30 dm, sng nh m di, ngc v ngun 10

dm n thng khu Nguyt Giang, li thm 10 dm ri na n thng khu sng ng Chn 59

, 23 dm na n cu ngang ng ci quan, 10 dm n phn th Bi Dip 60

, 27 dm n phn

sng Ng Ba; ni y nc chia 2 nhnh ng ty; nhnh pha ng chy quanh qua bc 50 dm

n Thm Tuyn (Sui Su), l cng ngun ri chy vo chn ni Lng Giao. Nhnh pha ty chy

quanh qua bc hn 24 dm n thc Xung tc gi Hn Kit 61

, thc chn cng, trn y l ni

53

Thit Trng () c l l con sng Bng Binh ngy nay ni sng An Ha, Bn G vi sng L Bung. Thit trng c ngha l "ni nu st" khi xa. 54

Rch L Thi chy qua xm Thit Tng ( ) tc xm L Rn, nay l xm Cu Vn, x An Ha. 55

Nguyn vn vit ci ('). Ch ' ny c hai cun tin ch Nm ca V Vn Knh v Yonosuke Takeuchi u m l dt, nhng chng ti xin chn "Ci Tt" theo Trng Vnh K. (Xem thm ch thch "Ci Tt Cu Sn" sau). 56

Nguyn vn vit: . Lan () c ngha l "ngn chn" hm "gn lc". () c ngha l cn cu, tc con sng gn c lm trong nc cc con sng khc chy vy. Trng Vnh K gi theo ngi a phng l sng Chng Hng, tc hnh th hp lu ny nh ngi ng chng hng (ng dng chn ra). 57

Ngi Nam B c l chi. 58

Tam Giang - Nh B (xin xem ch thch ch ny). 59

ng Chn: Nguyn vn vit ng Chn (), cc sch khc vit ng Chn, ng Tuyn, nhng trong di co ca TVK li cn c theo tn Kh me c: Pam prk tranchick Kran m ghi l ng Tranh. Aubaret trong dch bn Gia inh Thung chi cng dch l "Don Tranh" tc ng Tranh vy. 60

Phn th () l n th ng ph cho n th ng chnh. 61

Nguyn vn vit: , tra tin Nm khng thy, chng ti nh c theo m Hn Vit l Hn Kit (xin c ch gio).


ch trao i hng ha ca cc dn thuc man 62

. [12a] Ghe thuyn i n y l tn cng, cn nh

gc ngun ca n th trong ni su x Cao Min, nc thng chy rc rch t ra.

NG MN GIANG (SNG NG MN) (NG MUN) 63

h lu sng Phc Giang, pha ng sng ng Giang, cch trn hn 35 dm; ca sng rng

8 trng, su 1 trng, chy v hng ng bc 21 dm n ming sui Tng (tc gi l sui

Ung) 64

, b ty chy v hng ty 5 dm ri n cu Thanh Thy ng ci quan ri hp vi

thng lu sng Thanh Thy, 3 dm na n ming sui Qun Th (sui b bc), i ngc theo

hng ty bc 6 dm ri n cu ngang Qun Th, 20 dm na n ni cng ngun. B nam c

ng nm n t, na dm n cu ngang, u cu pha bc i 1 dm ri n th s ng Mn

(Mun) ra ng ci quan. u cu pha nam i 13 dm ri n ch sng Mao ng (sng Choi),

t y chy thm mt dm ri na l n cng sui. n cch ch ng Mn (Mun) mt dm, i

v pha ng na dm n sng Tro Tro, chy hp li pha ng bc 2 dm n ca sui ng

Hu, t ca sui ngc ln pha ty 3 dm n cu ngang ng Hu, hip vi ng ci quan,

li chy 31 dm n n Tuyn (sui n) l ni cng ngun vy. T ming sui ng Hu chy

v hng ng 13 dm ri ri hip lu vi sng K.

[13a] K GIANG (SNG B K)

v pha ng cch trn 91 dm; sng ny chy t Nam ln Bc, di 12 dm ri, n i

Tuyn (sui Ln) l ni cng ngun th dng li. Gia c ng ci quan, c cu ngang thng

qua li, ca sng chy v ng hp vi sng o Thy 65

(tc gi l Nc Ln), ri chy ra ca

sng ln M Xoi. Sng chy v ty hp vi sng ng Hu, qua sng ng Mn (Mun) ri chy

ra sng ln Phc Long.

PH GIA TAM GIANG KHU (CA TAM GIANG NH B - NG BA NH B)

Nc ngt sng Phc Long t bc chy n, nc l sng Tn Bnh t nam chy li, hp lu

chy xung ng to thnh sng Phc Bnh, y l ca Tam Giang, nc ton mn c. Cch pha

ng nam trn 73 dm ri, t y tr xung hng nam bc c nhiu sng nhnh, duy mt di

sng ln chy xung ng, ra ca bin Cn Gi. Xa khi mi t 2 dinh Trn Bin v Phin

Trn, m ng b Bnh ng cha m, hnh khch i li phi p dc. u bn pha bc

bn Sa H (Rch Ct) thuc dinh Trn Bin, [13b] u bn pha nam u cu tng Tn

Long (tc danh Cu , a phn thn Tn Hng, nay vn cn). Phm ngi i thuyn khi

hnh t Trn Bin, phi i khi nc rng thun dng mi cho thuyn n ca Tam Giang, n

sng Tn Bnh, n y li gp nc ngc phi cm thuyn i khi nc ln th mi thun dng i

tip. Cn k khi hnh bn pha nam cng phi la thi nh vy. Thuy, dn c cn tha

tht, ghe hp nh, hnh khch thi cm, un tr rt kh, v vy c ngi ph h tng Tn

Chnh l V Th Hong 66

kt tre li lm b, trn che lp phng c, sm bp nc, go, ci, v

n di b cho hnh khch ty dng m khng bt phi tr tin. Sau khch bun cng kt 62

Thuc man () l dn tc t ngi "thuc ha", "thun ha" sng hin lnh gn ngi Kinh. Ngc li vi thuc man l "c man" tc ngi dn tc cn hoang d sng trong rng su (theo cch gi xa). 63

Di co Trng Vnh K chp ng Mun tc cnh ng en (Mun) do ting Kh me Kompon l cnh ng, Khmau l en, mun. 64

Nguyn vn vit: ( tc sui Ung, nhng nguyn vn bn dch ca Vin S Hc li chp l sui ((). Aubaret cng dch l sui Ung (Gia dinh Thung chi p. 166: "Ton thuyen (Tn Tuyn) vulgairement appell Xuoi uong"). 65

o Thy giang () tc sng Nc Ln. Tn ch ca "sng Nc Ln" ny c sch chp l "o Thy giang" c sch chp l "Hn Thy giang" nhng theo Trng Vnh K th chnh l Hip Thy giang. "o Thy", "Hn Thy" v "Hip Thy" u c ngha l "nc ln" nh nhau. 66

V k hy tn vua Hong Lch (Cn Long) nh i Thanh nn phi c tri i l V Th Hung. Cu Th

Hung gia Tn Vn v ch n (Bin Ha) tng truyn do V Th Hung xy dng n nay vn cn.


b ni bn n nhiu n 20, 30 chic, nhm thnh ch trn sng, nn mi gi xy l Nh B.

Sau ny ng thy, ng b lu thng, dn cng c, ngi qua li u dng ghe nh nn

dc phi dp b. Tri qua cuc lon Ty Sn, Nh B tan r, n nay cng khng lm li.

[14a] BNG BT GIANG (SNG BNG BT) 67

ni cui cng ranh gii pha ty bc trn. Pht nguyn t chm ng Nhai (chm trn rng

su trong, cy ci rm rp l ch ca b lc man d ng Nhai) chy quanh qua hng ng, nc

ngt y trn qua n a u trn Phin An lm thnh sng Tn Bnh, th nc li l.

NG CNG THAN (THC NM NG)

ti ngun Trc Thy (Nc c) trn pha ty sng Bng Bt l ranh gii cui cng pha ty

nam ca trn. T ngun ca n l ca sng Tn trc miu Ng Cng i v hng nam c thc

chnh vnh g gh li lm, nc tung sng v, chy mnh qua g cao, ch dn chuyn nghip

dng thuyn c mc nh mi dm liu i qua. Nhng tay so 68

chng trc sau, gi gn ht

sc lc, nu ch mt cht sai st lin b lt chm, b nt.

Ngc dng ln hn 215 dm n thc T Mn 69

, 30 dm na n thc Hp (Hp, Ngp) 70

, na

dm n thc Ln, 1 dm n thc T M, 17 dm n [14b] thc Ch Ym, 2 dm ri n thc

T Nng, 54 dm 71

n ng ba sng Trm, y nc chia ra 2 nhnh, nhnh chy hng ty nam

tc gi l sng Trm. Ngc dng ln 18 dm n thc T Vt, ni y nc chy cn c nh

ra, rt th d v dn man ni , u ngun cn xa gn th no th khng th r c. Nhnh ty bc

gi l sng D, i thm 13 dm n thc T Khung, ca lp ng, thm lm cng cc, ni

dn mi d 72

chim c, nu mun i n cng u ngun cng khng c.

LO T CNG (GING NG T) 73

tng An Thy, huyn Bnh An, lm gii hn pha nam ca trn; c g ni cao, bng phng

quanh co, ni a kh hi t, cy ci tt ti, g di 7 dm ri, rng 3, 4 dm, c sng nh t pha

bc chy vo nam, bao quanh pha trc. y l g t bng phng ca h ni Chiu Thi (Chu

Thi).

CM M

67

Bng Bt giang (): Nguyn vn c GTTC v i Nam nht thng ch u chp tc Bng

Bt. Thng Tn Th dch l Thy Bt, Nguyn To dch l Bng Bt, nhm dch gi VIN S HC dch l

Bng Bt, Trng Vnh K cho l Thy Vt. C l Thng Tn Th nhm ch Bng () thnh Thy ().

Nhm dch gi VIN S HC nhm Bt () thnh Bt (). Trng Vnh K nu dch ch Bng Bt ()

thnh Thy Vt ()) cng nhm. Trong thc t sng Bng Bt hay Thy Vt khng ai bit l sng g, u, ch cn c theo iu Trnh Hoi c t th on n chnh l phn ngn con sng Si Gn, chy gn ti Th Du Mt gi l sng Th Tn, chy ngang ta b Th Du Mt gi l sng Th Du Mt, v chy xung ti u Si Gn thnh sng Tn Bnh. 68

Nguyn vn so s () ch c ngha l k chng cy so y ghe ch khng phi "bc s" v i ghe. 69

T l ting Kh me c ngha l "ng" dng gi ngi ln tui. 70

Nguyn vn ch Nm c hai cun T in ch Nm ca V Vn Knh v Yonosuke Takeuchi ngi Nht u c l Hp, Hp, hoc Ngp. Xin chn c ba v khng th xc nh c. 71

Nguyn vn bn VIN S HC chp 14 dm, nguyn vn in km bn Nguyn To chp 20 dm, nguyn vn VHN lu tr chp 54 dm. 72

Nguyn vn "c man" (), cn dch l "Mi d", phn bit vi "thun man". 73

Ch "Ging" y c ngha l mt chui di g nng. Nguyn vn chp "Lo T Cng" () cng c ngha l "g Lo T", nhng ngi a phng quen gi t y l "Ging ng T" (nay thuc qun 9, thnh ph H Ch Minh).


Tc gi l vng Gm, tng An Ph, huyn Phc An. Vng ny su rng do cc dng chy

n hp li, c khi mt tri chiu t xa [15a] rng chiu phn chiu xung, sc cy xanh tt, sng

nc long lanh, xa trng rt rc r, nn mi t tn Gm l nh vy. Trong vng c nhiu c su

thng bt ngi n tht, ngi qua li phi ht sc cn thn, nn mi c ngn ng: Hung c nh c

su vng Gm.

TOI M

Tc gi l m Nt, a phn huyn Phc An. m do cc sng hp li, thng khp cc no;

cn bi trng ip, ngnh nhnh quanh co, ngang dc chng cht hp ri tan, rng chm rm rp,

trc sau trng khng thy nhau. Thuyn i khi thun khi nghch, ang i pha tri bng chuyn

pha phi. Nu ch qun mt cht, t phi lc ng, cho nn ngi ta phi ht sc cn thn. Ni

y khng c dn c lng mc, cho nn tuy ngi quen ng m i mt mnh n y cng

phi ng ng m tm dng li, i khi hp c nhiu thuyn cng nhau hi han, sau mi kt

on m i. Li cn c bn trm cp n np y, ngi bun bn thng hay b chng hi. Nm

Gia Long th 12 (1813) c chia t trm sng, mi trm u c lnh trm tr ng, khng nhng

vic chuyn cng vn c mau l m nn trm cp do cng c dp tan, nhn dn ni

c nh.

[15b] THT K GIANG

Tc gi l Ng By, v pha ng sng Phc Bnh, pha nam c ng ba, pha bc c ng t

hnh ch thp, nn gp li mi c tn l Ng By. Nhng y c nhiu ng ba v nhiu ng t

hnh ch thp m tn y khng th ch nh mt ch no. Bi v h thng sng ny chng cht

xin x rt phc tp, xuyn qua nhau m chy, ng t tn l sng Hn ng (trn ln) ch chng

nn cu n bi ci tn Tht K.

DNG C (VNG DNG) (CN GI VNG DANG)

Ni y gn bi bin pha ng ca trn, dn c t tp, ng mn ngn khonh, u l rung

mui. Dn y ly vic phi mui lm ngh chnh.

HNG PHC GIANG

(Tc l sng M Xoi, l ni 2 thn Long Hng v Phc L cng i th lnh trm). Ngc

dng ln pha bc chuyn qua pha ty n sui Chu Ph 74

gp sui Giao Ko, qua Thm Tuyn

(sui Su) n u ngun sng Mng Giang, tc gi l sng Xoi, di 15 dm, chy qua nam 4

dm l ca sng ln Hng Phc ri hp lu cng cc sng khc.

[16a] TC K (CA LP HAY GING BNG) 75

Cch trn v pha ng 210 dm. Lng cng c cn ct di i bt thng. Ca cng b ngang

rng 90 tm 76

, khi nc ln cng su t 13 thc ta tr ln, 17 thc ta tr xung. Dn min bin

nhm n y lm ngh chi li cu c, l ni sn xut c mui ca trn ny.

THUYN C

74

Nguyn vn vit *+ khng phi Chu T, Chu Ph, Th Th. tra nhiu tin ch Nm nhng khng thy, xin tm dch "Chu Ph". 75

Nguyn vn vit ,, c l Tc K. Trng Vnh K trong PCGBC cng chp l Tc K, tn Nm l Ca Lp hay Ging Bng. (Tn Ca Lp ny c ghi rt r trong bn An Nam i quc ca Taberd, n hnh nm 1838.) 76

Mt tm () bng 8 thc ta, tc 3,2 m (mtre).


Tc gi l Vng Tu 77

, v pha ng cch trn 234 dm ri. Li t phi ra ngoi bin, cng

ra xa cng ln. Pha bc bao ly ca Tc K, pha nam da vo Tht Sn (ni Gnh Ri), che khut

ca bin Cn Gi. Th t trng rt sung mn, mt vng hng v ty, lng vng to rng l ni thu

kt cc dng nc nh ca cc sng m v cc ngi rch chy v bin, lm ni ghe thuyn n u

rt yn n.

XCH TH (T )

L t gm 7 x thn phng: Phc Ha, Phc An Trung, Phc Lc Thng, Ph Thnh,

Long Thi, Long Ha v Thi Thnh thuc tng Phc Hng, huyn Phc An. Vng ny trng

du, m, bp, khoai, u, xanh tt sai p. Cch Nc Giang na ngy ng [16b] c dn trn

Thun Thnh sng chung . t ni y sc vng nn ngi y c nc da vng ng, o

qun vt dng tuy ct kn trong rng t, nhng sc cng bin thnh mu vng, v kh t nhim

vo.

XCH RAM GIANG (SNG XCH RAM)

v pha ng bc cch trn 209 dm, c cu vn bc ngang. Sng di 173 tm, l ni ng

bi ngang qua, nc su 5 thc ta. Pha h lu ca cu chuyn quanh vo nam 3 dm l cng bin

Xch Ram 78

khi thy triu ln su 10 thc ta, rng 33 trng 79

ri, cng di i, thng kt bt

thng. T cu ngc ln pha ty 28 dm ri n cu Thch Than, y thc trng ip, ghe

thuyn kh i, li ngc dng quanh co 30 dm n Lai Giang ri quanh qua ty nam i 92 dm

ri n sui D Lao H. Li quay v nam 46 dm n sui D Lao Thng ri n a ht n

ng Mn, mt ng m ni rng sm ut, bun sc ca cc dn man thun chia nhau sinh

sng, h u np thu v i phu dch.

[17a] HI NG H

Tc gi l H Trm, cch trn v pha ng bc 227 dm ri. Ni y, ng ct ni lin, c cy

xanh tt, trong c h ln xanh trong, nc u ngt c, khng khi no kh, mi ngi u nh nc

y.

RNG SC

(Sch Phong tc thng ch gii ngha: Ch tu (chm ln) ngha l hu, v c c, cy, c mm

nui nng con ngi).

T Tam Giang Nh B, xung pha ng n ca Cn Gi, pha bc n ca Tc K, pha ty

n K Giang, trong khong y c n trm ngn cn bi, cc bi y u c rng chm c. Cy

gi l cy d, c, s, vt 80

v nhng cy tp khc, rng xanh cy rm, tn nhnh giao nhau, che

kn mt tri. Ngi ta dng nhng cy y lm nh ca, ro giu, ct cc, than ci, khng ngy

no ngt. Cn hi sn nh c, tm, cua, sam v c len 81

th bt dng khng ht m cng khng ai

ngn cm. y l ch ch cng v cng ca tri t ban cho nui dng ngi dn Gia nh vy.

[17b] PH CHP LI KHU THUYT

77

Vng Tu: Ting Php gi l Cap Saint-Jacques, cng cn gi l Cp, Thuyn c. 78

Nguyn vn on ny vit: phi c l Xch Lam. Trng Vnh K trong PCGBC li vit l Xch Ram. Ram ch Nm vit l -tc ch Lam c b ha bng. M ng l Xch Ram v cu u phn ton thnh Cng vc: Gia nh v c, Chn Lp chi a, ng Nam t hi hu Xch Ram Cn Gi... Tc gi vit ch Ram c b Ha (-) hn hoi. 79

Trng () bng 10 thc ta = 4 mt. 80

D, c, s, vt, cy mm l nhng cy vng rng ngp mn din (duyn) hi. 81

Thng loa (): c xanh, l con c len v mu xanh, tht c gn mu xanh eo cy mm, cy vt vng rng ngp mn ngoi bi bin.


ng Nai () l tn duy nht ca trn Bin Ha, m ch ng Nai li pha nam h lu

sng Phc Giang cch trn 8 dm ngoi. Do ban u l cnh ng cho nai hu , cho nn

mi gi l ng Nai, tn ch l Lc D, cn gi l Lc ng.

t Gia nh c 5 trn ring bit: Phin An, Bin Ha, Vnh Thanh, nh Tng v H Tin.

Trong tn t cng nhiu, nhng theo c dn y thng ni th ch gi t Bin Ha l ng

Nai, B Ra; t Phin An l Bn Ngh, Si Gn; t nh Tng l Vng G, M Tho; t Vnh

Thanh l Long H, Sa c; t H Tin l C Mau 82

, Rch Gi. y l tn ch l s hoc ch a

u, hoc ch qun t c dn ng c, y l ni tng qut m khng phi k cu m t k lng

vn vt mt cch phin phc.

[18a] Cn nh Gia nh m gi l ng Nai tt nhin cng c c s. Nguyn Gia nh khi bt

u khai thc th t ch ng Nai trc cho nn ngi i trc c nh dng ci gc tm ci

ngn, ly ch u ko c c ui, bn gi chung l ng Nai. Ngy nay, c noi theo m

khng xt cho r. Ngi bn x gi ba l ng Nai, th ngi ni ht khc cng c nghe theo

l ng Nai, chng tm hiu cho r. Khi gp vic phi lm, hoc khi bn lun, hay tm thm b con

th ng nghch chng bit tng tch ca x s nm u, phn nhiu l nh vy.

Tri t lc Ty Sn dy lon, Th T Cao Hong ta em qun ng Nai ly li kinh thnh

Ph Xun, bnh nh Bc H, qut sch gic bin, dp 3 k th ln, lc danh ting ng Nai mi

lan tn Trung Quc. V ma thu nm Nhm Tut (1802) nin hiu Gia Long nm u, nc ta qua

np cng nh i Thanh th thy s sch Trung Quc chp ngi ng Nai l ngi Nng Ni,

tc ci tn y c c thin h bit ti. Tuy tn gi y xa nay c khc, nhng nguyn y s sa

i 83

d ng th khng th khng bit cho r c.

B RA

B Ra (B a) l vng t c ting u bin gii ca trn Bin Ha, cho nn cc ph pha bc 84

c cu ngn ng: Cm Nai Ra, c R Rang 85

. y l ly x ng Nai v B Ra (B a) lm tn

u gi c Bn Ngh, Si Gn, M Tho, Long H vo trong .

t ny da lng vo ni, mt trng ra bin, rng rm, tre dy, trn c s tun vy gi dn

man mi n i chc, vng di c trm ca b xem xt thuyn b lc i ra bin, ng trm

thy b giao tip. Vic cung np sn, lm, th sn, ch ng, man, bt gi phng nga o tc,

c t huyn, nha, o, th, chia gi nhim v, chnh l ni xung yu, bn rn, kh nhc bc nht.

C nhiu ca quan him yu, di ch ca cc thnh tr xa n nay hy cn li, khc g quc

ca cc vng gi.

[19a] B Ra (B a) l t Lc Chn Lp xa, xt Tn ng th chp: "Nc B La () ngay pha ng nam Chim Thnh, t Giao Chu i thuyn theo ven bin qua cc nc Xch Th,

an an l n. Xy t rng, o nhiu, cn gi l M L, y c tc xu tai eo hoa, dng mt

khc vi ct bi qun ngang lng. Pha Nam min y c nc Th Ni, sau nin hiu Vnh Huy i

ng (651-655) th b Chn Lp thn tnh." C theo nh li ni y m suy th cc tc y ging

nh phong tc ca Cao Min v , man ngy nay, m a im t ai cng th. Tra theo Chnh

82

C Mau cn gi l o Long Xuyn. o Long Xuyn ny hon ton khng phi tnh Long Xuyn (thuc An Giang) sau ny. Thi Trnh Hoi c cha c tnh Long Xuyn. 83

Nguyn vn din cch () c ngha l theo th ch c m sa mi li, vy nn dch l "sa i". 84

Cc ph pha bc: tc cc ph Bnh Thun, Thi Khang (Khnh Ha), Bnh nh... 85

ni hai ni Phan Rang, Phan R c nhiu c ngon; ng Nai, B Ra c nhiu go tt.


vn th th ch "li" () c phin m l "lc a thit" tc "la", vy nghi ch "B Ra" (B Ra)

tc l nc "B La" xa 86

.

Cn ch Th Ni so vi ng Nai v Nng Ni thanh m khng sai lm, c th cng l t Si

Gn ngy nay, tm chp ph nh vy, ch s kho bin sau ny.

86

Thit m l cch mn m hai ch phin m, tc ly ph m ch u rp vi nguyn m hay khun m ch sau pht m, nh "Lc a thit" th dng ph m L (L) ca ch Lc + vi khun m "a" ca ch a c thnh La. V ngi Hoa pht m ch R khng c nn tt c m R h u vit thnh m L nh Phan R thnh Phan

L, Phan Rang thnh Phan Lang, Pari (Paris) thnh Ba L. Vy m B Ra c vit thnh B La (). V im ny c th Trnh Hoi c nhm khi cho rng B Ra (B a) ca dinh Trn Bin (Bin Ha) l x

B La () m sch Tn ng th miu t. X B La m sch Tn ng th miu t l x Borno, hoc x Kalimantan, hay ng nht c l l x Bali ca Indonsia. Theo quyn T Hi ca nc Cng ha nhn dn Trung Hoa n hnh nm 1989 th B La l tn nc xa, t xa, hoc c ngi cho rng ngy nay l o Kalimantan ca Indonsia, hoc o Bali ca Indonsia, m sch Ty th, Nam man lit truyn, cng sch ng th, Nam man lit truyn u c k n nc B La y cng cn gi l M L (B La gi, c quc danh, c a hoc d vi ti kim n N Ty Gia L Man an o (...) hoc d vi ti kim n N Ty Ba Ly (...) o. Ty th Nam Man lit truyn ha ng th Nam Man lit truyn hu chuyn k thut. Dic vit M L). Thi Trnh Hoi c, kin thc a l hi ngoi ca ngi Vit rt hn hp m sch v ca Trung Quc thi li khng c ch La Tinh nh ngy nay nn kh on nh l chuyn thng.


Quyn II-b: SN XUYN CH

[Chp v ni sng] (tip)

TRN VNH-THANH

THOI SN 1 [173]

c gi l ni Sp, huyn Vnh nh, b pha ng sng Thoi Sn (tc gi rch Ba Rch),

pha bc cch ca Thoi H hn 69 dm. [44a] T sng ln quanh pha bc sang ng, n

trn thnh 283 dm. Ni cao 20 trng, chu vi 11 dm ri, nh ni nguy nga, cy cao bng c,

p trang nghim t nh ci lng p bin gii pha ty. C Hng Tuyn (sui Thm) chy

v ty 50 tm n ng sng m b su thuyn c thi c. Pha ty nam chn ni c Bu Sn

(tc gi l ni Cu), xanh tt cao 7 trng, chu vi 1 dm ri, sui ngt, t tt, c cy ti mt,

sn dn vy quanh. V vng gn Cao Min, hoang vu mt mt, nu dng ng thy th phi do

ng Kin Giang; m con sng ny y c lc, bn ly ng, ch lc ma lt ghe thuyn mi

qua li c. Thng 4 nm Mu Dn, nin hiu Gia Long th 17 (1818), vua sai Trn th Vnh

Thanh l Thng ch Thoi Ngc hu Nguyn Vn Thoi kinh l ng sng, vic hon thnh, vua

ban cho tn ni l Thoi Sn nu danh tt thn ni v cng ghi thnh tch cng lao ca bc

nhn thn. Li lnh cm dn ch, dn Th n cht cy ci gi ly sinh kh, nhn thy non xanh

my ph, sui ngc m, thn [44b] sng nhng c, m t cha linh, trn gi min him yu,

nu sc mnh cng c ci Nam ta m dng th. i! Hng trng lm thay!

BA TH SN (NI BA TH) 2 [174]

Cao 30 trng, chu vi 13 dm, cch pha ty bn Thoi H 18 dm ri, ba ngn vn xanh chp

chng c th ti mt, cm dn khng c cht. Mt trc gip vi bng bin, c rm bn ly.

Thoi Ngc hu nhn o cho thng ra, rng 20 tm cho thuyn b i li. Ngi Cao Min

theo trin ni v ng rng, h va sng bng ngh sn bn ni, li cn cu c ao chm, thu

c 2 mi li.

T CHIU SN (NI T CHIU) 3 [175])

Cao 12 trng, chu vi 5 dm, cch pha bc ni Ba Th 2 dm. Ni y ni non him hc,

ng gia vng ln trng nh ht ngc linh chu va ly ra khi hp; ngm xem mu cy xanh lam

cng sc nc trng ngi, rng chiu ri xung n

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